Прочитайте текст упражнения 7 еще раз и дайте его краткое изложение по следующей схеме
1. The title of the text is…
2. It deals with…
3. The first part of the text is devoted to…
4. The second part tells us (about) that…
5. The last part informs us about…
6. Thus we learn from the text (about) that…
9. Прочитайте текст Civil Service in Russia. Определите какое из утверждений является истинным (T) или ложным (F). Отметьте варианты ответов
CIVIL SERVICE IN RUSSIA
The nature and status of any civil service is highly dependent on the identity and cohesiveness of the state and the peculiarities of its political system. The Russian state and nation are in deep crisis. Evidence is easily found in any sphere of the country's economic, political and social life.
As an integral part of the establishment the Russian civil service suffers from this uncertain political situation, as well as an unsettled constitutional order and system of governance, economic chaos and the authoritarian tendencies of the ruling elite. The Soviet past continues to implican current practices.
The reform of the civil service necessitated by the profound transformation of the former Soviet Union has been so far confined to a set of limited changes of the administrative system and regulatory framework. A comprehensive in-depth programme of reform of the Russian civil service has never been officially formulated. Apart from evident deideologization of the system, changes introduced appear to have been more cosmetic than real in terms of practical results. Civil service practices are still based on those inherited from the Soviet period. Moreover, many "old Party cadres" returned and at present make up a high proportion of the administrative elite. The Russian civil service continues to be bureaucratic in spirit and action, highly responsive to the ruling elite and virtually unaccountable to the public, whilst preserving considerable policy making ability of its own.
In view of the overall situation in the country, the issues of legitimacy and performance of the Russian civil service have recently acquired critical importance. A paradoxical situation has emerged. The restructuring of the Russian economy and resolution of urgent social and political problems need billions of dollars, and genuine and transparent civil service reform.
The future agenda of in-depth reform of the Russian civil service should comprise measures aimed at streamlining its institutional role, enhancing its accountability and efficiency, transparency and responsiveness, political neutrality, adherence to the rule of law, "denomenklaturisation" and introduction of modern management techniques.
The classification of the Russian CSS poses certain difficulties in view of the transitional stage of the country's institutional development, unstable political and economic environment, underdeveloped nature of the civil service itself and failure to design and implement a coherent strategy of reform.
The present day reality in Russia and in most developing countries have many similarities (such as unstable political and economic conditionsand an underdeveloped civil services).
The following variables of the Russian CSS have been identified: Relation to the political regime -majority party responsive (presidential variant); Socioeconomic context - mixed; Focus for personnel management - ministry-by-ministry; Qualification requirements for civil service membership - bureaucratic determination; Sense of mission - cooperation (dominant).
Civil services in the majority of the former republics of the USSR function in an identical environment and possess common properties. Some of the characteristics typical of these systems are: pseudodemocratic practices of governance and representation, growing weakness of state and government institutions, civil service reforms either delayed or launched, but achieving no real changes in practice, a persisting domination by the soviet nomenklatura heritage, extremely unfavourable economic conditions, a considerable level of alienation of citizens towards the state and government apparatus and a general trend towards bureaucratic usurpation of political power by an administrative elite.
The comparative research of different countries is undoubtedly innovative in its character and deserves continued international support and appreciation.
| T | F | |
| 1) The evidence of crisis in Russia can be found in economic, political and social life. | ||
| 2) Civil service practices are based on the administrative system of the former USSR. | ||
| 3) The Russian civil service is bureaucratic. | ||
| 4) Russia needs transparent civil service reform. | ||
| 5) Former republics of the USSR have some characteristics typical of their system. |
10.Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящим по значению словом справа, изменив его с помощью суффиксов
| Of the world's civil services, the most outstanding is still the British, extremely ___1___ because of its extensive | POWER |
| grants of power from Parliament, and its reputation for absolute ___2___. | HONEST |
| A Civil Service Commission and the ___3___of a system | BEGIN |
| of competitive examinations were ___4___ in Great Britain | ESTABLISH |
| in 1855, and the influential Whitley Councils, representing both ___5___ employees and administrators in questions | GOVERN |
| dealing with service conditions, were set up after World War II. British civil servants are ___6___ excluded from politics. | STRICT |
Создайте две рабочие группы. Выберите карточку для своей группы. Прочитайте вопросы, заданные в ней и обсудите ответы. Представьте вашу точку зрения.
Card 1
| Does national, state, county, or city government offer the greatest opportunities for service? For advancement or the individual worker? What are some advantages and disadvantages of civil service? |
Card 2
| Does career service for government employees tend to create “bureaucrats”? Does private enterprise have its “bureaucrats”? Should public employees be encouraged to get private experience and then re-enter-government service? In what ways do you think civil service could be improved? |
UNIT 3