XI. Describe the dangers in Pedro Channel

ANCHORAGES AND BERTHS.

ЯКОРНЫЕ СТОЯНКИ.

VOCABULARY

anchorage [' æŋkəridʒ] якорная стоянка, якорное место

capacious a. [kə'pei∫əs] просторная, вместительная якорная стоянка

convenient a. [kən'vi:njənt] удобная якорная стоянка

designated a. ['dezigneitid] назначенная, определенная якорная стоянка

excellent a. ['eksələnt] превосходная якорная стоянка

explosives a. [iks'pləusivz] якорная стоянка для судов со взрывоопасными

грузами

exposed a. [iks'pouzd] открытая якорная стоянка

fair a. [feə] хорошая якорная стоянка

general a. ['dʒenərəl] общая якорная стоянка

prohibited a. [prə'hibitid] запрещенная якорная стоянка

quarantine a. ['kwɔrənti:n] карантинная якорная стоянка

safe a. [seif] безопасная якорная стоянка

sheltered a. ['∫eltəd] защищенная якорная стоянка

short term a. [∫ɔ:t 'tə:m] кратковременная, непродолжительная якорная стоянка

tenable a. ['tenəbl] надежная якорная стоянка

temporary a. ['tempərəri] временная якорная стоянка

waiting a. ['weitiŋ] якорная стоянка для ожидающих судов

Berths

berth [bə: θ] причал

numbered berths ['n⋀mbəd] пронумерованные причалы

jetty [dʒeti ] мол; пристань

pier [piə] пирс; мол

quay [ki:] пристань; причал; стенка (для причаливания судов)

terminal ['tə:minl] терминал

wharf [wɔ:f] пристань; причал

Nature of seabed

bottom ['bɔtəm] дно (моря, океана), грунт

even b. ['i:vn] ровное дно

uneven b. ['⋀ni:vn] неровное дно

regular b. ['regjulə] ровное дно

boulder ['bəuldə] валун; галька

clay [klei] глина

coral ['kɔrəl] коралл

gravel ['grævl] гравий

ground [graund] грунт

mud [m⋀d] ил

pebbles ['peblz] голыши, галька

rock [rɔk] скала

sand [sænd] песок

shell [∫el] ракушка

shingle ['∫iŋgl] галька

silt [silt] ил

stone [stəun] камень

weed [wi:d] водоросли

Qualifying terms

broken ['brəukn] битый

coarse [kɔ:s] крупный

fine [fain] мелкий

hard [ha:d] твердый

medium ['mi:djəm] средний

small [smɔ:l] небольшой

soft [sɔft] мягкий

sticky ['stiki] вязкий

stiff [stif] жесткий

Other words

abeam [ə'bi:m] на траверзе

abreast [ə'brest] на траверзе

accept vessels [ək'sept ] принимать суда

accommodate vessels [ə'kɔmədeit] принимать суда

afford anchorage [ə'fɔ:d] предоставлять якорную стоянку

approach [ə'prəut∫] подходить, приближаться

available [ə'veiləbl] доступный, свободный; имеющийся в наличии

anchor ['æŋkə] якорь; стать на якорь

be at a. стоять на якоре

cast a. [ka:st] отдать якорь

drop a. [drɔp] отдать якорь

lie at a. [lai] стоять на якоре

ride at a. [raid] стоять на якоре

weigh a. [wei] сниматься с якоря

avoid anchoring [ə'vɔid 'æŋkəriŋ] избегать постановки на якорь

avoid swinging [ə'vɔid 'swiŋiŋ] избегать разворота на якоре

provide [prə'vaid] обеспечивать; предоставлять

conspicuous [kən'spikjuəs] заметный, приметный

emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] аварийный; запасной

extend [iks'tend] протягивать; простираться

heavy draft ['hevi dra:ft] большая осадка

heavy sea (s) ['hevi 'si:] сильное волнение моря

intend [in'tend] предназначать; намереваться

intended place [in'tendid 'pleis] предназначенное место

land [lænd] земля, суша; причаливать

layer ['leiə] слой; пласт

lee [li: ] защита, укрытие

under the lee ['⋀ndə ðə 'li:] под защитой, под укрытием

lee side ['li: said ] подветренная сторона

limit [limit] ограничение; граница; предел; ограничивать

locate [ləu'keit] определять место; располагаться в определенном месте;

local knowledge [ləu'kel 'nɔlidʒ] знание местных условий плавания

make fast ['meik 'fa:st] крепиться, швартоваться

marina [mə'ri:nə] гавань для прогулочных, экскурсионных судов

moor [muə] швартоваться; стать на якорь

mooring buoy ['muəriŋ 'bɔi] швартовный буй

mooring dolphin ['muəriŋ 'dɔlfin] швартовный пал

obtain [əb'tein] получать

permit [pə 'mit] разрешать, позволять

private ['praivit] частный

protect [prə'tekt] защищать

refuge ['refju:dʒ] укрытие, убежище

remain [ri'mein] оставаться

reserve [ri'zə:v] запасной

shelter ['∫eltə] укрытие, убежище; защищать

swing (swung) [swiŋ] поворот; размах; колебаться

vicinity [vi'siniti] соседство, близость

wind [wind] ветер

fair wind [feə] благоприятный (попутный) ветер

foul wind [faul] встречный ветер

offshore wind ['ɔf '∫ɔ:] ветер, дующий с берега на море

onshore wind ['ɔn'∫ɔ:] ветер, дующий к берегу

Memorize the translation of the following sentences:

1. with northerly wind при северном ветре

2. close northward of N. непосредственно к северу

от Н.

3. off the southern side of K. мористее южной стороны

К.

4. at high (low) water в полную (малую) воду

5. to send in a heavy (considerable) sea вызывать большое

(значительное) волнение

6. in the same direction в том же направлении

7. in the opposite direction в противоположном

направлении

8. to seek shelter искать укрытия

9. to anchor closer in становиться на якорь

ближе к берегу

10. to anchor with the tower bearing about 89º стать на якорь, имея

башню на пеленге около

89º

11. .depths are liable to change глубины подвержены

изменению

12.to make a cross sea вызывать нерегулярное

волнение

WORD BUILDING

Useful information. Remember it:

TEXT

1. Anchorage may be obtained 2 miles S of the harbour entrance, in depths of 5 to 7 m, stiff blue clay. The anchorage is sheltered, particularly from the W and SW by The Owers (50º 40'N, 0º40' W), which acts as a natural breakwater.

2. Good anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of about 7 m in Seaford Road on the alignment 109º of the foot of Seaford Cliff with Beachy Head Old Lighthouse and Seaford Church tower bearing 055º. The anchorage is clear of the track of cross channel ferries using Newhaven and sheltered from winds from the ESE through N to WNW.

3. Anchorage may be obtained in West Road (50º 54' N, 0º 54' E) in depth of 8 m, fine sand over clay and mud, good holding ground, provides shelter between N and E. The recommended position is within Stephenson Shoal 250º 3 miles from Dungeness New Lighthouse.

4. Anchorage is available in Eastbourne Bay (50º 46' N, 0º 19' E) in depth of 9 m, sand and mud, good holding ground. The recommended position is 132º 8 cables from the pierhead. The anchorage is sheltered from the W, through N to NE.

5. Anchorage is available off Hastings, but it is open and not recommended except in fair weather. The best anchorage, in depth of about 6 m, sand and mud, is 6 cables S of Hastings Pier (50º 51' N, 0º 34' E).

6. East Road is sheltered from the SW through W to N. The recommended anchorage is N of Swallow Bank and E of Roar Bank, depths 12 to 18 m, in the red sector of Dungeness Light, bearing about 206º.

7. There is good holding ground in East Wear Bay, which lies between Abbot’s Cliff and Copt Point. The shore of the bay is flat and covered with large stones, which make landing difficult at LW. However the bay is only sheltered from the W by Copt Point and Copt Rocks, and should only be used as a temporary anchorage. The best berth is in the middle of the bay in depths of about 9 m.

8. There is an anchorage area in Outer Harbour lying parallel to and between 2 and 3½ cables NW of Southern Breakwater. Depths are generally greater than 6 m but liable to change. The holding ground is fairly good, although caution is required in strong winds. Vessels should not anchor outside the designated anchorage area.

9. Holding ground is not good in parts of The Downs in particular S of Goodwin Fork Light-buoy. Recommended anchorages are: on the W side of the charted anchorage (51º 13' N, 1º 26'E) for large vessels in depths of 12·5 m with South Foreland Lighthouse bearing 208º and Deal Castle bearing 290º. In depths of 12·5 m with Walmer Castle bearing 295º, 11 cables as indicated on the chart.

10. The coast in the vicinity of Fecamp is exposed and anchoring is not recommended. There is a waiting anchorage centered 1·2 miles W of Jetee Nord Light, in depths from 10 to 16 m, sand and shells, bad holding ground. The anchorage is exposed to winds from the SW through N to NE. The sea rises rapidly and vessels should only anchor in fine weather.

11. The anchorage for vessels waiting to enter the Dieppe is in the vicinity of D1 Light-buoy (E cardinal), bottom sand and shingle or sand and shells, good holding ground. The sea bottom within a radius of 1 mile from the buoy was systematically surveyed by sonar for any obstructions in 1981. The anchorage is exposed to winds from the W through N to NE, and in such conditions vessels may find it preferable to lie or seek shelter elsewhere.

12. Anchorage, at position indicated on the chart, may be obtained 1¼ miles NW of the harbour entrance in depth of 6 to 8 m, bottom sand and shells. The anchorage should only be used by vessels, waiting to enter the port and not tenable in strong onshore winds.

13. The recommended anchorage is located between the meridians of 1º 47' E and 1º 48 ' E and between the Ridens de Calais and Ridens de la Rade. The holding ground, sand and shells, is reported to be good. In strong N wind, vessels unable to enter Calais may seek shelter off the SE coast of England, in either The Downs or Dungeness. Prohibited anchorage areas lie to the NW of the harbour entrance, and in the cable area off Sangatte.

14. Anchorage may be obtained in Westdiep in depths from 9 to 16 m, clear of the cables shown on the chart. There is some protection from seaward provided by Banc Small and Neuwpoort Bank.

15. Grote Rede provides anchorage in depths from 8 to 10 m, sand and mud. A good berth is 313º from Oostende Cathedral twin spires distant 2¾ miles. A second anchorage, 5 cables to the SE, holding ground is indifferent, especially near the harbour entrance and it should only be used as a temporary anchorage for vessels about to enter harbour.

16. The anchorage is primarily intended for tankers and vessels carrying dangerous cargoes, who should anchor W of W 8 light-buoy, but may be used by other vessels in an emergency. The holding ground is not good and the anchorage should not be used in bad weather. The limits of the anchorage are marked by light-buoys and buoys.

17. Wielingen South anchorage is general purpose anchorage, intended mainly for vessels over 140 m in length waiting for the tide. The holding ground is not good and the anchorage should not be used in bad weather.

18. There is anchorage 2 miles ENE of the harbour entrance in depths of 8 m, clear of Wielingen and the area in which anchoring and fishing is prohibited, 2½ miles E of the harbour entrance and shown on the chart. The latter area has been used for dumping explosives.

19. There is an anchorage area 5 miles ENE of Steenbank Pilot Station, which is used by vessels waiting to enter Westerschelde. Depths in the area are greater than 20 m and the bottom is coarse sand and shells. The N corner of the area is marked by SB – W Light-buoy (W cardinal), and the S corner by SB Anchor S Light-buoy (special). Vessels intending to use this anchorage should inform Steenbank pilot vessel.

20. Everingen provides a good anchorage in its W part. Five anchor berths, A to E, are shown on the chart. The berths may be used by any vessels, but A is normally reserved for gas carries or tankers not declared gas free.

21. Put van Terneuzen provides good anchorage for vessels when W winds make anchorage in Rede van Vlissingen unsuitable. The anchorage may be used by vessels up to 290 in length. The berths are lettered A, B, and C.

22. Anchorage is not indicated on the chart and is normally used in emergency lies in the red sector of Plaat Light-beacon. Depths within the anchorage are liable to change and there are strong tides.

23. Small craft anchorage is established on the W bank of the river running 1·3 miles SE from Imalso Yacht Harbour, with Saint Anna Pier situated centrally in the area. The E limit of the anchorage is marked by buoys and light-buoys (special) and the anchorage area also in the red sector of the light on Saint Anna Pier. The area is divided into three sections, whose limits are indicated by beacons on the W bank. The centre section is reserved for Government vessels.

24. DW1 is a long term anchorage for deep draught vessels on the NW side of Noord Hinder Junction Precautionary Area. Vessels may remain at anchor in this area under the most extreme conditions. DW2 is a short term anchorage for deep draught vessels waiting for the tide or a pilot. It lies in the center of Maas and is marked by light-buoys (special) at its NE and SW corners.

25. There is well sheltered anchorage in Wallet during SE and SW gales, with the sands acting as breakwaters, leaving the sea smooth even when the banks are covered. A recommended berth is with Naze Tower bearing 354º, distant 3½miles in a depth of 9 m, bottom clay. The cable should be given plenty of scope to prevent dragging.

26. Peterhead Bay offers an anchorage in depths up to 12·5 m. The best holding ground is under the lee of the South Breakwater consisting of the sand over blue clay or mud with occasional boulders. While at anchor vessels must maintain a good lookout and continuous VHF radio watch and have their engines ready for immediate use.

27. Good anchorage, sheltered from NE winds is obtainable, but caution is necessary, as a bank with depths of less than 5 m fronts the head of the bay and extends as much as 3 cables from the E and S shore. The NE shore is steep-to. The best berth is in depths of 34 m about 6 cables SSW of Dalyan Burnu, as shown on the chart. In this position there is slack water and good protection from the swell from Marmara Denizi.

28. The head of Erdek Limani provides capacious anchorage and is calm in all except for SW winds. The holding ground is good everywhere, especially in the greater depths of the NW part. SW gales are rare in winter, but when they occur, are heavy.

29. Anchorage, with good holding ground in depths of between 18 and 36 m, may be found anywhere inside a line joining the entrance points. The best anchorage is towards the SE corner, in depths of 26m, mud and sand, with a chapel on a spur, N of Turan, bearing about 245º.

30. Anchorage, in good holding ground, may be obtained on the muddy bank which extends for 2 miles off the mouth of Karacabey Bogazi. A convenient berth may be found in a depth of 13 m with the W entrance point bearing 234º.

31. Vessels may anchor in depths of 14 m, mud, with Adar Burnu bearing 168º, distant 3¼ cables or in depths of 11 m, with the same point bearing 127º, distant 2¾ cables. Both these berths can be uncomfortable as they are exposed to the prevailing NE wind, which often blows with considerable force. Shelter for small craft can be found in the N part of the harbour in depths of 5 m.

32. Tendrovskiy Zaliv provides good anchorage with shelter from all but NW winds, which send in a considerable sea. The best berth is in depths of between 13 and 14 m, 1½ miles E of Tendrovskiy Light; stiff mud and large shells. Vessels can anchor close inshore, but should approach with caution as the shore is steep-to within 10 m.

EXERCISES

I. A. Learn the Speech Pattern:

1. Vessels are warned against anchoring in this position.

2. Vessels are warned against navigating in this area.

3. Vessels are warned against obstructing traffic during anchoring.

4. Vessels are warned against sailing in an inshore traffic zone.

5. Vessels are warned against crossing a separation line.

B. Make up your own sentences, using the following words:

overtake, leave, turn, remain, jettison, pass, approach, enter

II. Translate the following characteristics of the bottom:

1. a thin layer of weed

2. thick yellow mud

3. sand with a few patches of mud

4. weed on clay and mud

5. fine sand

6. good holding ground

7. bad holding ground

8. foul ground

9. boulders and weed

10. rocky patches

11. broken shells

12. thick black mud

13. excellent holding ground

14. uncertain holding ground

15. regular depths

16. irregular depths

17. even bottom

18. uneven bottom

19. sand and shingle

20. sticky or stiff mud

21. muddy bottom

22. coarse sand and shells

23. hard chalk

24. indifferent holding ground

III. Give the English equivalents to the following:

1. защищенная якорная стоянка 2.частный причал 3. границы якорной стоянки 4. суда с большой осадкой 5. вызывать сильное волнение моря 6. место, предназначенное для разворота 7. заметный объект 8. заграждать вход в порт

9. требуется проявлять повышенную осторожность при сильном ветре 10. надежная якорная стоянка 11. знание местных условий 12. избегать постановки на якорь 13. становиться на якорь ближе к берегу 14. свалка взрывчатых веществ.

IV. Translate the following into Russian; take into the account the use of the Complex Subject:

1.The holding ground is reported to be bad in places. 2. The depths are reported to be somewhat greater than shown on the chart. 3. Good shelter from all winds is reported to be abreast of the settlement. 4. The bottom is reported to consist of sand and weed with rocky patches. 5. The anchorage is reported to be obtained off the village in a depth of 10 m. 6. Fishing boats are reported to shelter in a small cove. 7. The harbour is reported to be safe in all weathers. 8. The bend in the channel off Bath is reported to be difficult for long and deep draft vessels. 9. The inner basin is entered through locks on the E side of the marina, which are reported to fill and empty rapidly.

V. Use the Passive Voice for the verbs in brackets:

1. The anchorage recently (to use) for local craft. 2. Anchorage can (to obtain) in a depth of 29 m. 3. Anchorage should (to avoid) near the area of foul ground. 4. The best berth (to indicate) on the plan. 5. Violent gusts (to experience) during NE winds. 6. The area within the mole (to dredge) in 1998. 7. The coast should not (to approach) within a distance of 1 mile. 8. The coast (to fringe) by a narrow rocky bank, which should (to give) a wide birth. 9. Mooring buoys (to lay) in the anchorage. 10. The buoys (to number) and (to light). 11. The anchorage (to expose) to full force winds. 12. Anchoring also (to prohibit) in an irregular area stretching S to the shore from a line joining Karang Pipa. 13. Anchorage areas (to permit) for various types of vessels. 14. Vessels which cannot obtain an alongside berth (to moor) to buoys within Outer Harbour at which an anchor (to use) usually. 15. Anchoring only (to undertake) during daylight hours. 16. Good anchorage, in a depth of 7 m (to afford) for small vessels anywhere in Teluk. 17. Anchorage (to limit) to vessels waiting to enter the harbour. 18. Vessels (to advise) to anchor at slack water.

VI. Translate into Russian. Do it in writing:

1.The anchorage is exposed to full force of SE winds.2. The anchorage may accommodate ten vessels.3. The anchorage is approached, by passing W of Nisis Point. 4. To obtain anchorage local knowledge is necessary. 5. The anchorage is prohibited within 10 m of submarine cable. 6. Proceeding to the anchorage care must be taken to avoid rocky shoal. 7. Small vessels can anchor closer inshore. 8. Depths in the gulf are generally too great for anchoring. 9. Anchorage may be obtained as convenient on a bottom of firm sand. 10. The bottom is sand and the holding ground is good. 11. Swinging room is very limited and the anchorage is exposed to winds between NE and E. 12. The Scirocco causes a rolling sea in the bay, but does not make the anchorage untenable. 13. The berth is not very safe as the bottom slopes very steepy to seaward. 14. For other than temporary anchorage the recommended berth is off a short pier at K. 15. The holding ground is variable. 16. Small craft can obtain sheltered anchorage in the lee of the harbour moles. 17. The anchorage is open between NE and SE, and the bottom of boulders and weed affords poor holding. 18. Heavy squalls sometimes blow through the valley at the SE head of the bay with sufficient force to cause a vessel at anchor to drag. 19. The holding ground at the anchorage is only moderate, and it is essential to veer a good scope of a cable.

20. Anchorage may be obtained as convenient, taking care to avoid charted dangers lying as much as 7 cables offshore. 21. The holding ground is excellent, and with ordinary precautions, vessels never drag their anchors.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What kinds of anchorages do you know?

2. What kinds of ground are considered good (bad) holding ground?

3. What do we mean by “local knowledge”?

4. What should be done if an anchor drags while anchoring?

5. When does a vessel moor to a mooring buoy?

6. Is anchoring dangerous with strong winds? Why?

7. What do we mean by ‘exposed anchorage’, ‘sheltered anchorage’, ‘temporary anchorage’?

8. Do you see the difference between ‘anchor drags’ and ‘anchor dredges’?

VIII. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing:

1. Бухта предоставляет хорошую защиту при всех ветрах, за исключением северо-западных.

2. Якорная стоянка может быть получена судами знакомыми с местными условиями плавания.

3. Дальше от берега дно скалистое и непригодное для постановки на якорь.

4. Якорная стоянка здесь небезопасна даже при умеренном ветре, т.к. грунт плохо держит якорь.

5. Далеко ли до якорной стоянки? Я хочу стать на якорь до наступления темноты.

6. Это хорошая якорная стоянка для судов, ищущих укрытия во время сильных северных ветров.

7. Имеется хорошая якорная стоянка на траверзе церкви в 3 кабельтовых от берега.

8. Позиция якорной стоянки может быть хорошо видна на карте.

9. Судам не разрешается выходить за границы якорной стоянки.

10. Якорная стоянка запрещена из-за наличия подводного силового кабеля.

11. К якорной стоянке можно подойти с юго-запада по каналу Фариос.

12. Глубоководные суда при следовании на якорную стоянку должны проявлять осторожность, чтобы обойти восьмиметровую отличительную глубину, лежащую в 1½ кабельтовых к северо-западу от острова.

13. Постановка на якорь в пределах границ порта запрещена без разрешения администрации порта.

14. Якорная стоянка небезопасна при прижимном ветре.

15. При данных условиях целесообразно стать на якорь в северо-западной части бухты.

IX. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russian:

cS; soM; Cy; St; G.Co; P.Sh; f S.M.Sh; bkSh; sfM; mS.Wd; sy M.

X. Describe the quality of the bottom given on the chart:

DIRECTIONS.

НАСТАВЛЕНИЯ.

VOCABULARY

access ['ækses] подход; проход; доступ

accessible [ək' sesəbl] доступный, удобный

adjust [ə'dʒ⋀st] приводить в соответствие; регулировать

align [ə' lain] приводить в створ

alignment [ə' lainmənt] створ

appear [ə' piə] появляться

artificial [a:ti' fi∫əl] искусственный

border [' bɔ:də] граница, край; граничить, окаймлять

chart datum [t∫a:t 'deitəm] ноль карты, ноль глубин

degaussing [di: 'gausiŋ] размагничивание (судна)

disappear [disə'piə] исчезать

distinguish [dis'tiŋgwi∫] различать

dyke [daik] дамба

embark [im'ba:k] производить посадку на судно

embarkation point [emba: 'kei∫n] место посадки на судно

encumber [in'k⋀mbə] заграждать; затруднять

estuary ['estjuəri] устье; водоотвод

exceed [ik'si:d] превышать

extend [iks'tend] простираться

former ['fɔ:mə] прежний; предшествующий

the former первый (из двух названых)

foul ['faul] запутаться (о кабеле, цепи, снасти); нечистый

identify [ai'dentifai] определять

the latter ['lætə] последний (из двух названых))

lead [li:d] вести, приводить

leading line (lights) ['li:diŋ 'lain] створная линия (- ые огни)

merge [mə:dʒ] соединять (-ся)

narrow ['nærəu] узкий; сужаться

obstruct [əb'str⋀kt] заграждать

outfall [aut' fɔ:l] устье

overlap [əuvə' læp] перекрытие

precautionary area [pri'kɔ:∫nəri 'eəriə] район повышенного внимания

reduce [ri' dju:s] снижать

restricted visibility [ris'triktid vizi'biliti] ограниченная видимость

restriction [ris'trik∫ən] ограничение

route [ru:t] маршрут

traffic flow (lane) ['tr æfik 'flou] поток движения, (полоса движения)

whence [wens ] откуда

run [r⋀n] направляться

significant [sig'nifikənt] значительный

speed [spi:d] скорость

full s. [ful] полный ход

reasonable s. ['ri:znəbl] обоснованный ход, скорость

reduced s. [ri' dju:st] уменьшенная скорость

safe s. [seif] безопасная скорость

slow s. [sləu] малая скорость, ход

survey ['sə:vei] осмотр; обследование

thence [ðens] оттуда; отсюда

track [træk] путь; курс

via ['vaiə] через

Other expressions

to bear in mind – помнить; иметь в виду

to cause a heavy scend – вызывать сильную вертикальную качку

favourable time – удобное время

general direction of traffic flow – общее направление потока движения

impede the entry of a vessel – затруднять вход судна

it’s practicable – практически возможно

separation zone – зона разделения

signals prescribed in Rule– cигналы, предписанные правилом

to comply with – исполнять (требования); соответствовать

to give way to other vessels – уступать путь другому судну

to impede the safe passage – затруднять безопасное прохождение

to relieve – сменять, освобождать

to report smb.’s intentions – сообщать ч-л намерения

to show appropriate signals – выставлять соответствующие сигналы

vessel constrained by her draft – судно, стесненное своей осадкой

to cause a heavy scend – вызывать сильную вертикальную качку

Memorize the translation of the following sentences:

1. Bring the tower to bear 23º. Привести башню на пеленг 23º.

2. Care must be taken to avoid this shoal! Следует принять меры, чтобы

обойти эту мель!

3. Course should be steered for this light! Следует держать курс на этот

огонь!

4. Keep abeam (abreast)! Держитесь на траверзе!

5. Keep closer to the shore! Держитесь ближе к берегу!

6. Keep further from the shore! Держитесь дальше от берега!

7. Keep an offing! Держитесь вдали от берега!

8. Keep to the starboard side of Держитесь правой стороны

the fairway! фарватера!

9. Keep the light open! Держитесь в пределах сектора

освещенного огня (маяка)!

10. Keep the objects in line! Держите объекты в створе!

11. Keep this mark astern! Держите этот знак по корме!

12. Proceed with this mark astern! Следуйте, имея этот знак по корме!

13. Soundings cannot be depended on! Глубины недостоверны (на

глубины

нельзя полагаться)!

14. Steer for the tower! Держите курс на башню!

15. The fairway must be steered for! Следует править по фарватеру!

WORD BUILDING

TEXT

1. From a position off the rocky peninsula of Buchan Ness the coastal passage leads 22 miles SSW running parallel to the coast, to the Fairway Light-buoy off the entrance to Aberdeen Harbour, passing ESE of Ward Point (4 miles SSW) , the N entrance point of Bay of Cruden. Castle ruins lie close N from Slains Lodge, a large rectangular building stands 7½ cables N of the point.

2. There is usually 3·4 m over Newburgh Bar but the channel is constantly changing and should not be attempted without local knowledge. From a position about 1 mile ENE of Downie Point the route leads WSW within the white sector of the Outer Breakwater Light (post, 2 m in height), passing SSE of a 4 m shoal (3 cables ENE); thence: about 1 cable NNW of Downie Point rocky ledges run WSW of the point.

3. The entrance channel is marked by beacons. The alignment (358º) of the leading lights leads through the harbour entrance, which lies between the W pier and the E breakwater.

4. The alignment (271 ½º) of the leading lights leads to the harbour entrance and through the outer part of the narrow channel, passing N of Scurdie Ness Lighthouse (6·5 cables ESE) and the front beacon (5 cables ESE) marking the clearing bearing for Scurdie Rocks. The coast to the W of Scurdie Ness is fringed by shingle and rocky ledges,up to a cable offshore.

Scurdie Ness Lighthouse

(Original dated prior to 1990)

5. From the vicinity of fairway Light-buoy (safe water) the route leads SW thence W to a position in the channel S of Buddon Ness, passing over The Bar (3 miles ENE), passing between Middle Light-buoys (port hand and starboard hand), which are 2½ cables apart, thence NW of Elbow (92 miles SE), spit extending 3 miles ENE from Abertay Sands, with depths of less than 5 m.

6. From a position NNE of Long Pier the approach lies close to the SE of the pierhead, about 16 m off, thence close S of Long Pier and parallel to it and to the N of the ledges on the S side of the channel.

7. The harbour entrance, 24 m wide, faces N and has depths of 5 m at HW springs. The approach to the entrance is on a track of 160º passing close W of Corsik Rock which lies 2 cables NNE of E pierhead.

8. The entrance, between two curved piers, is 19 m wide facing NW and has depths of 4 m at HW springs. There is unmarked approach channel with depths of 3 m and a light tower on the E pierhead.

9. Channel for vessels of less than 10 m draught commences close S of Fairway Light-buoy and runs 4½ miles SW through South Channel and Narrow Deep to a position SE of Inchkeith Lighthouse, passing NW of the South Channel Approach Light-buoy (safe water).

10. Vessels bound for Granton should approach through South Channel and Narrow Deep, as for Leith, passing to the N of Leith Approach Light-buoy (port hand) and thence S of the small vessel anchorage to a position N of the harbour entrance. Thence the route is S, passing E of the long sea outfall marked at its seaward end by a buoy (white can, X topmark), to the harbour entrance.

11. From the deep draught channel immediately S of Burntisland, the route leads N for 1·1 miles to the harbour entrance, passing through the anchorage at reduced speed, thence E of the degaussing ranges. Vessels bound for West Dock should be under way before half-flood, and be ready to enter as soon as required, otherwise the Harbour Master must be informed.

12. From a position at the W end of the approach channel the track leads 3 cables SW between the protecting approach jetties and thence to the lock entrance. The lock is 238m long, 31 m wide and lies on a charted axis 062º/242º.

From a position close E of Maw Carr (150 m NNW of the entrance), a reddish rock with vertical sides, the alignment of the leading lights within the harbour leads to harbour entrance.

13. When approaching from the S the line of bearing 300ºof Black Rocks Point Light, which is also the left hand limit of a green sector of the light, passes NE of Carr End and Southern Rock.

14. From a position in Alnmouth Bay to the NNE of the entrance the line of bearing 190º of the spire leads to a position ENE of the entrance, passing through the anchorage, thence: W of Pan Bush (6½ cables NNE), a rocky shoal which lies at the N end of a rocky spit.

15. The line of bearing 251º of Old North Pierhead, on which stands a light (yellow metal tower, 8 m in height), leads through the Outer Harbour entrance whence the track alters WSW for the Inner Harbour entrance, passing SSE of the wreckage (6 cables ENE), least depth 6 m.

16. There is direct access to the riverside berths from the River Humber. From the River Humber the access to Immingham Dock is through an entrance lock, which is approached between Eastern and Western Jetties. The entrance lock has a length of 256 m, width 27·4 m and there is a depth over the inner sill of 11·3 m at MHWS and 9·9 m at MHWN. Depths in the entrance to Immingham Dock vary. The Dock Master should be consulted for the latest information.

17.Goole Docks are entered from the River Ouse via three locks of the following dimensions: Ocean Lock: length 104 m, width 24·4 m, depth over sill at

MHWN 6 m. Ouse Lock : length 73 m, width 17·7 m, depth over sill at MHWN 4·9 m. The locks are operated from approximately 2½ hours before HW to 1½ hours after HW at Goole.

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