Now try to translate a summary of a scientific paper from Rus-sian into English.
Данное издание является первой попыткой систематизации и обобще-ния всего опыта белорусской философской, религиозной и культурной мысли XX столетия. Его контекст и критерий отбора фактографического материала определила проблема Беларуси как эпицентра культурно-цивилизационного взаимодействия Востока и Запада.
В антологии представлены концепции, точки зрения и суждения вид-ных белорусских мыслителей, православных и католических деятелей, писателей, ученых, публицистов и политиков, затрагивающие комплекс проблем и вопросов геокультурологического характера.
Особое внимание в публикации отведено проблеме определения куль-турно-цивилизационных основ белорусского этноса и народа, рассмот-рению ключевых факторов формирования и этапов развития националь-ного самосознания.
Книга знакомит с белорусским видением и глубиной понимания сущ-ности, форм и последствий влияния и взаимодействия исторических, ре-лигиозных и культурных традиций Востока и Запада в белорусском прошлом и настоящем.
SECTION VII
RESEARCH PAPER
The final aim of post-graduates studies is submission of the dissertation for hearing at the session of the Academic Council. On the eve of the defense procedure abstract of the thesis is to be issued, it being a digest of the research made. In the abstract a researcher is to present certain scientific points since ab-stracts are designed in accordance with the established pattern. Thus, you should be able to state the purpose of your investiga-tion, define its subject, object, describe the methods applied, to ground its topicality and novelty, underline the results ob-tained, state your personal findings, the practical value and possibilities for further research and application.
In the present section we’ll introduce to you the lexical means to help you speak on the topic of your research and supply you with the extractions from scientific papers on the issue in ques-tion.
1. Presenting the topic of your research.
| n.: | study, investigation, research, paper |
| v.: | to deal with, to be devoted (to), to study, to investigate, to undertake, to examine |
| adj.: | detailed, thorough, extensive, comprehensive, preliminary, brief |
| adv.: | in detail, thoroughly, carefully, accurately |
The paper deals with… The study is devoted to… The investigation studies…
The research of … is dealt with in the paper.
An extensive study of the problem of… has been undertaken in the paper. A comprehensive analysis of … has been presented in the research.
The case of … has been thoroughly studied in the research. The investigation deals with…
… are dealt with in detail in the present research.
2. Defining the purpose of the research.
| n.: | aim, purpose, task |
| v.: | to determine, to reveal, to establish, to describe, to provide, to present, to be |
| designed (for) …, to be intended…, to be aimed (at) … . |
| adj.: | main, chief, primary, principal |
| conj.: | in order, so that |
The aim of the study is to determine the value … The research is aimed at revealing the ways of …
The main purpose of the paper is to establish the regularities in … / the differ-ence in …
The investigation is designed to simplify the procedure of …
The chief task of the research is to reveal the causes of…/ the essence of … The research is intended for eliminating ambiguity … / undesirable effect … The research is aimed at providing evidence for … / new facts in support of … The aim of the investigation is to present systematic description of …
3. Explaining the topicality and novelty of the research:
| n.: | topicality, novelty, advantage, merit, comparison (of … with), innovation |
| v.: | present, offer, combine, compose, resemble |
| adj.: | fundamental, chief, main, essential, obvious, certain, ordinary, standard, former, |
| previous, expected, analogous (to), similar (to), identical (with) | |
| adv.: | formerly, previously, usually, commonly (used) |
We offer a fundamentally new approach… The essential merit of our work is …
The approach is not similar to that previously used … The novelty of the research can be seen …
The research compares favorably with … Explanation is offered for …
Since previous works suffered from considerable limitations … We tried to interpret the phenomenon of …
We intended to overcome the difficulty of …
Advantages and limitations of … are discussed for the first time …
In contrast to identical works in the field of … our understanding provides … As opposed to commonly recognized classification …
Unlike commonly recognized definition of …
4. Describing methods applied.
| n.: | method, technique, approach, procedure |
| v.: | apply, present, follow, employ, use, allow, permit |
| adj.: | general, main, additional, modern, appropriate, reliable, effective, improved, |
| promising, adequate, up-to-date, conventional, unconventional |
Modern methods of scientific analysis have been applied… Unconventional approach to … has been presented in the paper. Appropriate technique has been used …
Reliable methods of analyzing facts of … The comparative method is useful in …
Methods of empirical and systematic analysis were used … The approach is especially helpful when …
The approach is more flexible and permits …
The methods of synchronic and diachronic analysis used in the study al-low/permit…
The technique is best suited in evaluating …
Comparison is made of the method generally adopted with that used in the in-vestigation.
We have applied an alternative method which …
5. Describing your findings.
| n.: | theory, hypothesis, correlation, discrepancy, assumption, findings, data, |
| evidence, viewpoint, model, function, basis, dependence, influence, ef- | |
| fect, interrelations | |
| v.: | assume, present, provide, report, check, produce, verify, extend (to), |
| find, establish, generate, produce, reveal | |
| adj.: | primary, simple, complicated, accurate, satisfactory, certain, preliminary, |
| convincing, contradictory, ambiguous, similar, general, complete, full, | |
| variable | |
| adv.: | especially, particularly, specially |
It was found that …
The data obtained enables us to determine the nature of … Our findings provide evidence for …
Our findings make possible the application of …
An analysis of … indicated that …, which made is possible … The principal advantage of the approach based on …
Of special importance for … is … Of particular value for … is …
The present observation supports the viewpoint … Obviously, it’s due to the fact that …
The influence of … on … has been revealed. Little dependence of … on … has been observed. This phenomenon is closely connected with … The validity of the assumption was questioned … The study has revealed a better understanding of … based on …
These discrepancies are caused by … The findings are in agreement with …
Certain correlation between … and … has been established.
From the analysis of the data it was determined that …
6. Recommendations for further application and research.
| n.: | application, use |
| v.: | apply, use, suit, fit, enable, employ, permit, allow, serve |
| adj.: | helpful, applicable, wide, promising, limited, possible |
The findings may find practical application in … The present investigation enables as …
This approach is applicable to …
The method can be used in the studies on …
The approach is best suited for the investigation of … The findings are especially helpful when …
Another method of treating … is recommended. The approach will make it possible to …
Our observations can be particularly efficient when investigating…/for the study of …
We make a suggestion as to how …
… can be used (can be of use) if we study …
… can be helpful to determine …
It is suggested that … should be
7. Reporting on the results of your research, drawing conclusions.
| n.: | result, conclusion, viewpoint, opinion, assumption, correctness, proof, evi- |
| dence | |
| v.: | obtain, present, provide, report, check, collect, summarize, sum up, find, ex- |
| tend (to), state, confirm | |
| adj.: | final, certain, complicated, convincing, satisfactory |
It has been shown that … It’s concluded that …
The results obtained show/confirm/indicate …/… made it possible to con-clude/to draw a conclusion that …
Thus, it may be stated that …
Therefore we came to a conclusion that … The above said led us to a conclusion … As a consequence, a conclusion is made … Results from experiments prove …
These factors are shown to be irrelevant to …
… were described with particular emphasis on … New data on … were obtained.
As a result of the investigation it was observed …
As a result of the study some practical recommendations can be given. The results indicate that additional work is needed to improve…
We reported our results at …
In the extraction from scientific prose given below we hope not only lawyers but other categories of researchers will find useful expressions to speak about the aims of one’s research. Find the essentials underlined for you.
The problem of crime is not new to our time, but its challenge has, in our age, progressed to increasingly disturbing proportions. For thousands of years a great many thinkers have tried to deal with this major social issue, but it is in our generation that crime has become everybody’s concern. The ever-increasing rate and the expanded variety of lawbreaking have made virtually all of us potential victims. Thus, it is not really surprising that, in this flourish-ing era of criminal activity, a bewildering array of criminology textbooks have offered themselves to illuminate the crime problem. This volume proposes tobelong to that category of books.
This text, however, ventures to deviate in intent and orientation from most of the standard works in the field. Criminology textbooks have traditionally been of ambitious length in an attempt to cover the fullest possible scope and, perhaps, to create the illusion of presenting all relevant knowledge. Oddly enough, they might include swiftly changing statistical information, short-lived research results, and ephemeral theoretical constructs.
This paper is not intended to provide a comprehensive treatment of all de-tails and minutiae of the problem of crime. Instead, by drawing only essentialoutlines, it attempts to concentrate on a general and comprehensive under-standing of the whole.