The head of the state is the President
The United States of America is a federative republic.
Since 1959 the Federation comprises 50 states.
The president is the head of the state and executive body. He is also the commander-in-chief of the army and Navy of the USA. The president and vice-president are elected for a term of four years.
All the legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 senators and 435 members in the House of Representatives. Two Senators from each state are elected by popular vote for a term of six years, the Representatives are elected for two-year term. Both houses must approve the bill for it to become a law.
An essential role in the US political system is played by the Supreme Court, which may declare a law, passed by Congress, to be contradictory to the Constitution of the country.
The various states have legislative and executive bodies of their own. Their structure, function and competence are determined by the Constitution of each state. There is an elected governor at the head of each state. States enjoy independence in their domestic affairs, including financial matters. However, state laws and actions of state authorities must not conflict with the Constitution of the USA.
Политическая система США
Соединенные Штаты Америки являются федеративной республикой.
С 1959 года Федерация состоит из 50 штатов.
Президент является главой государства и исполнительной власти. Он также является Главнокомандующим армии и флота США. Президент и Вице-президент избираются сроком на четыре года.
Вся законодательная власть принадлежит Конгрессу США, который состоит из Сената и Палаты Представителей. Есть 100 сенаторов и 435 членов Палаты Представителей. Два сенатора от каждого штата, избирают всеобщим голосованием сроком на шесть лет, представителей избирают на двухлетний срок. Обе палаты должны утвердить законопроект, чтобы он стал законом.
Существенную роль в политической системе США играет Верховный суд, который может объявить закон, принятый конгрессом, противоречащим Конституции страны.
Различные штаты обладают своими собственными законодательными и исполнительными органами. Их структура, функции и компетенция определяются конституцией каждого штата. Во главе каждого государства есть избранный губернатор. Штаты пользуются независимостью в своих внутренних делах, включая финансовые вопросы. Тем не менее, законы штатов и действия государственных органов не должны противоречить Конституции США.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is Governed by the Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.
The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by he people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.
The executive power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet.
The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.
The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.
There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.
Political system
The head of the state is the President
The supreme body of the authority is two-chamber Parliament that consists of the Senate and the Mazhilis. Kazakhstan — the constitutional parliamentary-presidential republic. The president is the head of the state and chief supreme commander.
Executive authority
The President of Republic Kazakhstan is voted by full age citizens of Kazakhstan on general, equal, direct and secret vote basis. The President of Republic Kazakhstan is Nursultan Nazarbaev. The Presidents terms of limit are 5 years.
The executive authority is carried out by the government. The system of the executive branch of the government consists of the ministries, services and agencies. The head of the government — the prime minister Karim Masimov.
Legislative power
Legislature is brought into action the Parliament that consists of two Chambers: the Senate and the Mazhilis working on a regular basis.
The Senate is formed by the deputies represented in order of constitution law for two person out of each region, city of republican value and capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan (14 regions, 2 cities). Fifteen deputies of the Senate are appointed by the President in order to fulfill the representation for the Senate of national-cultural and other significant interests of a society.
The Mazhilis consists of the 107 deputies selected by the constitutional law. Terms of limit of deputies in Senate are six years, for deputies of Mazhilis – five years.
The Judicial Branch
Judicial system is a set of all courts of Kazakhstan.
The judicial system includes the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the local courts established according to the Constitution of RK and the Constitutional law.
To local courts concern:
Oblast (regional) courts and equal to them (city courts of cities of republican value and capital, specialized court — Military court of Republic Kazakhstan, specialized financial courts, etc.);
District (rayon) courts and equal to them courts (city, interdistrict, specialized court -military court of garrison and others).
In the Republic of Kazakhstan specialized courts (military, financial, economic, administrative, juvenale, etc.) can be created.
The set of mentioned RK’s courts is connected by the unity of issue on distribution of justice and functional form of acting.