What Singing Can Do for You
1. Drive away stress.
Singing for pleasure can mean getting in touch with emotions that you've tried to bury. Singing unlocks a feeling that you've had inside for ages allowing you to feel refreshed and renewed.
2. Give you more confidence.
You may not believe it, but singing can become addictive! Many singers are hooked: they say it (singing) gives them more confidence. Maybe you've enjoyed singing in the bath or in the car, but haven't had the confidence to sing in other situations. Very often you start off in a whisper but, by the end of the weekend, you're singing your heart out.
3. Boost your energy.
Singing has clear physical benefits as well. Specialists say that singing is a very physical activity. The key to doing it well is being able to breathe properly. Most people get into bad habits and breathe shallowly from the chest. But this is the least efficient way to get oxygen surging through the body because it doesn't put enough air into the lower lungs.
If you breathe fully through your nose, expanding the lower lungs exhaling fully, not only will you see an amazing transformation in your singing, but you'll also find that you have more energy and feel healthier in general. Singing tones up the diaphragm and all the muscles around the ribs and back. It also tones up the face muscles, which is why so many singers tend to look much younger than their actual age. And if you can't bear the thought of doing aerobic exercise, then this may be just the hobby for you!
Make you happier.
Singing enables you to express yourself, it involves a sense of emotional release. It creates a chemical reaction in the body involving the pleasure-producing networks which are part of the brain and the nervous system. As a result, there's an increased release of the body's natural pleasure-giving and pain-killing chemicals. So, now you know what singing can do to you and if you are tempted, there are lots of different ways of going about it: you can either find a singing teacher, take a correspondence course or join a singing group. Many people are shy at first — but they're soon singing with gusto and loving every minute of it. Now it's up to you!
B. Say how good you are at singing Discuss your ways of driving away stress, boosting your energy, making yourself feel happier
Ex. 598.Translate into English
1. He зная правил игры, они ушли, не приняв в ней участия. 2. Услышав новости, которые были потрясающими, она не могла не расплакаться от счастья. 3. Не настаивайте, чтобы я выступила. Я пришла, чтобы расслабиться. Я с таким нетерпением ждала этого события. 4. Наши партнеры, работавшие в Нидерландах, сейчас работают в Бельгии. 5. Нам нужно еще так много сделать, прежде чем мы уедем: почистить зимние вещи, подстричься, пройти техос мотр. 6. Малыш перестал плакать, только лишь koi да мать остановилась, чтобы купить ему шоколадку. 7. Вы можете избежать сложных ситуаций тем, что будете более терпеливы, сдержанны и находчивы. 8. Всегда неприятно, когда человек разговаривает, не глядя вам в глаза. 9. — Что-то мне не хочется се годня работать. Стоит ли вообще идти в офис? — Это тебе решать. 10. Мы поблагодарили его за то, что он помог нам. 11. Он определенно скоро придет. Он дос таточно умен, чтобы понять, что мы те люди, которые ему помогут. 12.Ее манера одеваться раздражает меня.
Eх. 599. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the verbals
1. When I was your age I didn't have time to worry about failing anyone. I had to succeed to survive. 2. After lunch Diana drove off to do some errands. I preferred to stay at home with Andrew, only to discover I was alone. 3. "You don't have to be sarcastic, Mai, and look, there are ways to make unusual situations work. Many ways." 4. Paul was domineering, bossy, he often felt the need to assert himself forcefully. He had made it clear who wore the trousers in their household. Emma had learned to let him have his way in most things, and he in turn, was wise enough never to interfere in her business. 5. As she continued to sew, she thought of her future. She had to work at the mill to earn a living and there was no one available to care for the child during the day. 6. And she knew that she could only rely on herself now to accomplish the tasks which would preserve her empire and her dynasty. To do that she had to live. And she thought to herself: The will to live is the strongest force in the world. 7. Without giving the landlady another glance, Emma mounted the stairs, her heart lifting. She certainly wasn't going to give Mrs. Daniel the satisfaction of seeing her reading a note from a man who was obviously not her husband.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Ex 600. Read the texts, translate them and comment on the verbals
1. Ernie told me that his job was community policing. I asked him what this involved. He explained, "You have your own special area which you have to patrol. It really means being on the beat: walking round, keeping your eyes open, making sure you know what's going on, chatting to people, basically trying to prevent crime." 2. She sounded fine and friendly, and Mary began to feel better and soon stopped crying. Martha went on talking as she finished her cleaning, but Mary looked out of the window in a bored way, and pretended not to listen.
3. Now the impulse to dream surged up again and I hungered for books, new ways of looking and seeing, it was not a matter of believing or disbelieving what I read, but of feeling something new, of being affected by something that made the world look different. 4. And to answer your question, I don't know what's going to happen. Being in love is one thing, getting married another. And there's so much to consider. 5. Being a single parent all those years had been a strain on her nerves at times, Meredith was the first to admit it. 6. She gripped the frame of her handbag tightly to stop her hands from shaking. But she could not afford to panic, not under any circumstances. So she immediately made a desperate effort to put it aside, to still her nerves.
7. "Time," he mused. "I didn't spend enough time with Adriana to get to know her properly. Marry in haste, repent at leisure," he recalled Teddy's words after his wedding. But his dearest Teddy loved and respected him far too much to interfere in his life, tell him what to do.
Ex. 601.Read the text and retell it paying attention to the use of moods, modal verbs, non-finite forms of the verbs
The Wheel of Fortune
I wish this summer could go on and on and on and I wish I could always be this happy. It seems that whenever you are sad or just normal, you're always wishing you were happy, but when you're happy, you start worrying about when all this happiness is going to end. At least that's the way I am. Already, I'm worrying that I'm too happy, and I'm either going to have to pay for this or it's all going to end real soon.
It reminds me of the wheel of fortune that Mrs. Zollar, our teacher, talked about. She said that Shakespeare and all his buddies believed in the wheel of fortune, that your luck kind of went round and round, and when you (or your luck) were at the top, everything would go right. But that it was inevitable that the wheel had to keep spinning, and sooner or later, you'd be at the bottom of the wheel, when everything would go badly. The only thing that kept people from jumping off cliffs when they were at the bottom of the wheel was knowing that sooner or later they would be at the top again. I feel as if the gods were going to spin my wheel any minute. Oh, please, let me stay where I am for a while! I also wish everyone's wheel were at the top at the same time. Beth Ann, for instance, is at the bottom of her wheel and she's driving me crazy. She must have called me ten times today to tell me about Derek. First she said that he was a complete creep and she never wanted to see him again and she cried. Then she called back and said that she loved him so much and maybe she could call him and tell him how much she missed him, and she cried. Get the picture?
Ex. 602. Open the brackets to make the story complete Retell it
Deciding the Future
Now Mr. Rochester was becoming angry, and he looked as if he (be) about (lose) control. But I knew I still had the power (calm) him. So I took his hand and stroked it, (say), "I do love you, but there is only one thing for me (do). I must (leave) you. If I (live) with you like that, I (be) your mistress." "Jane, I want you (listen) to my story. My father loved money very much and he hated the idea (divide) the family property, so he left it all to my elder brother. I (have to) marry a rich girl. Very soon I (discover) that my bride's mother was mad and that it ran in the family. We lived for four years. She was course and stupid, and her madness also made her violent. Well, in moments of despair I intended (shoot) myself, but in the end I decided (bring) the mad woman here. Once she nearly burnt me in my bed, and the second time she visited you. She must (remind) of her own wedding day at (see) your wedding dress. I travelled all over Europe, Jane, (look) for an ideal, for a woman (love). Finally, bitter and disappointed, I returned to Thornfield on a frosty winter afternoon. And when my horse slippeed and fell on the ice, a little figure appeared and insisted (help) me. Soon I began (depend) on you for my happiness."
"Don't talk any more of the past, sir," I said, (wipe) a secret tear from my eye. "No, Jane, it was stupid of me (marry) you like that without (explain). I should (confess) everything as I do now. I promise (love) you for ever." "No, sir, it (be) wicked to do what you want. You can only (trust) in God and yourself. Live without (do) wrong, and die (hope) to go to heaven." "But you have no family (offend) (live) with me!" He was beginning (sound) desperate. I knew that what he said was true. However, in my heart I also knew I had the right (leave). He seemed (read) my thoughts. (Rush) furiously across the room, he stared fiercely into my eyes. I stared firmly back at him. He (can) (break) me in two with one hand, but he (can) not (break) my spirit. "Goodbye, my dear master!" I said. "May God (protect) you!"
That night I only slept a little, (dream) of the red room at Gateshead. The moonlight shone into my bedroom, and suddenly I saw a white figure on the ceiling (look) down at me. It seemed (whisper) to my spirit, "Daughter, leave now before you are tempted (stay)." "Mother, I will," I answered. I woke up (find) that it was still night. I wrapped up some clothes in a parcel, and crept downstairs, (fear) lest Mr. Rochester (hear) me (leave) his house. While (go) down, I (can) (hear) my master (walk) up and down and (sigh). I could (find) heaven in this room if I (want). But I stopped (reproach) myself and went miserably out of the house.
(Walk) along on the road, I could not (help) (think) of Mr. Rochester's despair at (find) himself abandoned. I hated myself for (wound) him. I wanted desperately (be) with him, (comfort) him, but somehow I made myself (keep) (walk). When I heard a coach (pass) by, I arranged
(travel) on it as far as my money (allow). Inside the coach I cried the bitterest tears of my life.
(after Charlotte Bronte)
Ex. 603. Read and translate the sentences Find and comment on moods, modals and verbals in them
1.1 am not used to using used cars. 2. It would please me enormously to have you as my guests. 3. Only an Englishman could have asked that question. 4. He could hear the phone ringing inside, but by the time he managed to get the door opened it had stopped. "Could it have been Maggie phoning from Scotland?" he wondered. 5. "You mustn't be negative, Amy," he replied gently , but firmly. "And you must keep your strength up. Not eating is the worst thing you can do. Why don't you let me make you something? I bought all sorts of special things you've always liked. I must make sure things keep running smoothly. I can't let anything slip,not now." 6. Jake was doing everything he could to help Amy, but she had to help herself. Her doctor had told him that a positive attitude could work wonders. He wished he could make Amy understand how important it was for her to look on the bright side of things to get better. 7. She looks as if butter wouldn't melt in her mouth, doesn't she? 8. He laughed and slapped his thigh, as if it were a huge joke. 9. He looked at me as if I had invited him to a funeral. His own. 10. Miss Trunchbull looked at Miss Honey. Miss Homey met her gaze without flinching. "I am telling you the truth," she said. "You must have knocked it over without knowing it. That sort of thing is easy to do."
Ex. 604. A. Read and translate the text Comment on the use of verbals
Green Peace
The scent of cigar smoke and freshly clipped grass are forever in my memory. I can't smell one without thinking of the other. Together, they always suggest Saturday mornings to me. That was when my father embarked on his weekly ritual mowing the lawn, striding behind the Того with a white Owl firmly clamped in his mouth. My cigar odyssey began more than twelve years ago, when as a young man of fifteen I would steal my father's cigars. For many years I watched the great men in my life celebrate their triumphs, and relax with a cigar. Consequently, I began to consider cigars as a symbol of success. Every evening I sit with a cigar in my hand and go over the day's activities in my mind. What I did do, and what I didn't do, and what I should have accomplished. A cigar gives me a chance to relax and think. Smoking a hand-rolled Cuban cigar is one of life's last great pleasures for me. My favourite setting for a smoke is after dinner with friends, sitting outside on the porch at a restaurant on Long Island, accompanied by a strong Colombian coffee. Occasionally, I share a smoke with my wife as I know I look good with a cigar. I should as well admit that my wife looks like a complete knockout with a cigar.
Yes, a good aged cigar is absolutely fantastic. I reserve some when I want to give myself a treat.
B. What's your attitude toward smoking? Discuss it in your group.
Ex. 605. A. Read the text and comment on the verbals.
Gardening
If you would be happy
for a week, take a wife;
if you would be happy
for a month, kill a pig;
but if you would be happy
all your life,
Plant a garden.
Every generation finds itself gravitating toward the ground as it grows older. Earlier in our lives we're focusing on our careers, our relationships and our kids. But as we grow older we find we've got more time
to pursue interests that simply make us feel good. And gardening offers almost instant gratification. At the same time, it allows us to enhance the value of our single biggest investment: our home.
It's only after we reach a certain age that we're ready for the emotional lift, the sense of security and accomplishment that gardening brings. Every generation reaches that point, but every generation does it differently. Gardens have always been the mirror of the times. From the walled pleasure gardens of ancient Persia to the formal gardens of Versailles to the colonial kitchen gardens of Williamsburg, if you want to know where the nation is — what is held dear in taste and style — look in the backyards.
Today, gardens, like cigars, have made a comeback. Gardens have changed a lot since then, but still more and more people are discovering that they are perfect places to enjoy a leisurely smoke. Gardens today are more like outdoor rooms. We don't want to spend a lot of time working in the garden. We've earned the right to enjoy it, so today's gardens are easier to maintain. The garden should reflect your style and taste. Gardens are never done. Gardening is not like architecture — you're allowed to change your mind, to pull something out and move it around. A garden gives you a feeling that you are in your own private world. That, after all, is the real reason for a garden, the true meaning of it is — a refuge. That's what gardens were in their earliest incarnations.
B. Have you heard the old English saying "She has green fingers"? To put it simply, the person is good at growing things, everything she plants comes popping out of the ground, and soon becomes the envy of the neighbourhood. Do you have green fingers? Exchange your ideas on gardening.
Ex. 606. Translate into English.
1. — Будь я врачом, я бы нашел лекарство от ста болезней. — В самом деле? Перестань говорить чепуху. Можно подумать, что никто никогда не пытался это сделать 2. Вы, кажется, приняли меня за моего брата-близнеца. Иначе вы бы меня не остановили. 3. Хозяин начал представлять гостей друг другу, словно они никогда раньше не встречались. 4. — Не могу противостоять искушению задать вам очень личный вопрос. Можно? — Вам следовало давно это сделать. У меня нет секретов, которые я мог бы скрывать. 5. Мы стояли на пустынной улице, не зная, что делать. Нужно было найти место, чтобы провести ночь. 6. Вы только посмотрите! Лекарство, выписанное врачом, совершило чудо. Малыш выглядит так, словно он абсолютно здоров, словно он не был болен целую неделю. 7. Пора тебе перестать подшучивать над младшей сестренкой! На твоем месте я бы ей помогла вчера решить задачу, и сейчас она не плакала бы над двойкой. 8. — Терпеть не могу опаздывать на занятия. — Хорошо бы все так относились к учебе. 9. Вам трудно угодить, мадам. И отрицать этого нельзя. 10. Современные города стали слишком большими, чтобы их можно было контролировать. И нам приходится очень дорого платить за привилегию жить в большом городе. 11. — Неужели ты в самом деле не прошла собеседование? Ты, должно быть, очень нервничала. Нужно было мне пойти с тобой. — Да нет, жаль, но я не подготовилась как следует. 12. Мы были счастливы, что нам вручили дипломы. Ничего не скажешь, мы их заслужили. 13. Они оба такие замечательные люди, но никак не могут найти общий язык. 14. Рок-концерт должен был состояться на стадионе, но, поскольку начался ливень, его перенесли на закрытую арену. 15. Хотел бы я быть садовником и превращать нашу землю в огромный цветущий сад!
Ex. 607. A. Read and translate the text
How to Date
(A Guide to Modern Living)
Dating is something that we just don't do. Not between adults. Dating people is for Americans. Which, if you think about it for a moment, is a bit unfair. Why should they have all the fun? So out for a little romance in your life: ask that person, whom in normal circumstances you'd go a long way to avoid, out for a date. Before you do, though, establish, what exactly is a date? Well, it doesn't involve sex — you're not feeling that desperate. Don't involve your friends; they'll only start treating your date as your partner (just to irritate you) and you don't want to encourage crazy ideas like that. Avoid dinner, for obvious reasons: a) expense; b) the awkward silences; c) your date might think it's "serious". Go to the cinema. Cheap, in the dark (no one can see you with your date) and it solves the conversation problem. On how many occasions can you date someone before they become your de facto boyfriend or girlfriend? The answer is three. Any more than that and they'll start developing unreasonable expectations of, for example, your talking to them.
The golden rule is to never kiss. A peck is acceptable, but only as you are about to dash in the opposite direction for the sanctuary of your home.
One of the main advantages of having a date is that you might be able to discourage other potential dates — all those dates you don't give a fig about — from asking you out on a date. "I'm sorry, I've got a date," is such a convenient and effortless way of giving the brush off to no-hopers.
So don't be dated, make a date with a date, and start enjoying life again!
B. Do you do any dating'? Who with and how often do you date
Ex. 608. A. See how verbals work to give you advice on how to stay calm and happy
Stride For Your Life
1. Walking is one of life's attitudes to stress. Its simple, requires no special training and is pleasurable. Its effect begins within the first 200 metres. Walk every day -_ not because you have to, but because it may be the most relaxing way to get from A to B.
Select Your Company Well
2. As harsh as it may sound, mixing with highly stressed people will make you feel stressed. On the other hand, mixing with calm people — even for the briefest period — will leave you feeling calm.
Sleep Like a Baby
3. Anything that interferes with your sleep — coffee, cola, alcohol — interferes with your ability to become calm. Do whatever is necessary to get as much sleep as you feel you need.
Wear Sensible Shoes
4. Any reflexologist will tell you that true relaxation begins at the feet. Wearing comfortable shoes is nearly as relaxing as wearing no shoes at all.
Ignore the Phone Once
5. You only have to leave a phone ringing once or twice in your life to understand that important calls always ring back. One less pressure in your life.
Go From A to В
6. While vitamin A foods enhance your ability to feel calm, it is the vitamin В foods that are known to have the most dynamic effect. Include beans, lentils, peas, nuts, seeds, wheatgerm, wholegrains, dairy foods in your diet.
Prune Pressure Phrases
7. Pressure phrases like "I have to", "I must", "I should", "I don't have the time", provoke feelings of stress. Replace them in your thoughts and speech with more relaxed phrases — "I may", "I choose to", "I will make the time".
Think Before You Buy
8. To avoid the stresses of debt, think about what you can afford to spend long before you think about what you'd like to buy.
B. Discuss in the group your ways of relaxing and staying calm
Ex. 609. Read the following and say what are your values and laws of life.
The world operates on spiritual principles,just as it does on the laws of physics and gravity. Following the laws of life will give you a greater chance of succeeding at anything you attempt to do.
1. Enthusiasmis a law of life. To be a success you must work with your whole heart. Work is the true elixir of life. The busiest man is the happiest man. Idleness warps the mind.
2. Energyis a law of life. Successful, deeply fulfilled people are constantly trying new things, searching for ways to improve what they are doing.
3. Humilityis a law of life. The teacher is in school to help students; students should be humble enough to realize that the teacher knows more than they do. They should learn at an early age to profit from the knowledge of parents and teachers.
4. Pleasingothers is a law of life. Now, of course, it's impossible to please everyone, but we will be more productive and successful if we try. That means pleasing your colleagues, pleasing your clients and customers.
5. Givingis a law of life. Successful people give and give still more; their giving is returned to them in full measure as it leads to success, both in worldly terms and spiritually. Every act of helping is a way of saying Yes to life. The best way to help yourself is to help others. Remember the concept that as you sow, so shall you reap.
6. Learningfrom others is a law of life. You can learn to assimilate the wisdom of many lives. It is possible to learn to avoid mistakes, and to put new virtues into practice. It is important to learn something new each day. Learning is a lifetime process. Don't end up like people who, upon graduating from high school, never read another book. We must continue to read, to learn, to experience new feelings and ideas. To show the initiative at an early age. To observe others. To listen carefully to others.
7. Altruismis a law of life. The altruistic person tries to make our world a better place to live in his individual way.
8. Valuetime. Time is the only one thing that can never be retrieved. One may lose and regain a friend; one may lose and regain money; opportunity once lost may come again; but the hours that are lost in idleness can never be brought back to be used.
9. One of the laws of life states that by expressing love, you attract love. To succeed in your career you must love yourself. All successful people radiate self-loveas well as love for others.
10. We live in a world and a time of spiralling progress. We are better educated, better fed, and better housed than any other people at any other time in the history of ttie world. One of the greatest secrets of success and progress is to understand our good fortune, and to continually use new methods, new ways of thinking. Whatever field you have chosen as a career, it is vital that you study hard,and try to become the most knowledgeable person in your field.
Part II
SYNTAX