She used to spend her holidays with her parents 4 страница
5. Will you be V-ingl Is used to ask about somebody's plans, especially if you want something or want them to do something.
- Will you be using your bicycle this evening? - No, I
won't.
- I wonder if I could borrow it for the afternoon?
Compare: He won't cut the grass, (means he refuses to cut it)
He won't be cutting the grass, (is a mere statement of fact, giving no information about his feelings)
He isn't cutting the grass, (implies a planned action)
NOTES:
Will future: expresses intention, belief, hope, and willingness.
Future Continuous: indicates future activity or event but does not express intention or willingness.
Practice
1. Read the text and analyze the tenses.
Your Horoscope Says ...
Strange and wonderful things are going to happen to you next week, and you are suddenly going to become President of a small distant oil-rich country. This time next week you'll be sitting in the Palace discussing important problems. But years ago, you treated somebody very badly. You thought they'd forgotten. No. They'll be looking for revenge this week. But in vain.
At last your talent, beauty, intelligence and human warmth are going to be properly recognized. This time tomorrow you'll be starting a new career. A tall handsome man wearing a uniform will come into your life. Somebody you have always been
strongly attracted to will be sending you an invitation. Be careful in your relationships. In the great supermarket of life, you have to pay for anything you break - including hearts.
Enjoy the excitement while it lasts; in a few weeks everything will be back to normal.
2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. I'm going on holiday. This time next week I (lie) on a beach or (swim) in the sea.
2. Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We (have) dinner then.
3. At 9 o'clock tomorrow he (be) in his office. He (work).
4. If you see Tim, can you ask him to phone me? - Sure. I (see) him at work, so I'll tell him then.
5. You (pass) the post office when you're out? - Probably. Why? -1 need some stamps. Could you buy me some?
6. What you (do) this time next week? - I (work). It'll be Saturday. I always work on Saturdays. - You (work) all day? -1 (work) till 5 o'clock.
7. Do you think he still (do) the same job after he (defend) his thesis?
8. If you need to contact Mr Green, he (stay) at the Lion Hotel until next Friday.
9. The children (stay) with their grandparents in the country for the next summer holidays.
10. I (see) him at the club tomorrow - he is usually there when I come.
11. Your stars say that this time tomorrow you (do) something you have never done in your life.
12. On Saturday there is no class. So next Saturday the children (not sit) in the classroom listening to the teacher. They (do) some other things. Ben (play) tennis and Ann (watch) all films on TV. When their parents come from work, the children (sleep).
13. I (revise) for my exams this weekend so I'll stay in on Sunday night.
14. Where you (stay) while you are in England? - At my friends !
15. Do you think you (do) anything interesting in five years' time?
16. She hopes she vearn) a lot of money as soon as she (receive) her degree.
17. Please note that we (hold) today's meeting in Room 20 and not in Room 19. Try not to be late.
18. You (see) either John or Jean tomorrow, by any chance. Ask them to call me tomorrow evening.
3. Put the verbs into the Present Continuous or the Future Continuous. It is often the case that either tense is correct. Choose the tense that you think is the most appropriate.
1. A: - You (see) Tony at work tomorrow?
B: -Yes, I will.
A: - Do you think you could give him a message for me?
2. A: - Where you (go) this summer?
B: - We (go) to the Pyrenees for a couple of weeks in July to do some walking.
3. A: - Have you read the notes for the meeting?
B: - No, not yet, but I (sit) on the train for three hours tomorrow, so I can do it then.
4. A: - What you (do) tonight? You (come) round to
Aida's with us?
B: - No, I don't think so. I (see) quite a lot of her at our play rehearsals next week.
5. A: - I must collect my new glasses from the optics.
B: - Do you want me to collect them? I (go) past there later on anyway.
6. A: - Can you post this letter for me on your way to
work?
B: - I'm sorry but I (not walk) past the post box this morning because Emma (give) me a lift to work I'll post it for you later on though.
4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous. Complete any short answers with will or won't.
1. A: - Would you like to come over for lunch on Saturday?
B: - Well unfortunately, I (work) all day Saturday.
A: - Oh, it's a pity. Well, you (have to come) over another day. I (talk) to Andy about it and I (phone) you on Sunday, (you be) in then?
B: - Yes, definitely. I (recover) from my week's work.
2. A: - You (go) to the meeting tonight? If so, I (give) you a lift there.
B: - Oh yes, please, that would be helpful. I (play) tennis until 7 o'clock but I (be) back shortly after that.
A: - O.K. I (pick you up) at about 7.30. (you be) ready by then?
B: - Yes. Don't worry. I (wait) for you when you get here.
3. A: - Do you ever think about what you (do) in ten year's time?
B: - Oh yes, I sometimes imagine that I (do) a very important job and (earn) lots of money and that I (live) in a beautiful big house. But to be honest, I think I still (work) here and I probably (do) the same job.
A: - No, you .... You (get) a better job soon, I'm sure you ...
B: -And so ... you.
A: - And then we (go) on wonderful foreign holidays and we (learn) to speak foreign languages.
B: -Perhaps.
4.A: - So I (wait) for you when you get to the station. I (not come) into the platform but I (see) you by the ticket office.
B: - O.K., that's fine. I (carry) a heavy suitcase so I think we (have) to get a taxi from the station.
5. Role-play the conversation. Do the exercise given below.
Plans for Summer
Dan: Just think. This time next week we will be doing our
exams.
Julie: I know. Won't it be great when they are over? Are
you going away in the summer?
Dan: No. No such luck. What about you?
Julie: Well actually, I'm going on an archaeological dig to
Egypt. I'm quite excited about it.
Dan: Egypt! Won't that be terribly hot?
Julie: I don't think so. I mean, we won't be working in the
heat of the day.
Dan: You're not going to catch malaria, are you?
Julie: I hope not. I've got special tablets to take.
Dan: Well, think of me while you're digging. I'll be filling
shelves in our local supermarket, worse luck!
True or False ?
1. Dan and Julie have just finished their exams.
2. Julie is looking forward to the summer.
3. She is going on a touring holiday to Egypt.
4. She knows she won't catch malaria.
5. Dan is going to do a holiday job during the summer.
6. He is looking forward to his job.
6. Use the Present Indefinite or Continuous, the Past Indefinite or Continuous, the Future Indefinite or Continuous.
1. I remember the day you got engaged. We (have) tea in the garden when you (come) out of the house and (tell) us about it.
2. I tried to explain the situation to my parents, but they jusr (not understand) what I (talk) about.
3. The prisoner always claimed that he (be) innocent, but for many years no one (believe) him.
4. What a lovely necklace! - I know, but unfortunately it (not belong) to me. I (borrow) it for the party yesterday.
5. Why you (wear) that thin dress? You (freeze) to death in this cold wind if you (not put on) something warm.
6. Why you (not dance) at the party? - I (injure) my ankle when I (jog) this morning.
7. While I (admire) the view someone (steal) the bag which (contain) all my traveler's checks. I (call) the police but they (not find) anybody yesterday evening.
8. Tea or coffee? I (make) both, so just say which you (prefer). - Tea please. I (not drink) coffee in the evening.
9. The boy didn't want to come shopping with his mother because he (watch) football on television.
10. Would you like to come to a film this weekend? - I'd like to, but I'm afraid I (not have) time. - Why? What you (do)? - Well, my friend (arrive) back from England on Saturday and we (have) a party on Sunday. I (prepare) things all day on Saturday. - I hope everything (go) well for you. - I'm sure it (be) a great day.
11. I'll know whether you (tell) the truth or not and if you (tell) a lie, I never (believe) you again.
12. I (not fill) up this form! The questions are impertinent.
- If you (not do), madam, you (not get) your visa.
13. He says he (build) himself a new house and it (be) ready in two years.
14. I (not understand) this letter. You (translate) it for me, Miss Grey? - Yes, I (...), but you (bring) my spectacles?
- Excuse me, but where (be) your spectacles? I (not see) them anywhere.
15. Excuse me, you (know) the time? - Sorry, but (not have) a watch. It (seem) to me it's about one o'clock.
16. It (be) difficult to learn a foreign language if you (not have) an opportunity of speaking it.
17. When I (be) on my way to the station, it (begin) to rain. I (run) back to my house for my umbrella but this (make) me late for my train. I (catch) the next train but I (arrive) at my office ten minutes late. My boss (look) up as I (come) in and (say) "You constantly (come) late to work".
18. When my brother (be) seventeen he (start) his university course. - When he (get) his degree? - Oh, he only (get) it next year. He (be) still at the university. He (pass) his exams now. He always (do) well in his exams.
19. Television (have) many advantages. It (keep) us informed about the latest news and also (provide) entertainment at home.
20. Don't worry! When we arrive home, the children (sleep) and a tasty supper (wait) for us. My mother (cook) it for us.
7. Translate into English.
1. Когда придёт зима, птицы улетят в тёплые страны, а мы снова будем ждать, когда они вернутся назад с приходом весны.
2. Как только вы выучите английский, я предложу вам хорошую работу в своей фирме.
3. Я надеюсь, что наш ребёнок будет вести себя лучше, когда пойдёт в школу.
4. Мы не примем никакого решения, пока не изучим это дело в деталях.
5. Хотя мы будем работать в одной фирме, мы не будем часто видеть друг друга, так как мы будем в разных отделах.
6. Я позвоню тебе в 9 часов. - Позвони мне позже. В это время я буду укладывать ребёнка спать.
7. Это зонтик твоей сестры. Возьми его. Завтра она будет искать его.
8. Ты будешь изучать программирование в колледже? - Думаю, да.
9. Я верю, что в будущем люди будут жить в домах, обогреваемых солнечной энергией.
10. Уже почти осень, скоро листья будут менять свой цвет с зелёного на жёлтый и красный. Многие люди будут отдыхать в парках в тёплые дни, любуясь осенней природой.
11. В это время завтра я буду сидеть в парижском кафе, читая газету. - Я уверен, что ты не будешь читать.
- Что же я буду делать? - Ты будешь восхищаться красотой Парижа.
12. Я навещу тебя завтра. Я как раз буду проходить мимо твоего дома. Это по дороге домой с работы. - Хорошо, я буду ждать тебя.
13. Ты будешь проходить где-либо около аптеки? - Да, а почему ты спрашиваешь? - Ты купишь мне лекарство? - Да, конечно.
14. Извини, я не встречу тебя завтра. Я буду работать весь день, но ты не волнуйся, попрошу кого-либо сделать это вместо меня.
8. Read and retell the texts.
Never too Old to Learn
I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster Mr Reginal Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwilling by to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honor next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn.
Cars of the Future
What kind of car will we be driving in the future? Rather different from the type we know today, with the next 50 years bringing greater change than the past 50.
The people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate the
pace of the car's development. The designers' vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four, electrically powered, environmentally, clean, and able to drive itself along "intelligent" roads equipped with built-in power supplies. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for travelling in the city.
Instead of today's seating arrangements - two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward - the car of the future will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.
This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system, with stripes built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them. Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.
Task: Describe a car you are going to buy in the future. Explain your choice.
9. Make some predictions, using the information given. Model: In the future more and more people will be using computers in their everyday life.
1. In 1995 one person in three used a mobile telephone.
2. Two million people in Britain now use telephone banking services.
3. Forty-eight per cent of householders own the house they are living in.
4. People today live on average two years longer then they did twenty years ago.
5. People are spending 80% more money than they did thirty years ago.
6. Statistics show that society is becoming more violent.
The Perfect Tenses
The Perfect Tenses denote the actions completed before the present moment (and connected with it) or before a definite moment in the past or future.
The Present Perfect
The Present Perfect is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to havein the Present Indefinite and Participle IIof the notional verb.
In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject: has he done / have you done?
In the negative form not is placed after the auxiliary verb: has not/ have not, hasn't / haven't done.
The Present Perfect is usedto show a connection in the speaker's mind between the past and the present. This occurs in three main ways:
1) the unfinished past:
- by referring to something that started in the past and is continuing now. The Present Perfect is used instead of the Present Perfect Continuous to denote more permanent states with for and since. The Present Perfect is also used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form.
I've worked here since1985.
I've known him for 20 years.
NOTE: The Present Perfect is used instead of the Present Perfect Continuous in negative sentences with the preposition/or.
She hasn 't written to me for years.
- or describing something that happened, when the period of time that we are referring to has not finished:
I've read two books this week.
I've seen him twice today.
2) the indefinite past: referring to the past with no definite . time. It is connected to the present in some way, and is often used in the following situation:
a) describing something that happened in the past, when the result can be seen in the present:
He's painted his house.
She's bought a new car.
b) describing something that happened recently, often when giving "news":
Two men have escaped from a prison in London.
The Prime Minister has arrived in Australia.
c) this tense is frequently used with the certain words: just, yet, already, never, lately, since, for, ever, recently, so far, before, etc.
NOTE: Yet is used in questions and negative sentences.
He 's just gone out.
He hasn't come yet.
She's already left.
d) describing personal experience:
I've been to Paris.
He's never been abroad.
e)describing personal experience with superlatives or ordinals:
She's the most intelligent person I've met.
This is the third time we 've complained.
NOTE: The Past Indefinite is used with just now.
He came just now.
3) The Present Prefect is used for situations that exist for a long time (especially if we say always) and this situation still exists now.
My father has always worked hard.
John has always lived in London.
The Present Perfect in this case is translated into Russian by the present or sometimes by the past imperfective.
/ have known him for many years. Я знаю его много лет.
I have always been fond of music. Я всегда любил музыку.
4) The Present Perfect is also used in adverbial clauses of time introduced by conjunctions after, when, before, as soon as, till, until, etc. to show that the action of the subordinate clause will be accomplished before the action of the principal clause. The Present Perfect is used to express a future action.
/'// help you with your homework as soon as I have done my own.
Practice
1. Read and analyze the verb forms. Answer the questions given below.
I've often thought that Stephan's success as a teacher is due to his eccentricity as much as his knowledge of the subject. From the first time he ever walked into a classroom, students have always loved him. They've probably never met anybody who displays such an extraordinary mixture of enthusiasm and great personal warmth. It is also probably the first time they've met somebody who always wears a leather jacket and a scarf even at the height of summer.
1. Has the author of the story often thought about Stephen's success as a teacher?
2. Have the students always loved Stephen or hated him?
3. Have they ever met anybody who displays such an extraordinary enthusiasm and personal warmth?
4. Stephen's success as a teacher has been much due to his knowledge of the subject, hasn't it?
5. Why have the students always loved Stephen?
6. I wonder if it is the first time the students have met somebody who wears a leather jacket at the height of summer.
2. The sentences below belong to one or more of the categories above. Write them in your notebook, putting the verbs in the Present Perfect.
1. She (be) ill for several months. 2. I (live) here for seven years. 3. She (be) in that shop for ages. 4. Three people (leave) the company this week. 5. We (have) two holidays this year. 6. He (be) here since eight o'clock. 7. The Prime Minister (ask) for a meeting with the President. 8. There (be) a revolution in San Serif. 9.1 (see) that film. 10. There (be) a rumour lately that he is to be promoted. 11. You'll get used to our methods when you (work) here a bit longer. 12. We (agree) already to meet again in a fortnight. 13. (you do) your homework yet? 14. She (go out) just. 15. I (smoke) never. 16. The weather (be) terrible so far this spring. 17. This government (do) all it can to bring down unemployment. 18. I (write) three letters already. 19. It's the first time I (be) here. 20. This is the fourth time he (damage) my car. 21. This is the first time the children (be) on a plane. 22. This is the nicest restaurant I (see). 23. This is the second time they (decide) to cancel the meeting. 24. He is the most interesting man I never (meet). 25. Jean says that Elvis always (be) her obsession since she was ten years old. 26. They are devoted to one another (support, help). 27. When we (see) the cathedral we'll go to the museum. 28. When we (take) our exams we'll have a holiday. 29. As soon as the second act (finish), let's go home. 30. These gates will remain shut until the train (pass). 31. What a surprise! There (be) a fall in the cost of living lately.
3. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put them into correct form.
Model: Phil/find a new job.
Phil has found a new job.
Dear Chris,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1. Charles/go/Brazil. Charles...............................
2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married......................
3. Suzanne/have/a baby.....................................
4. Monica/give up/smoking..................................
5. George/pass/his driving-test..............................
6. Sam/have/a bad crash.....................................
7. Pam/join/the health club..................................
8. Pat/become/a vegetarian..................................
9. Tom/write/а new novel...................................
10. I/make/much progress in my research..................
11. My parents/go/abroad.....................................
12. My elder brother/change/his job.........................
4. Ask questions with the words given in brackets. Answer them.
Work in pairs.
Model: Have you heard from George recently?
- No, I haven't. I haven't heard from him for ages.
- Yes, I have. I've just heard from him.
1. (you/read/a newspaper recently?)........................
2. (you/see/Tom in the past few days?).....................
3. (you/play/tennis recently?).................................
4. (you/eat/anything today?)..................................
5. (you/see/any good films recently?)........................
6. (you/have/a holiday this year yet?).......................
7. (you ever/be/to South America?)..........................
8. (you/read/any English books?)............................
9. (you/live/in this town all your life?)......................
10. (you ever/speak/to a famous person?)....................
11. (you ever/pass/any tests?)..................................
12. (he/miss/his classes this month?).........................
13. (she/ever/forget/her promise?)............................
14. (you/see/the new airport yet?).............................
15. (they/ever/visit/this museum before?)....................
16. (you/already/speak to the dean?)..........................
17. (he/ever/cancel his booking?)..............................
18. (she/settle/the problem yet?)...............................
5. Answer these questions using the words in brackets.
Model: When did you last smoke? (for two years). I haven't smoked for two years.
1. When did it last rain? (for ages) It..............................
2. When did they last visit you? (since June) They...............
3. When did you last play tennis? (for a long time)..............
4. When did you last eat caviar? (never)...........................
5. When did you last drive? (for six months).....................
6. When did you last go to Spain? (never)........................
7. When did she last write to you? (since last summer).........
8. When did the company last make profit? (since 2000)........
9. When did you last see Ann? (since we left college)............
10. When did you last read an English newspaper?
(since last week)....................................................
11. When did you last do the shopping? (for a long time).........
12. When did you and Nick last discuss this matter? (for ages)
13. When did you last go to the dentist? (for six months).........
14. When you last go on holiday? (for a year).....................
15. When did he last speak to you about his plans? (since he left college)..........................................................
16. When did they last win a home game? (for two months)......
17. When did you last write to Ben? (for a month).................
18. When did you last take part in a competition? (since July)
6. Give additional information to the following sentences, using
words in brackets.
Model: Jill is in London, (since Monday)
I suppose she has been in London since Monday.
1. She knows George (for a long time). 2. They are married (since 1983). 3. Brian is ill (for a week). 4. We live in this house (for ten years). 5. I know Tom very well (for a long time). 6. Alice works in a bank (for five years). 7. She has a headache (since she got up). 8. He is on the look out for a new job (since autumn). 9. He is here now (for an hour). 10. He knows France very well (spend three years). 11. He is in hospital (have a car accident). 12. She is not hungry (have dinner, just). 13. His car looks lovely (wash). 14. The lift doesn't work (be broken for two hours). 15. He is in the army (for half a year). 16. It is very cold (lately). 17. She is very unhappy (have a lot of bad luck lately). 18. He is an honest man (always, be). 19. He still works for them (always). 20. Her family are pretty well off (they, always).
7. Write questions with how longand answer them.
Model: I know Bob.
- How long have you known him?
- I've known him since our schooldays.
1. My sister is married. 2. Boris is on holiday. 3. I live in Glasgow. 4.1 know about her problem. 5. Dennis is in love with Margaret. 6. Colin has a car. 7. Bill is a teacher. 8.1 have a motor-bike. 9. My brother lives in Germany. 10. His elder brother is a sailor. He is at sea now. 11. We are good friends. 12.1 wear glasses. 13. He works for this company. 14. He is in the army now. 15. The boss is away on a business trip.
8. Answer the questions in the way shown. Use yet.
Model 1: Have you finished the book yet?
- No, I haven't finished it yet. I am still reading it.
Model 2: Have you seen the new film at the local cinema?
- I haven't seen it yet but I'm going to see it.
1. Have you translated the article yet? 2. Have they finished discussing the problem? 3. Have you decided who will make a report on the international situation? 4. Has she had her lunch yet? 5. Have they finished working at their course papers? 6. Has he woken up? (to sleep) 7. Has she made breakfast? 8. Have you eaten at the new Italian restaurant? 9. Have you bought a car? 10. Has Gerry asked Diana to marry him? 11. Have you spoken to the dean already? 12. Has he read the newspaper? 13. Have you washed the plates? 14. Have you seen him already? 15. Have you asked them for dinner? 16. Have you already explained it to him? 17. Have they passed their tests already? 18. Has she taken the pills? 19. Have they accepted the conditions? 20. Have you decided when to go?