Степени сравнения прилагательных. В английском языке различают три степени сравнения прилагательных: положительную(the positive degree)
В английском языке различают три степени сравнения прилагательных: положительную(the positive degree), сравнительную(the comparative degree) и превосходную(the superlative degree).
Положительная степень - исходная, не имеющая никаких окончаний, например: cold, interesting.
Сравнительная и превосходная степени одно- и двусложных прилагательных образуются с помощью суффиксов - er, - est соответственно, а многосложных - прибавлением слов more и most(с артиклем the). Например:
cold - colder - the coldest
interesting - more interesting - the most interesting
Ряд прилагательных образуют степени сравнения не по общему правилу:
good - better - the best
bad - worse - the worst
far - farther - the farthest (о расстоянии)
many (much) - more - the most
little - less - the least
Для выражения сравнения существует также целый ряд конструкций, таких как as ... as (такой же ... как . . .), not so ... as (не такой . . . как . . .), more (less) . . . than (больше (меньше) чем), the ... the ... (чем . . . тем), the more ... the less (чем больше . . . тем меньше) и др. Например:
Не is as tall as his father. Он такой же высокий, как и его отец.
This text is more difficult Этот текст не такой трудный, как тот.
than that one.
The sooner you come the Чем раньше ты придешь, тем лучше.
better.
Основные словообразовательные суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных.
- fill careful, useful - iblepossible, horrible
- ant mportant, distant - ablehospitable, eatable
- ous amous, dangerous - ic histiric, poetic
- ed strong-willed, talented - у rainy, sunny, dirty
- ing interesting, - less hopeless, useless
disappointing - ary revolutionary, ordinary
- al cultural, agricultural
- ent dependent, different - ive impressive
- ish Polish, Spanish - ian Belarusian
un-unhappy, uncomfortable - interinternational
im- impossible, immoral - post post-war
dis- discouraging, disappointing - pre pre-revolutionary
non- non-governmental, non-persistent
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. Выберите нужную форму прилагательного или наречия
1. I am (happy, happily) to meet you. They have lived all their life happy, happily).
2. Don't speak to me so (cold, coldly). Your hands are (cold, coldly), put on your gloves.
3. The results of our work were (perfect, perfectly). We have done everything (perfect, perfectly).
4. "I am quite (helpless, helplessly) in solving such problems", she said. She looked at them (helpless, helplessly) not knowing what to do.
5. Can you tell me the (exact, exactly) time of his arrival. Sorry, but I don't know (exact, exactly) when he comes back.
6.He often comes home (late, lately). I haven't seen him (late, lately).
ПРЕДЛОГ (THE PREPOSITION)
Предлогаминазываются служебные слова, которые выражают отнощения слов в предложении. Наряду с порядком слов они являются одним из основных способов выражения падежных отношений в английском языке.
Предлоги в английском языке подразделяются на предлоги места, направления и времени.
Предлоги места
on - на on the desk, on the wall
in - в, на in the room, in the street
at - у, в, на at the window, at the meeting
near- около near the door, near the wall
over- над over the table, over the sofa
under- под under the table, under the bed
between- между between two chairs, between the doors
among - среди among the students, among them
behind- за behind the house, behind the tree
across- вдоль, через across the street, across the river
in front of-перед in front of the house, in front of the column
through- через, сквозь through the window, through the glass
Предлоги направления
to- к, на, в to the library, to the South
towards- внаправлении, к towards the forest, towards the house
from- от, из from the table, from the North
into- в (внутрь) into the room, into the box
outof - из (изнутри) out of the house, out of the drawer
off- с (со), от off the table, off the wall
Предлоги времени
on - в on Sunday, on the tenth of February
in - в, через in two days, in September
at - в, у at 7 o'clock, at noon
by - к by 3 o'clock, by noon
from ... till- от (с) ... до from early morning till late at night
since- с since 5 o'clock, since midnight
for - в течение for an hour, for ages
during- во время during the lecture, during the break
before- до (перед) before the bell, before winter
after- после after break, after classes
till (until)- до till May, till the end of the year
between- между between one and two o'clock
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. Переведите следующие предложения сначала на русский язык, а затем снова на английский, уделяя внимание употреблению предлогов,
1. Не went to Moscow. They will go to the South in a week. She goes to work by bus.
2. They stayed at home in the evening. I stayed at the entrance of the theatre. He stayed at the hotel.
3.I was born on the first of May.
4. Our lessons begin at six o'clock in the evening.
5. The child fell on the floor and began crying.
6. He took the picture off the wall.
7. He looked through the window.
8. She traveled by train (bus, plane).
9. We went for a walk.
10. He worked at the .post office.
11. We turned round the corner.
12. Would you like to sit in front ?
13. She walked along the street.
14. The bus stopped and we got off.
15. He traveled about many countries of the world.