Ex. 5. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Она делает хорошие успехи в английском.
2. Вчера я положил сюда деньги. Где они? Я не могу их найти.
3. Критерии часто меняются.
4. Его знания по математике лучше моих.
5. Виды этих растений неизвестны.
6. Президент прибыл в страну с трехдневным визитом.
7. Никто не знал, что сказать, и наступило минутное молчание.
8. Портрет жены Рембрандта – одна из самых известных картин художника.
9. Приезд Поля и Кэт был неожиданностью (surprise) для тети Энн.
10. Этому замку триста лет.
The adverb
Degrees of Comparison
По структуре наречия делятся на:
| 1) простые: here well then | здесь хорошо тогда |
| 2) Производные от прилагательных и существительных: quickly easily daily | быстро легко ежедневно |
| 3) сложные: somewhere outside somewhat | где-то снаружи отчасти |
| 4) составные: not at all in rain at last | ничуть напрасно наконец |
Некоторые наречия имеют две формы, которые различаются по значению:
а) совпадающую с формой соответствующего прилагательного
b) форму с суффиксом – ly
Например: near – близкий, близко
daily – ежедневно, ежедневный
| close closely | близко тщательно | wide widely | широко повсеместно |
| near nearly | близко почти | sure surely | действительно конечно, непременно |
| late lately | поздно последнее время | free freely | бесплатно свободно, вольно |
| hard hardly | упорно едва | last lastly | последний, позже всех в конце концов |
| high highly | высоко в высшей степени | direct directly | прямо, напрямую немедленно |
Например: She could hardly recognize him. Она едва могла узнать его.
She worked hard yesterday. Вчера она очень много работала.
Классификация наречий:
| Наречия места и направления | here, there, near, far, elsewhere (где-нибудь еще), upstairs, downstairs, aboard (на борту), afloat (на плаву) | |
| Наречия определенного времени: обычно ставятся в начале или в конце предложения Например: I shall write him a letter tomorrow. | now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, then, before | |
| Наречия неопределенного времени: обычно ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, или после вспомогательного глагола, если сказуемое состоит из нескольких слов. Например: Writing the address in English usually presents some difficulties for Russian people. When we want to send a letter we must always address the envelope. | always, never, usually, sometimes, often | |
| Наречия образа действия: употребляются непосредственно после глагола, когда глагол непереходной (после него не следует дополнение). Например: He works hard. Если за глаголом следует инфинитив, то наречие образа действия употрeбляется перед глаголом. Например: He flatly refused to leave in the small hours. Он наотрез отказался ехать ни свет ни заря | fast, slowly, hard tight, well, calmly, quickly, brightly, easily | |
| Наречия меры и степени. Большинство наречий меры и степени стоит перед определяемым словом. Например: The model is rather interesting/ Исключение: enough, not at all употребляются после слова, которое они определяют, а не перед ним: John is old enough to understand that. | very, too, quite, enough, rather, hardly, almost, not at all, much, little, scarcely |
Степени сравнения наречий
| 1) односложные наречия и early: + er, est | fast – faster – fastest; soon –sooner-soonest; early-earlier-earliest; hard-harder-hardest |
| 2) наречия на – ly с помощью слов more и most также | beautifully – more beautifully – most beautifully; slowly-more beautifully – most beautifully; slowly – more slowly – most slowly; often – more often – most often |
| 3) наречия well, bad, much, little, far | well –better-best badly-worse-worst much-more-most little-less-least, far-farther/further-farthest/furthest |
| Adjective or Adverb? | a) Link verbs (be, get, become, feel, seem, grow, sound, taste, swell, look (=seem) + adjectives: she looked sad/nice/happy. I feel well/bad/fine The cake is delicious and smells good. b) Action verbs + adverbs: she looked at me sadly/happily/ I swim well / badly |
Ex. 1. Use the correct form of the adverbs in brackets.
1. It’s becoming (hard) and (hard) to find a job. 2. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do (well) than this. 3. You are standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit (far) away? 4. Martin drove (slowly) than usual. 5. We have to walk (fast) than this if we want to catch the train. 6. This world is (widely) used in spoken English than in written. 7. Let me ask him. I know him (well) than you do. 8. Jim did (badly) in his examination than he had hoped. 9. Could you speak a bit (distinctly), please? 10. I don’t play tennis much now. I used to play (often). 11. The Earth goes round the sun (quickly) than the Jupiter. 12. She always arrives at work much (early) than anyone else. 13. Of all animals in the world, which one lives (long)? 14. If he had driven (carefully), he wouldn’t have got into an accident. 15. John is studding a lot (hard) than usual now that his exams are getting closer.
Ex. 2. Chose the right variant.
1. I opened the door slow/slowly.
2. Why are you angry/angrily? I haven’t done anything.
3. Bill is a careful/carefully driver. He drives careful/carefully.
4. Can you please repeat that slow/slowly?
5. Come on, George! Why are you always so slow/slowly?
6. The party was very good/well. I enjoyed it very much.
7. Tom didn’t do very good/well in his examination.
8. Jane is studding hard/hardly for her examination.
9. “Where is Diana?” She was here, but she left sudden/suddenly.
10. I met them a long time ago, so I do not remember them very good/well.
11. My brother is not very good/well at the moment.
12. Don’t eat your dinner so quick/quickly. It is not good for you.
13. Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?
14. I don’t want to work for that company. They pay their workers bad/badly.
15. Please, be quiet/quietly. I’m reading.
Ex. 3. Chose the right form of the adjective of the adverb.
1. I am happy/happily to meet you.
2. They have lived all their life happy/happily.
3. Don’t speak to me cold/coldly.
4. Your hands are cold/coldly, put on your gloves.
5. The results of our work were perfect/perfectly.
6. We have done everything perfect/perfectly.
7. I am quite helpless/helplessly in solving such problems.
8. She looked at them helpless/helplessly not knowing what to do.
9. Can you tell me the exactly time of his arrival.
10. Sorry but I don’t know exact/exactly when he comes back.
11. He often comes home late/lately.
12. I haven’t seen him late/lately.
Ex. 4. Rewrite the sentences, puffing the adverbs in brackets into their proper places.
1. I get many letters from my friends (often).
2. We shall go (tomorrow, there).
3. Have you been to the Caucasus (ever)?
4. I have been there (never).
5. They have returned from Kiev (just).
6. I haven’t seen this comedy (yet).
7. He gets up early (usually).
8. My mother cooks supper for our family (always).
9. I haven’t money to buy this TV-set (enough).
10. She knows Spanish well to work as an interpreter (enough).
11. She wears the latest fashion (always).
12. Your can has been stolen (probably).
13. I cleaned the house and cooked the dinner (also).
14. Jack can’t cook. He can’t boil an egg (even).
15. I can remember her name (never).