Ex.1 Find the answers to these questions in the following text.

  1. What uses of handheld computers are mentioned in the text?
  2. What are the benefits of using computers with the following items?
  3. Security systems
    1. Cars
    2. Phones
  4. What smart devices are mentioned in the text?
  5. What are smart cards used for?
  6. What are the advantages of multimedia?
  7. What can medical expert systems do?
  8. How can computers help the disabled?
  9. What types of computing systems are made available to people in remote locations using electronic classrooms or boardrooms?
  10. What aspect of computing can people power determine?

Ex.2 Match the terms with the statements.

 

 

a) Edutainment b) Multimedia c) Expert systems d) Telecommute e) Information superhighway

 

  1. Software that enables computers to ‘think’ like experts.
  2. Use computers to stay in touch with the office while working at home.
  3. Internet system designed to provide free, interactive access to vast resources for people all over the world.
  4. Multimedia materials with a combination of educational and entertainment content.
  5. A combination of text with sound, video, animation, and graphics.

 

Ex.3. Mark the following statements as True or False.

 

  1. Desktop organizers are programs that require desktop computers.
  2. Computers are sometimes used to monitor systems that previously needed human supervision.
  3. Networking is a way of allowing otherwise incompatible systems to communicate and share resources.
  4. The use of computers prevents people from being creative.
  5. Computer users do not have much influence over the way computing develops.

 

Ex.4. Complete each sentence using the correct preposition.

 

  1. The CPU is a large chip _____________ the computer.
  2. Data always flows ____________ the CPU ________________the address bus.
  3. The CPU can be divided ____________ three parts.
  4. Data flows _______________ the CPU and memory.
  5. Peripherals are devices ______________ the computer but linked ___________ it.
  6. The signal moves _________ the VDU screen _______ one side __________the other.
  7. The CPU puts the address ____________ the address bus.
  8. The CPU can fetch data _____________ memory ________________the data bus.

 

Ex.5. up – and – up verbs Complete each gap in these sentences with the appropriate form of the correct verb from this list:

 

Back up Build up Catch up Free up Keep up Set up Start up Update Upgrade upload

 

  1. To avoid losing data, you should ___________ your files regularly.
  2. You can ____________ your PC by adding a new motherboard.
  3. Delete some files to __________ space on your hard disk.
  4. Data is ____________ from regional PCs to the company’s mainframe each night.
  5. The operating system boots when you __________ your computer.
  6. She’s taking a course to ____________ her knowledge of computing.
  7. The computer checks the memory when it __________.
  8. He _____________ a website to advertise his travel company.
  9. You can __________ with developments by reading PC magazines.
  10. If you miss a class, you can study the hand – outs to _________.

Варіант 2

Text

 

Data Mining

Data mining is simply filtering through large amounts of raw data for useful information that gives businesses a competitive edge. This information is made up of meaningful patterns and trends that are already in the data but were previously unseen.

The most popular tool used mining is artificial intelligence (AI). AI technologies try to work the way the human brain works, by making intelligent guesses, learning by example, and using deductive reasoning. Some of the more popular AI methods used in data mining include neural networks, clustering, and decision trees.

Neural networks look at the rules of using data, which are based on the connections found or on a sample set of data. As a result, the software continually analyses value and compares it to the other factors, and it compares these factors repeatedly until in finds patterns emerging. These patterns are known as rules. The software then looks for other patterns based on these rules or sends out an alarm when a trigger value is hit.

Clustering divides data into groups based on similar features or limited data ranges. Clusters are used when data isn’t labelled in a way that is favourable to mining. For instance, an insurance company that wants to find instances of fraud wouldn’t have its records labelled as fraudulent or not fraudulent. But after analyzing patterns within clusters, the mining software can start to figure out the rules that point to which claims are likely to be false.

Decision trees, like clusters, separate the data into subsets and then analyse the subsets to divide them into further subsets, and so on (for a few more levels). The final subsets are then small enough that the mining process can find interesting patterns and relationships within the data. Once the data to be mined is identified, it should be cleansed. Cleansing data frees in from duplicate information and erroneous data. Next, the data should be stored in a uniform format within relevant categories or fields. Mining tools can work with all types of data storage, from large data warehouses to smaller desktop databases to flat files. Data warehouses and data marts are storage methods that involve archiving large amounts of data in a way that makes it easy to access when necessary.

When the process in complete, the mining software generates a report. An analyst goes over the report to see if further work needs to be done, such as refining parameters, using other data analyst tools to examine the data, or even scrapping the data if it’s unusable. If no further work is required, the report proceeds to the decision makers for appropriate action.

The power of data mining is being used for many purposes, such as analyzing Supreme Court decisions, discovering patterns in health care, pulling stories about competitors from newswires, resolving bottlenecks in production processes, and analyzing sequences in the human genetic makeup. There really is no limit to the type of business or area of study where data mining can be beneficial.