Time permitting, we shall go for a walk. Если время позволит, мы пойдем гулять.
324 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 395
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.
1. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на каток.
2. Так как все было готово, она решила отдохнуть.
3. Так как было уже поздно, они никуда не пошли.
4. Так как погода была холодная, Джек спрятал руки в карманы. 5. Так как быстро темнело, она поспешила домой. 6. Когда солнце зашло, сразу стало темно. 7. Так как наш разговор был закончен, я пошел домой. 8. Когда письмо было написано, она быстро побежала на почту отправить его. 9. Так как оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, мы решили поужинать на вокзале. 10. Если погода будет благоприятной, спортсмены могут показать хорошие результаты. 11. Мы долго разговаривали: он задавал мне вопросы, а я охотно на них отвечал. 12. Если условия позволят, я приеду к вам на лето. 13. Так как было очень тепло, дети спали на открытом воздухе. 14. Когда все приготовления были закончены, мы отправились в поход. 15. Корабль медленно плыл вдоль берегов Белого моря; сотни птиц кружились над ним. 16. Было очень темно, так как на небе не было ни одной звездочки.
17. Когда солнце село, туристы развели костер.
18. Так как было очень поздно, собрание было закрыто.
ГЕРУНДИЙ
I like seeing a good film.
Seeing a good film is a pleasure.
We thought of seeing a film after supper.
He went home without seeing the film.
Упражнение 396
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. Repairing cars is his business. 2. It goes without saying. 3. Have you finished writing? 4. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very healthy. 5.1 like skiing, but my sister prefers skating. 6. She likes sitting in the sun. 7. It looks like raining. 8. My watch wants repairing. 9. Thank you for coming. 10. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 11. I had the pleasure of dancing with her the whole evening. 12. Let's go boating. 13. He talked without stopping. 14. Some people can walk all day without feeling tired. 15. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 16. Iron is found by digging in the earth. 17. There are two ways of getting sugar: one from beet and the other from sugarcane. 18. Jane Eyre was fond of reading. 19. Miss Trotwood was in the habit of asking Mr. Dick his opinion. 20. His father disliked wasting time on such trifles. 21. Avoid making mistakes if you can.
326 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
22. The neighbours saved our life by lending us that money. 23. Beethoven continued writing music after he became deaf. 24. Don't make so much fuss over losing your money.
Упражнение 397
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
A: I'm really looking forward to going to New York.
B: Are you? I'm not. I can't stand visiting noisy cities.
A: But New York is wonderful. I love seeing the skyscrapers, the museums, the historical monuments, the Statue of Liberty...
li: T hate visiting museums. I'm not looking forward t,o going at all.
Л: Oli, it's so exciting! I like listening to the mi нш<1н of New York — the traffic, the different
Lllllfillll^CM. ..
/I Tim noliiel I run tell you, I dislike visiting noisy
i II Inn! Л Oh. < oiih< on! II'II In- Inn. New York's n great big
inch in/1, pot. мГ people from all over the world.
And the world capital is worth seeing. I want to
go to the Big Apple. It's so interesting!
Упражнение 398
В следующих предложениях замените придаточные дополнительные герундием с предлогом of.
• E.g. She thought she would go to the country for the weekend.
She thought of going to the country for the weekend.
1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. 2.1 am thinking that I shall go out to the country tomorrow to see my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? — I don't know now; I thought I would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan't go. 4. I hear there are some English books at our university bookstall now. — So you are thinking that you will buy some, aren't you? 5. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have eome, I won't go to the library. 6. We were thinking we would plant roses this year.
Упражнение 399
В следующих предложениях замените придаточные времени герундием с предлогом after.
• E.g. When she had bought everything she needed,she went home.
After buying everything she needed,she went home.
1. After she took the child to the kindergarten,
she went to the library to prepare for her exam. 2. When he had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it was a great deal more important than he had thought at first. 3. After I had hesitated some minutes whether to buy the hat or not, I finally decided that I might find one I liked better in another shop. 4. When she had graduated from the university, she left St. Petersburg and went to teach in her hometown. 5. When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of improving the conditions of work in very deep coalmines.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
| Формы герундия | ||||
| Active | Passive | |||
| Indefinite (Simple) | writing | being written | ||
| Perfect | having written | having been written | ||
| Что значат эти формы? Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие значение разных форм герундия. | ||||
| Что он любит? | ||||
| Indefinite (Simple) | Active | He likes telling fairy tales. рассказывать | ||
| Passive | He likes being told fairy tales. чтобы ему рассказывали | |||
| Чем он гордится? | ||||
| 4м О * Q) Q. | Active | He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person. что поговорил | ||
| Passive | He is proud of havinq been spoken to. что с ним поговорили | |||
Упражнение 400
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was thinking of buying a new one.
4. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house.
5. She misses seeing the neighbours of course.
6. Usually she enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind helping them. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8. But she doesn't like washing and ironing. 9. She hates getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind working a lot, you know. 11. She enjoys driving an expensive car. 12. She has always dreamt of travelling round the world. 13. But she hates flying and she's never been overseas. 14. She has risen to be head of the company in spite of being a woman in a man's world. 15. She loves meeting people because she can't bear being alone. 16. She loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 17. She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she's beautiful. 18. She hates being laughed at. 19. She likes being stared at because she thinks she's attractive. 20. But she hates being ignored.
Упражнение 401
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия.
1. The place is worth visiting. 2. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 3. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 4. Can you remember having seen the man before? 5. She was terrified of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 6. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 7. After being corrected by the teacher, the students' papers were returned to them. 8. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey. 9. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 10. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it. 11. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining room. 12. On being told the news, she turned pale.
330 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
| Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, требующие после себя герундия: | ||
| to avoid to burst out | to excuse to finish | to keep (on) to mind1 |
| cannot help to deny to enjoy | to forgive to give up to go on | to postpone to put off to stop |
Упражнение 402
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. I avoided speaking to them about that matter. 2. She burst out crying. 3. They burst out laughing.
4. She denied having been at home that evening.
5. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling.
6. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 7. Please forgive my interfering. 8. He gave up smoking a few years ago. 9. They went on talking. 10. He keeps insisting on my going to the south. 11. Oh, please do stop laughing at him. 12. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 13. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 14. I don't mind wearing this dress. 15. She could not help smiling. 16. I cannot put off doing this translation. 17. Though David was tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover. 18. Her husband used to smoke, but he stopped smoking two years ago. But it was too late.
19. Have you finished washing the dishes yet?
20. Don't be nervous! Stop biting your nails! 21. He
postponed going to New York as he fell ill.
1 Только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях: a) Do you mind me smoking? b) I don't mind having a dog in the house. См. Cambridge International Dictionary of English, с 899.
Упражнение 403
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Перестаньте разговаривать. 2. Мы уже закончили чтение этой книги. 3. Продолжайте петь. 4. Вы не против того, чтобы открыть окно? 5. Он отрицал, что совершил преступление. 6. Я очень люблю рисовать. 7. Мы получили удовольствие от плавания. 8. Я не могла не согласиться с ним. 9. Он рассмеялся. 10. Она бросила курить. 11. Она избегала встречи с ним. 12. Мы отложим обсуждение доклада. 13. Наконец, они перестали смеяться. 14. Она отрицала, что украла деньги. 15. Нам пришлось отложить поездку на дачу до следующей субботы. 16. Простите, что я потерял вашу ручку. 17. Когда она закончит писать сочинение? 18. Я не возражаю против того, чтобы остаться дома и поработать над моей новой книгой. 19. Перестаньте дрожать. Избегайте показывать этим людям, что вы их боитесь. 20. Я не могу не беспокоиться о них: они перестали писать. 21. Я не отрицаю, что видел их в тот вечер. 22. Он не возражал против того, чтобы его осмотрели: он перестал притворяться, что здоров. 23. Он не может меня простить за то, что я порвал его сумку. 24. Она отрицала, что взяла мои часы. 25. Мальчик любит командовать своей сестрой. 26. Лучше отложить принятие решения. 27. Не могли ли бы вы дать мне книгу, когда закончите ее читать? 28. Ее сын пытался избежать ответа на ее вопросы, так как ему было стыдно, что он солгал ей прежде. 29. Он не мог не думать, что его сын совершил большую ошибку. 30. Простите меня, пожалуйста, что я открыла ваше письмо по ошибке. 31. Я перестала есть мясо и каждый день получаю удовольствие от более здоровой пищи.
332 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
| Запомните следующие | глаголы и выражения, |
| требующие после себя герундияс определенными | |
| предлогами: | |
| to accuse of | to insist on |
| to agree to | to look forward to |
| to approve of | to object to |
| to be afraid of | to persist in |
| to congratulate on | to prevent from |
| to depend on | to succeed in |
| to dream of | to suspect of |
| to feel like | to thank for |
| to give up the idea of | to think of |
Упражнение 404
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. Не was afraid of waking her. 2. I'm looking forward to going on holiday. 3. She congratulated herself on having thought of such a good idea. 4. My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text. 5. She suspected him of deceiving her. 6. The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily for having helped him. 7. He gave up the idea of ever hearing from her. 8. We are looking forward to seeing you again. 9. He has always dreamt of visiting other countries. 10. He persisted in trying to solve that difficult problem. 11. The cold weather prevented the girls from going for long walks. 12. Jane thought of leaving Lowood after Miss Temple's marriage.
13. They accuse him of having robbed the house.
14. He never agreed to their going on that dangerous voyage. 15. He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee. 16. The teacher of mathematics did
not approve of his pupils dreaming. 17. All the happiness of my life depends on your loving me. 18.1 don't feel like seeing him. 19. I insist on being told the truth. 20. I object to his borrowing money from you. 21. I stretched out my hand to prevent her from falling.
Упражнение 405
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Благодарю вас, что вы прислали мне такие красивые цветы. 2. Его обвинили в том, что он продал важные государственные секреты. 3. Он отрицал, что продал их. 4. Он настаивал на том, что невиновен. 5. Он боялся, что его посадят в тюрьму. 6. Шум в соседней комнате мешал мне думать. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать на юг летом. 8. Мальчик отрицал, что его постоянно ругают и наказывают. 9. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы поговорить с ним. 10. Я с нетерпением ждал встречи с братом. 11. Мне что-то не хочется сегодня играть в лото. 12. Ей удалось сделать очень хороший перевод этого трудного текста.
Упражнение 406
Раскройте скобки, употребляя герундий в активной или пассивной форме.
1. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 3. The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital. 4. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 5. Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist? 6. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 8. He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people's business. 9. I was angry at
334 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
(to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He is good at (to- repair) cars. 11. He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 12. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13. In (to make) this experiment, they came across some very interesting phenomena. 14. The results of the experiment must be checked and rechecked before (to publish). 15. David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 16. The watch requires (to repair)1. 17. The problem is not worth (to discuss)1. 18. Jane Eyre remembered (to lock) up in the red room for (to contradict) Mrs. Reed.
Упражнение 407
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия.
1. The machine needs (to clean)1. 2. I am quite serious in (to say) that I don't want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry for (to be) inattentive to his child. 4. She confessed to (to forget) to send the letter. 5. The old man could not stand (to tell) what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for (to dance). 7. The Bronze Horseman is worth (to see)1. 8. After thoroughly (to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After thoroughly (to examine) by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfactory mark. 10. She accused him of (to steal) her purse.
11. She reproached me for (not to write) to her.
12. This, job is not worth (to take)1. 13. After (to look) through and (to mark) the students' papers, the
1 Обратите внимание, что после глаголов to want, to need, to deserve, to require, а также после слова worth употребляется active gerund, хотя по значению он passive.
E.g. My watch needs repairing (а не being repaired).
teacher handed them back. 14. After (to look) through and (to mark), the papers were handed back to the students. 15. These clothes want (to wash)1.
16. David was very glad of (to find) his aunt.
17. Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase.
18. You never mentioned (to be) to Greece. 19. She was proud of (to award) the champion's cup.
20. I don't remember ever (to meet) your sister.
21. I don't remember (to ask) this question by anybody. 22. The cat was punished for (to break) the cup. 23. The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa.
Упражнение 408
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия.
1. The girls were busy (to pack) when one of them suddenly remembered (to leave) the milk on the stove which was probably boiling over. 2. Little David couldn't bear (to recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss Murdstone. They frightened him so that he couldn't help (to make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (to displease) them and (to scold). 3. I landed in London on an autumn evening. My friends expected me home for the holidays, but had no idea of my (to return) so soon. I had purposely not informed them of my (to come), that I might have the pleasure of (to take) them by surprise. And yet I had a feeling of disappointment in (to receive) no welcome. I even felt like (to cry). 4. The girl was proud of (to choose) to represent the sportsmen of the school at the coming competition. She thanked her classmates for (to choose) her and promised to do her best to win.
1 См. сноску на стр. 334.
336 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
Сравните: