Fluency •Listen, read and practise.
Jenny: I'm reading about recycling. Recycling is important for our environment. Do you know what it is?
Nick: Of course I know what it is.
Jenny: It means collecting things and using them again. Things like glass or paper.
Nick: Yes, that's right. It means not polluting our world.
A. Recall the sentences with gerunds.
B. Roleplay the conversation.
C. Now put the gerunds in the sentences.
eg ... stamps is an interesting hobby.
Collecting stamps is an interesting hobby.
1. ... waste glass and paper is called "recycling". 2. ... is a healthy sport. 3.... a Mersedes is expensive. 4.... to loud music is bad for your father's ears. 5. ... too much television gives Mrs Bell a headache. 6.... your room is boring. 7.... money is sensible. 8-... money is fun! 9.... books is one of Jenny's favourite hobbies. 10.... football is Tom's favourite hobby.
Make sentences with the same meaning by using a gerund as the subject.
eg It is important to get daily exercise. Getting daily exercise is important.
I. It is fun to meet new people. 2. It is easy to cook rice. 3. It is boring to spend the whole weekend in the dorm. 4. It is relaxing to take-a long walk. 5. Is it difficult to learn a second language? 6. It isn't hard to make friends. 7. It is wrong to cheat during a test. 8. Is it dangerous to smoke cigarettes? 9. Is it expensive to live in an apartment? 10. It isn't easy to live in a foreign country. 11. It takes time to make new friends.
Now you have to complete the sentences using gerunds
eg My hobby is ...
My hobby is fishing.
1. My brother's hobby is... 2. My favourite sport is... 3. Her favourite pastime is... 4. My ambition is... 5. His aim is... 6. Her job was... 7. The first thing to do was... 8. Her ambition is... 9. His intention is... 10. The only way out was... 11. Her dream is... 12. My hobby is...
Using your own words, complete the sentences using gerund phrases as subjects.
eg ... isn't easy.
Climbing to the top of a mountain isn't easy, eg ... is a demanding job.
Managing a major corporation is a demanding job.
1.... wears me out. 2.... can be difficult. 3.... turned out to be a mistake. 4.... will only add to your problems. 5.... has changed my life. 6.... requires great skill and concentration. 7.... demands patience and a sense of humour. 8.... is a complicated process. 9. . was a real disappointment. 10. ... looks easy. D. Alan is planning an uncomfortable expedition. Bill isn't enthusiastic.
A: We'll have to walk twenty miles a day.
B: Well, I won't come if it means walking twenty miles a day
We 'II have to .
1. get up at five.
2. set off at dawn.
3. tell no one where we're going.
4. hitch-hike.
5. row across the Channel.
6. cycle for hundreds of miles.
7. carry heavy rucksacks.
8. swim across lakes.
9. climb mountains. 10. camp in the snow.
\ . The phone rang a few seconds ago. Someone wants to speak to Arthur.
"I'm awfully sorry," his secretary is saying. "Mr Tigers has gone out. He'll be back at 3. Would you mind phoning then?"
2. Tom Atkins has to do the dishes because Susan's father is in hospital and she has gone to visit him. Tom does not like washing dishes. In fact, he hates washing them.
"I wonder if you'd mind helping me?" he is saying to Peter.
3. Fred Collins joined the army a few months ago. He does not like being a soldier. In fact, he hates it. He hates carrying a heavy rifle and wearing a uniform. He also hates getting up early. All the other soldiers have already got up. "I wonder if you'd mind closing that window, Sergeant?" Fred is saying.
4. Frank Martin is in hospital. He has had to give up smoking and drinking beer, too. The doctor says these things are very bad for him. Susan is visiting him now. "Susan, I wonder if you'd mind bringing some cigarettes next time?" he is saying to her.
5. This is a political meeting. It has got out of control. The chairman is telling people to stop doing certain things. At first he tried to be polite. "Would you mind not waving that red flag?" he said a few minutes ago. Now he is shouting "Stop waving that red flag!" A group of men are shouting "freedom", two others are blowing trumpets, another group is singing and a few men are fighting.
4- 1. Make questions with stopusing the prompts:
eg Prompt; that terrible noise
Response: Would you please stop making that terrible noise?
Prompts:
a) those letters b) that guitar c) the radio d) those cheap cigarettes e) the phone so much f) your dictionary g) so many sweets h) that book i) that song j) that trumpet
2. Now use the same prompts for examples with the verb mind
eg that terrible noise — Would you mind not making that terrible noise?
those letters — Would you mind typing those letters now, please?
3. Make questions (with and without not).
eg Would you ' waiting for me
Would they coming back later
Would she mind (not) having a new one Would he seeing him tomorrow
With someone else, practise asking and answering the questions using the following very frequent short answer forms-
i) Yes, I (etc.) would. v) Of course he (etc.) ii) No, I (etc.) wouldn't. would(n't).
iii) Not at all. vi) I expect so.
iv) Of course not. vii) I don't think so.
eg — Would you mind my smoking here?
— No, I wouldn't. (Of course not.)
4. Using the structure "I wonder... ", ask very polite questions. Use the answers given above to work with someone else.
eg — I wonder if you'd mind lending me your dictionary.
— Of course not.
eg — I wonder if he would mind me (my) using his car.
— I don't think so.
Julia and Jim are in a pub. They are standing at the bar. In English pubs, you always have to go to the bar to get your drink. Nobody will ask you what you want if you sit down at a table first. Jim has just paid for their drinks.
Barman: And here's your change, sir.
Jim: Thank you.
Julia: Can we sit somewhere, Jim? I don't like standing
here.
Jim: All right. Look! There's a table over there. Come on. Julia: (sitting down) This is much more comfortable. I
think women look terrible standing at the bar. Jim: Really? I don't think so. Anyway, cheers! Julia: Cheers!
Jim: Would you like a cigarette? Julia: No, thanks. I've decided to give up smoking. Jim: Really? Why? Julia: Well... it's just that I think if you don't enjoy doing
something any more you should stop doing it. Jim: I see. You mean you don't enjoy smoking any more? Julia: That's right. You should give it up, too. It's bad for
your health Jim: Stop talking like my mother. That's what she keeps
saying. Julia: But it's true. It's a nasty habit. I can't think why I
ever started. Anyway, it's obviously got you in its grip! Jim: What do you mean? What are you talking about? Julia: I mean you couldn't give it up! Jim: Who? Me? Couldn't give up smoking? Nonsense!
Of course I could! I know I could! Julia: How do you know? Jim: Because I've already proved it. Smoking's the easiest
thing in the world to give up. I've done it hundreds
of times!
A. Questions
1. Why does Julia want to sit down somewhere? 2. What does Jim say just before he takes his first sip from his drink? 3. What has she decided to give up? 4. Ask and answer why she has decided to give up smoking. 5. What does Jim say when Julia tells him he should give up smoking? 6. Jim thinks giving up smoking is very hard, doesn't he?
Я Recall
Without looking at the text, see if you can remember some of the things Jim and Julia said.
Julia: think/women/terrible/bar.
Jim: a cigarette?
Julia: No/decided.
Jim: You mean/don't enjoy/any more?
Julia: right, you should/too, health.
Jim: Stop/mother, keeps.
C. Roleplay the conversation.
D. In this Unit, we have practised some verbs which are followed by the -ing form of a verb:
mind; hate; like; give up; stop; enjoy; keep (on). Remember these sentences:
a) Would you mind helping me? Would you mind not waving that red flag? I wonder if you'd mind closing that window.
b) Tom hates washing dishes.
c) Fred does not like being a soldier.
d) Frank has had to give up smoking.
e) Stop waving that red flag!
f) You mean you don't enjoy smoking any more?
g) That's what my mother keeps saying.
E. Complete these sentences
a) I've just given up... b) Why don't you stop... c) Do you like... d) Do you really enjoy... e) We don't mind... f) I hate . g) You really ought to give up... h) Shall I stop... i) Will you please stop... j) I wonder if you'd mind ...
F. Give advice to these people. Use "You 'd better give up/stop
a) A friend who spends all his money.
b) A man who is putting on weight.
c) A light sleeper who always drinks coffee before he goes to bed.
d) A young girl who always drives very fast.
e) A student who has an exam next month, but who goes out every evening.
G. Write 5 true sentences about things you like, enjoy or hate
doing
Write 5 true sentences using stop or give up.
Keiko is looking through a newspaper. Lynn comes in.
Lynn: What are you doing?
Keiko: I'm looking for a new job. I hate being a secretary.
Lynn: What kind of job are you looking for?
Keiko: I'm not sure.
Lynn: Do you have any ideas?
Keiko: No. But I can't stand sitting at a desk all day. I don't like typing, and I don't like filing either.
Lynn: What do you like?
Keiko: Well, I love helping people, and I enjoy having responsibility.
Lynn: Do you like working for big companies?
Keiko: No. I work for a big company now. Big companies are too impersonal.
A. What did you find out about Keiko? Complete the sentences.
1. Keiko hates____a secretary.
2. She can't stand____at a desk all day. '''
3. She doesn't like____.
4. She doesn't like____either.
5. She doesn't like____for big companies.
6. But she loves____people.
7. She enjoys____responsibility.
B. Read and roleplay the conversation.
'What Do ^ou £.njoy Doing?
Lynn: Well, let's think. What do you enjoy doing?
Keiko: Well, I enjoy travelling.
Lynn: That's a good start. What about being a flight attendant?
Keiko: I can't do that part time. Besides, I'm afraid of flying.
Lynn : Do you like working outside? I know you love flowers.
Keiko: No. I'm not really interested in doing that. I can't stand working in the sun.
Lynn: Are you worried about making a lot of money?
Keiko: Not really. I'm just looking forward to getting a new
job. I'm good at doing clerical work, but I'm tired of having the same routine every day.
A. Listen and complete this conversation.
Lynn: Well, let's think. What do you enjoy____?
Keiko: Well, I enjoy____.
Lynn: That's a good start. What about____a flight attendant?
Keiko: I can't do that part time. Besides I'm afraid of____.
Lynn: Do you like____outside? I know you love flowers.
Keiko: No. I'm not really interested in____. I can't stand
____in the sun.
Lynn: Are you worried about____a lot of money?
Keiko: Not really. I'm just looking forward to____a new job.
I'm good at____clerical work, but I'm tired of____
the same routine every day.
B. Ask and answer questions on the text. Be sure to use gerunds.
C. Roleplay the conversation.
D. Complete the sentences about your partner and yourself. Don't forget to use at, about, of, in,or to.
My partner is tired__
(name) is afraid _ is worried
I am tired _
am afraid__
am worried
| is interested | am interested |
| is thinking | am thinking |
| is looking forward | am looking |
| is good | forward |
| am good |
E. Add у our own items to the list below. Then say what you like and don't like about your job or profession.
LIKES and DISLIKES
travelling answering the telephone
working with my hands filing
helping people working with numbers
driving working for a big company having responsibility
working for a small company sitting at a desk all day typing
Hike
I love
I enjoy travelling.
I don't like
I hate
I can't stand
?4 7lew 'Job
Patti is looking through a newspaper and she has just found an advertisement which says:
Situations Vacant
Secretaries
Can you type 100 words a minute?
Would you like more responsibility? ч , .
Have you got an attractive personality?
Would you like to work in New York?
We are looking for British secretaries for an American
Company.
Phone: 01-722 8635 for an interview
Patti: Alice! Have you seen this ad in the paper?
Alice: Oh, yes... but I'm not interested in finding a new job.
I've been here since I left school. I like working here. Patti: Really? I've only been here for two months and I'm
already tired of doing the same thing every day. I want
some adventure! Alice: Adventure! There's too much "adventure" in New
York. People are afraid of walking in the streets. Patti: Oh, come on! It's not that bad... and the salaries are
fantastic! Alice: I'm not interested in earning more money. I've got
enough now.
Patti: Ah, yes... but you live at home with your parents. Alice: But I like living with my parents. What's wrong with
that?
Pattr Nothing. But I like being independent. I like travel, ling, I enjoy meeting new people. I'm going to apply for the job.
Alice: Well, good luck.
A. Complete the sentences.
anew job.
1. Oh, yes... but I'm not interested___
2.1 like__here.
3. I'm already tired_______the same thing every day.
4. People are afraid________in the streets.
5. I'm not interested_______more money.
6. But I like______with my parents.
7. But I like_______independent.
8.1 enjoy________new people.
B. Ask and answer questions on the text.
C. Roleplay the conversation.
D. Answer the questions using gerunds.
1. What do you like doing in spring (summer, autumn, winter)? at weekends? on holiday? 2. What are you interested in? 3. What are you afraid of? Are you afraid of losing your job? Are you afraid of going to the dentist?
Harriet's friends always tell her to stop smoking. They think that smoking is unhealthy. Harriet knows that, but she still keeps on smoking. She wants to stop, but she can't. Smoking is a habit she just can't break.
Jennifer's mother always tells her to stop interrupting people while they're talking. She thinks that interrupting people is very rude. Jennifer knows that, but she still keeps on interrupting people. She wants to stop, but she can't. Interrupting people is a habit she just can't break.
Walter's wife always tells him to stop talking about business all the time. She thinks that talking about business all the time is boring. Walter knows that, but he still keeps on talking about business. He wants to stop, but he can't. Talking about business is a habit he just can't break.
a Read and retell the text.
$ You 're talking with the people in this story about their bad habits. Using this model, create dialogues based on the story
— Harriet?
— Yes?
_— You know... I don't mean to be critical, but I really think you should stop smoking.
— Oh?
. — Yes. Smoking is unhealthy. Don't you think so?
— You're right. The truth is ... I want to stop, but I can't. Smoking is a bad habit I just can't break.
C. Do you have any habits you "just can 't break"? Tell about them.
Woman: Which do you prefer: driving a car yourself or being a passenger?
Man: Well — that depends. I enjoy driving, especially on long empty roads where I can go nice and fast. But I'm not very fond of sitting in traffic jams waiting for lights to change, and things like that. I suppose I don't mind being a passenger, but only if I'm sure that the other person really can drive properly.
Woman: So you don't really like being in other people's cars, then?
Man: Well, as I say, it's all right with a good driver. Then I can relax, sit back and enjoy the scenery. But yes, you're right — on the whole I certainly prefer driving to being a passenger.
A. Which does the man prefer: driving himself or being a passenger?
Listen to the conversation again. Be sure to reproduce the sentences with gerunds
Study and practise the conversation. Look at this dialogue'
Ч За,
1ПО
Bill: ' Who is going to pay the bill? Tom: I don't mind paying it.
Make similar dialogues using the prompts.
1.... give me a lift?
2.... lend me $40 dollars till Monday?
3.... tell George the bad news?
4.... pay for the coffee?
5.... get the tickets?
6.... clean the car?
7.... ring the restaurant and book a table?
8.... open the wine?
E. Make similar dialogues. Do it as in the example.
Bill: I enjoy driving.
Tom: So do I.
Bill: I enjoy cycling.
Reg: Do you?
Note: By stressing the "do", Reg is not only asking a question but indicating that he is surprised that anyone could enjoy it.
1.... playing football 2.... cooking
3. ... watching television
4. ... listening to music
5. ... going to the opera' 6.... going to parties
Now use the same phrases with the expression fond of.
Bill: I'm fond of driving. Tom: So am I. Bill: I'm fond of cycling. Reg: Are you?
F. Make similar dialogues.
Bill: I don't like people arguing. Tom: Neither do I. Bill: I hate grumbling. Tom: So do I.
1.... driving in heavy rain.
2.... waiting in long queues.
3.... making calls from public telephone boxes.
4.... listening to people complaining
5.... writing "thank you" letters.
6.... travelling in the rush-hour
7.... visiting hospitals.
8.... going to the dentist.
G. Say which you prefer:
1. watching TV or listening to the radio 2. going to bed early or late 3. walking or taking a bus to your office 4. travelling by sea,,or by air 5. sunbathing or swimming 6. writing or receiving letters 6. taking a taxi or going by bus.
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything — not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. "You must give up fishing!" my friends say. "It's a waste of time." But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all.
A. Questions
1. What is the writer's favourite sport? 2. What do some unlucky fishermen catch? 3. Is the writer as lucky as they are, or js he not so lucky? 4. Does he ever catch anything? 5. Is he really interested in fishing? 6. What is the only thing that interests him?
*»• Complete the sentences.
1-... my favourite sport. 2.1 often fish for hours ... anything. 3' - fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 4.... whole mornings °n the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 5. You must... 6' I'm not really interested...
*-• Study and practise the text.
Ill
D. Join the sentences using gerunds.
eg He sat there. He didn't say anything. He sat there without saying anything.
1. He left and didn't say good-bye. 2. She went away and didn't say anything. 3. He passed and didn't greet us. 4. They translated the text. They didn't use a dictionary. 5. She went She didn't switch off the iron. 6. They spent hours there. They didn't do anything. 7. She bought the dress but she didn't try ц on. 8. She left and she didn't leave me a note. 9. She stood there She didn't notice him. 10. She left the house. She didn't lock the door. 11. He went out of the restaurant. He didn't pay the bill.
E. Join the sentences using gerunds.
eg I didn't do my homework. I went to the cinema instead. Instead of doing my homework I went to the cinema.
1. She didn't punish the boy. She gave him a sweet instead. 2 He didn't help me. He kept bothering me instead. 3. She didn't write a letter (as she had promised). She phoned me instead. 4. He didn't go to Spain. He went to Italy instead. 5. He didn't bring me the radio. He brought me the record-player instead. 6. She didn't do the house. She went swimming instead. 7. She didn't get a pair of shoes. She got a pair of boots instead.
eg He packed his things. Then he hurried to the station. After packing his things, he hurried to the station.
or After having packed his things, he hurried to the station
1. He finished work. Then he went home. 2. He had supper Then he went to bed. 3. She heard the news. Then she phoned her mother. 4. He spoke to the boss. Then he decided to leave. 5 1 worked in England for five years. Then I went to Australia. 6. He made a lot of money. Then he decided to travel around the world 7. The students did the test. Then they left the classroom. 8. She heard the news. She fainted. 9. He paid the bill. Then he left the hotel. 10. He left school. Then he went to university. 11. He stuiei-for three years but failed his exams. 12. He worked in an office for a while and then emigrated to Australia. 13. He tried "~r ('ra' jobs and then he became a farmer.
f Make sentences.
eg He/smoke He gave up smoking.
1. She/take music lessons 2. He/keep late hours 3. He/study art 4. She/practise music 5. He/swim 6. He/play hockey 7. She/ dance 8. He/fish 9. He/hunt 10. She/write poems 11. She/study German
eg My father/collect stamps My father is interested in
collecting stamps.
1. Betsy/travel 2. Kate/read 3. I/study English 4. John/play tennis 5. Nick/collect coins 6. Bob/fish 7. Donald/hunt 8. Helen/draw
Qlving a Patty
We've been thinking about inviting our friends Kathy and Peter for a long time. My wife, Ann, has been very busy, and we've postponed asking them for several weeks. But we finally got organized, called them, and asked them to come to dinner tonight.
We explained why we kept putting off our invitation, but Kathy and Peter appreciated being asked to spend the evening with us. As Kathy said, "It has been a long time since we've gotten together."
I used to practise baking pies and things when I was a kid — with my mother's help, of course. When I grew, I kept on improving my baking skills. These days, I enjoy making all kinds of desserts. Today, I finished working early so I could come home and make a cake.
At first, I considered making a cherry pie, but cherries are out of season right now. Ann suggested having ice cream, but I thought that was too easy. Then we talked about making cookies but decided a chocolate cake would be better. I always avoid doing things the easy way. Besides, we are pretty good cooks so we know our guests are looking forward to eating a special meal.
4. Ask and answer questions on the text. Be sure to use gerunds. Retell the text.
°- Choose the correct answer.
1 • I don't appreciate____when I'm speaking.
A: interrupting B: being interrupted
2. Avoid____your houseplants too much water.
A: giving B: being given
3. The mountain climbers are in danger of____by an avalanche, (лавина, снежный обвал)
A: killing В: being killed
4. Does Dr Johnson mind____at home if his patients need
his help?
A: calling B: being called
5. I'm interested in____my communication skills.
A: improving B: being improved
6. Mrs Gates appreciated____breakfast in bed when she
wasn't feeling well.
A: serving B: being served
7. Jack Welles has a good chance of____. I know I'm going to vote for him.
A: electing B: being elected
8. Sally's low test scores kept her from____to the university.
A: admitting B: being admitted
9. Mr Miller gave no indication of____his mind.
A: changing B: being changed
10. Sometimes young people complain about not____by
their parents.
A: understanding B: being understood
C. Complete the sentences by using gerunds. Add a prepositi after the gerund if necessary:
1. It was cold yesterday, so we postponed____the botanical
gardens. 2. The Porters' house is too small. They're considering ____a bigger house. 3. When Martha finished____the floor,
she dusted the furniture. 4. Sometimes students put off____their
homework. 5. I'm thinking about_____a biology course next
semester. 6. Beth doesn't like her job. She's talking about____a
different job. 7.1 enjoy_____sports. 8. I'm considering____New
York city. 9. A: Are you listening to me? B: Yes. Keep_____. I'm
listening. 10. He tries to avoid____with dishonest people. 11. James
is looking forward to____for the Acme Insurance company. 12. Linda suggested____the weekend in the country. 13. A: Do you v< ant
to have a break? В: No. I'm not tired yet. Let's keep on____another
hour or so. 14. They finished____the test at 12 o'clock. 15.1
'.Oil
haven't practised____the piano for a long time. 16. She doesn't
appreciate my_____ after her. 17. I don't enjoy____letters.
18.1 considered____the job but in the end I decided against it. 19. If
you use the shower, try and avoid_____water on the floor. 20.
Have you finished____the sink yet? 21. Why do you keep on____
at me like that? 22. They had to postpone____away because their
son was ill. 23. It's better to avoid____during the rush-hour.
24. Tom suggested____fish for dinner. 25. I'm looking forward
to my friend. 26. Do you think you'll get another Honda? —
No. I'm considering____a Toyota. 27. What do you usually do
in your free time in the evening? — I enjoy____a good book.
27. A: What are you doing? B: I'm helping Teddy with his
homework. A: When you finish____him, could you help me in
the kitchen?
I have an idea. We all need money, so how about writing and selling a newspaper? That's a good idea, Tom. But is anybody interested in writing articles?
Well, I like writing stories. So does Ann. So do I. And I enjoy making up quizzes and puzzles. I don't mind interviewing people. Neither do I.
How about asking Paul to do the drawings? He's good at drawing cartoons. So am I.
No, you're not. You can't draw anything. Neither can you. Anyway, I'd like to write about cleaning up the environment. Everybody's interested in that.
4. Recall the sentences with gerunds.
°- Read and roleplay the conversation.
c- Express solidarity, using the expression "good at + -ing".
~~- I'm good at swimming. — Betty isn't good at drawing. ~- So am I. — Neither is Helen.
D. Put the verbs in brackets in the -ing form. Role-play the_ conversation.
Nick: People are tired of (read) about the same old things in newspapers.
Jenny: Have you got any new ideas?
Nick: Well, I'm good at (write) about football.
Jenny: That's not new! Can't you think of (do) anything else '
Nick: Why? Isn't everybody crazy about (play) football?
Jenny: No. How about (have) a music page? You're fond of (listen to) music.
Nick: And we could have a joke column. I'm good at (tell) jokes.
Jenny: Are you still interested in (do) an article about the environment?
Nick: Of course. And I' ve got an idea. How about (organize) a competition? Readers have to suggest ways of (make) schools "greener". They should send in ideas on (reduce) waste paper like stopping exams, tests, essays ..
E. Write true answers to the questions with verbs in the -ing/form
eg Are you good at drawing cartoons?
No, I'm not. But I am good at making model cars.
or Yes, I am. I'm also good at painting pictures.
1. Are you good at repairing things? 2. Are you interested in collecting stamps? 3. Are you bored with watching television? 4. Are you good at saving money? 5. Are you interested in reading computer magazines? 6. Are you tired of doing English exercises?
Colin:! enjoy doing lazy things, because I'm not a very active person. I'm not ambitious. I have a lot of friends and I love spending time with them. I never quarrel and I like helping others to solve their problems.
Sаrаh:I'm a busy, active person. I prefer moving around to staying in one place. I enjoy using my brain, but sometimes I have difficulty in concentrating. I love discus-
sing, but sometimes I'm too talkative. I'm interested in doing lots of things, all at the same time. Brian:I can't stand doing the same thing over and over again. I'm adventurous and competitive. I have a lot of energy and I like taking risks. Sometimes I'm a bit selfish. If I want something, I keep on trying until I succeed in getting it.
A. Read through the character description again and discuss what is generally true for you. Be honest1
B. Paraphrase using difficulty:
eg I found a place to live but it was difficult. I found difficulty (in) finding a place to live.
1. Tom finds it difficult to meet people. Tom has... 2. He found a job. This wasn't difficult. He had no... 3. It won't be difficult to get a ticket for the concert. You won't have any... 4. I find it difficult to understand him when he speaks quickly. I have... 5.1 found it difficult to translate the article. I had... 6. He did the work. This wasn't difficult. He had no...
C. Respond to the following statements expressing your dislikes.
eg Nina likes to sing.
I can't stand her singing.
1. Bob plays his violin from morning till night. 2. The baby keeps crying. 3. My son often leaves his things about. 4. My husband smokes at home. 5. My wife does some typing at home. 6. She is always grumbling. 7. He is always complaining.
D. Make sentences with the verb succeed.Use the prompts. eg He/pass the exam. He succeeded in passing the exam.
1. Mike/win the prize 2. My sister/translate the text 3. Bob/do the test 4. My colleagues/carry out the research5. They/complete the experiment 6. She/do the work in time.
Jane В.: I must apologize for being late.
Steve: That's quite all right, Miss Bruce. Perhaps you could
start by telling me how your career began.
Jane В.: Well, I suppose I was very lucky, really. I won a local beauty competition. At that time, I had no expc. rience in modelling.
Steve: What do you enjoy most about your job?
Jane B.: Oh, there are so many things! I'm very fond of tra\ oiling, for example, and I'm interested in meeting people. My job gives me the opportunity of doing both. I'm looking forward to going to New Yoik next month.
Steve: Do you ever get tired of standing in front of cameras9
Jane В.: No, that's my job. I'm used to working long hours
Steve: Is there anything you dislike about your job?
Jane В.: I don't like getting up early, and our work often begins at 7 o'clock. I can't risk catching a cold or being ill. I've had to give up smoking and I have to watch my weight all the time.
Steve: One last question, are you ever afraid of losing your friends back home?
Jane В.: No, I try to go back whenever I'm in this countn I've still got the same friends I've always had.
Steve: Thank you very much, Miss Bruce.
A. Questions
1. How did Jane's career start? 2. What does she enjoy most about her job? 3. What is Jane looking forward to? 4. What docs Jane dislike about her job? 5. Is she afraid of losing her friends back home?
B. Complete the sentences from the conversation.
I. I must apologise... 2. Perhaps you could start ... me how your career bagan. 3. At that time, I had no experience... 4. I'm very fond... 5. I'm interested ... people. 6. My job gives me the opportunity... both. 7. I'm looking forward ... to New York next month. 8. Do you ever get tired ... in front of cameras? 3. I'm used ... long hours. 10. I don't like ... early. 11. I can't risk . • a cold or... ill. 12. I've had to give up... 13. One last question, are you ever afraid ... your friends back home?
C. Roleplay the conversation.
л Complete the following by usingby + a gerund. Use the words ' (he list or your own words.
eat smile watch
drink wag wave
guess wash write grow
1. Students practise written English by writing compositions.
2 We clean our clothes____them in soap and water. 3. I save
money on food____my own vegetables. 4. Khalid improved his
English____a lot of TV. 5. We show other people we are
happy____. 6. We satisfy our hunger____something. 7. We
quench our thirst____something. 8.1 figured out what "quench"
means____. 5. Alex caught my attention____his arms in the
air. 10. My dog shows me she is happy____her tail.
Complete the following with your own words. Use byand a gerund.
11. Students show teachers they want to say something____
their hands. 12. You can destroy bacteria in meat____ft. 13. You
can cook an egg____it or____it. 14. After work, I relax____
or____.
E. Make sentences with afraidan d tired followed by gerunds.
eg She is afraid of being punished, eg I'm tired of washing the linen.
F. Now read these situations and write a sentence with be/get used to.
eg Frank lives alone. He doesn't mind this. He has always lived alone, (he/used/live/alone) He is used to living alone.
1. Ron sleeps on the floor. He doesn't mind this. He has always slept on the floor, (he/used/ sleep/on the floor) He...
2. Sue moved from a big house to a much smaller one. What did she have to get used to? (she had/used/live in a smaller house) Sue had...
3. Jack once went to the Middle East. It was too hot for him. (he/not/'used/the heat)
4. Bill doesn't have any money. He doesn't find this unusual because he has never had any money, (he/used/have/no money)
5. Tom is going to live in your country. What will he have to get used to? (Write your own answer!) He'll have to
Now you have to put the verb into the correct form, -ingor infinitive.
eg Jane had to get used to driving on the left, (drive)
Bill used to be very fit. Now he's in terrible condition, (be)
1. When I was a child, I used to... swimming every day. (go) 2 It took me a long time to get used to ... glasses, (wear) 3. There used to ... a cinema on this corner but it was knocked down, (be) 4.1m the boss. I'm not used to ... told what to do. (be) 5. You'll have to get used to ... less if you want to lose weight, (eat) 6.1 used to ... Ann but now she gets on my nerves, (like) 7. Ron got tired very quickly. He wasn't used to... so fast, (run) 8. Tom used to... a lot of coffee when he was a student, (drink) 9. It won't take you long m get used to ... with your new computer, (work) 10. My parents used to ... in London, but now they live in Bristol, (live) 11. Bruno is Italian, but he has lived in London for over 5 years. He has got used to... English food now, but when he first arrived in Eng] and he didn't like it very much, (eat) 12. Mike found Africa strange at first. He wasn't used to... in such a hot climate, (live) 13.1 normally go to bed at about 10 o'clock. I'm not used to... up late, (stay) 14 I used to ... on a farm once and had to get up at 5 o'clock every morning, (work) It was difficult at first because I wasn't used to ... so early, (get up)
Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through the forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of the forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag m their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued running. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down
and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight to them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and •ran away. "The strap needs mending," said Mrs Sterling later, "but they did not steal anything."
д. Questions
1. How many men tried to steal Mrs Sterling's handbag? 2. What was she doing at the time? 3. Did they take the bag after a struggle or not? Where did they run? 4. What did Mrs Sterling do? 5. Did she manage to get her handbag back?
B. Study and practise the text.
C. Now you have to make sentences with need -ing.Use the verb in brackets.
eg This coat is rather dirty, (clean) It needs cleaning.
1. This room hasn't been painted for years, (paint) 2. Your hair is too long, (cut) 3. Those shoes are rather dirty, (polish) 4. This plant hasn't been watered for some tune, (water) 5. Your jeans are too long, (take up) 6. Your passport is out of date, (renew) 7. The cat is hungry, (feed) 8. The brakes on my car aren't working very well. I think they need (adjust).
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours. The man was ordered to pay £500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket was £370'
A. Read the text, ask and answer questions on the text.
B. Retell the text.
С. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. He hates (interrupt). 2.1 appreciated (invite) to your home? 3. Nobody likes (laugh) at. 4. She avoids (introduce) to him. 5. She is proud of (offer) that interesting job. 6. He was surprised at (send) an invitation. 7.1 know she hates (praise) 8. The man was astonished at (award). 9. She is looking forward to (invite) to the party. 10. He insists on (tell) everything.
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. "Hullo, Bert," I said. "Fancy meeting you here!" "Hullo, Elizabeth," Bert answered. "I was just wondering how to spend the morning — until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?"
"No, not at all," I answered. "I'm going to..." "Would you mind my coming with you?" he asked, before I had finished speaking.
"Not at all," I lied, "but I'm going to the dentist." "Then I'll come with you," he answered. "There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!"
A. Complete these sentences.
1.1 crossed the street to avoid... him, but he saw me and came... towards me. 2. It was no use ... that I had not seen him. 3.1 never enjoy ... Bert Dykes. 4. He always insists ... with you. 5.1 had to think of a way ... him ... me around all morning. 6. Fancy ... you here! 7. "Would you mind ... with you?" he asked, before I had finished...
B. Study and practise the text.
C. Compare these sentences'
Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind my opening the window?
(me)
Combine the following. Change "thatfact" to a gerund phrase. Use formal English. Discuss informal usage.
1. Mary won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact. = •\Ve are excited about Mary's (Mary) winning a scholarship. 2. He didn't want to go. I couldn't understand that fact. = I couldn't understand his (him) not wanting to go. 3. You took the time to help us. We greatly appreciate that fact. 4. We talked about him behind his back. The boy resented that fact. 5. They ran away to get married. That fact shocked everyone. 6. You don't want to do it. I don't understand that fact. 7. Ann borrowed Sally's clothes without asking her first. Sally complained about that fact. 8. Helen is here to answer our questions about the company's new insurance plan. We should take advantage of that fact.
D. Paraphrase using gerunds.
eg My mother insists that I should give up smoking.
My mother insists on my (me) giving up smoking, eg He insists that his mother should be taken to hospital.
He insists on his mother's (mother) being taken to hospital.
1. Her father insisted that she should take up medicine. 2. He insisted that we should join him. 3. He insisted that the boy should be punished. 4. My wife insists that we should go to Italy. 5. She insists that she should be given responsibility. 6. Why do you insist that he should give up sports? 7. He insists that John should be invited. 8. My mother insists that I should get married. 9. My husband insists that we should spend our holidays abroad. 10. The doctor insisted that she should follow his instruction. 11.1 insist that he should be invited. 12. Jack insisted that he should go by himself. 13. Tom insisted that he should drive Ann to the station. 14. Mrs Lee insisted that her daughter should have a rest.
E. In this exercise you have to join two sentences to make one sentence.
eg Don't worry about it. It's no use.
It's no use worrying about it. eg Don't get a taxi. It's not worth it.
It's not worth getting a taxi.
1. Don't try to escape. It's no use. It's no use... 2. Don't smoke.
It's a waste of money. It's a waste... 3. Don't ask Tom to help you. It's no good. It's no good... 4. Don't hurry. It's not worth it. It's not worth... 5. Don't study if you're feeling tired. There's no point. There's no point... 6. Don't read newspapers. It's a waste of time. It's a... 7. Don't get angry. It's not worth it. It's not.. 8. Don't work if you don't need the money. There's no point. There's... 9. Don't try to make him change his mind. It's no use. It's...
F. Make sentences using prevent from.
eg see this scene You must prevent him from seeing this scene.
1. take part in the game 2. join the expedition 3. take up medicine 4. swim in this filthy river 5. go out today 6. see her 7. waste his money 8. give up music 9. buy this coat
G. Respond to the following statements.
eg, — He won $ 500,000
— Fancy him winning $ 500,000.
eg — He didn't want to leave prison.
— Fancy him not wanting to leave prison.
1. They queued all night. 2. He spent a month underground 3. He was dismissed for working too hard. 4. They keep a snake as a pet. 5. He lost all his savings. 6. She bought that expensive vase. 7. She wore that awful dress. 8. He didn't recognize her.
H. Complete the sentences using(i) the object form + -ing or (u) the possessive + -ing form.
eg Do you mind ... (I/open) the window?
(i) Do you mind me opening the window? (ii) Do you mind my opening the window?
1.1 don't mind... (you/borrow) my car. 2. Do you mind... (I/ switch on) the TV? 3. They insisted on ... (we/stay) for dinner with them. 4. How do you feel about... (they/get) married? 5. Ann's parents don't like ... (she/go) to bed late. 6. I was surprised about... (Sue/forget) to come to the meeting. 7.1 can't excuse (she/not answer) our invitation. 8. Please forgive ... (I/answer) like that. 9. They can't prevent ... (he/become) an actor. 10. I
can't bear... (he/be treated) like that. 11. You must pardon... (he/ not answer) your letter. 12. Would you mind ... (she/join) us?
/. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
1. There are several ways of... 2. There is no way of... 3. Is there any way of...? 4. I don't see any way of... 5. There are different ways of...
It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, "I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night." I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, "I enjoy cleaning windows at night."
"So do I," answered the policeman in the same tone. "Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?"
"Well, I'd prefer to stay here," I said. "You see I've forgotten my key."
"Your what?" he called.
"My key," I shouted.
Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the door just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.
A. Complete the sentences.
1. I tried to wake up my wife ... the door-bell. 2. I began ... towards the bedroom window. 3.1 don't think the windows need... at this time of the night. 4.1 immediately regretted ... in the way I did. 5. I enjoy ... windows at night. 5. Excuse my ... you. 6. Would you mind ... with me to the station? 7. Fortunately, the ... w»ke up my wife.
&• Questions
1. What time did the man return home? 2. Why did he have to Use a ladder to get into his house? 3. Who saw him? 4. What did
the policeman think? 5. What did the man tell the policeman?
6. What was the policeman going to do?
C. Study and practise the text.
D. Make sentences with by ...-ing.
eg Richard often helps his brother. He gives him money and advice.
Richard helps his brother by giving him money and advice. *
1. Children learn how to speak without teachers. They listen and they practise. 2. David learned how to play chess without a teacher. He watched his father play. 3. When Hugo was in England he listened carefully and always spoke English. As a result he learned perfect English. 4. Susan wanted to lose weight and she did. She ate less. 5. Fred lost a lot of weight, too. He took more exercise. 6. Bob simply took pills. He lost a stone. (14 Ibs.) 7. Fred went out and looked for his first job and got it. 8. Bob's first job was very good. He advertised for it in the paper. 9. Fred worked 16 hours a day and he got rich. 10. Bob got rich too. He married a rich woman. 11. The film star killed herself. She took a bottle of sleeping pills.
E. Paraphrase the sentences using gerunds.
eg I'm sorry I'm late.
Excuse my being late.
1. I'm sorry I called you so late. 2. I'm sorry I bothered you. 3. I'm sorry I interrupted you. 4. I'm sorry I didn't come on time. 5. I'm sorry I kept you waiting. 6. I'm sorry I broke the cup.
7. I'm sorry I gave you so much trouble.
eg I am sorry I have said this.
I regret saying (having said) this.
1. I regret that I came so late. 2. I regret that I missed that performance. 3. He regretted that he hadn't booked a ticket in advance. 4. She was sorry that she hadn't taken part in the picnic. 5. We were sorry that we hadn't sent him a telegram. 6. She is sorry that she hasn't seen the film. 7. I'm sorry I didn't meet him.
L.K. Fontana is a Cambridge Don. He is also a famous writer. 30 years ago he wrote a strange fantasy called "King of the Circles". It was about strange people called "Bobbins" who live in holes in the ground. The book is very popular now, especially in America. In a recent interview on television, Mr Fontana said this about himself. "I know some people think I'm some kind of philosopher. Actually, I'm a very ordinary kind of person and I enjoy very ordinary things. For instance, the first thing I say after getting up in the morning is always: "Ah, good! I'm still alive. Now I can enjoy smoking for another 24 hours." I probably enjoy smoking too much. My doctor once told me I ought to stop. "What?" I said. "Stop smoking? Why don't you ask me to stop living, too?"
Good simple food is another great pleasure. I really enjoy seeing, smelling, touching, and then, finally, eating a good pork pie... or good mashed potatoes... or simple English cheese, not too new. I also enjoy drinking good English beer.
There are things I hate, too. For instance, I hate getting up early in winter. I also hate eating watery vegetables. Nasty overcooked things! Most of all however, I hate marking test papers. All poor professors have to do it in the summer. That's how "King of the Circles" started, you know: I had to stay up late marking one night, and then, around 3 in the morning, I just could not go on. Suddenly I saw a blank piece of paper and I can remember writing the first sentence of the book on it. "Once upon a time, there was a deep hole and a Bobbin lived in it."
A. Recall the sentences where gerunds are used.
B. Study and practise the text.
C. Malcolm can 'tjind his wallet anywhere. He is trying to recall how he lost it. Rewrite his thoughts starting each one with I remember.
1.1 got off the train.
I remember getting off the train. 2.1 walked to the bus-stop.
3. Some boys came behind me.
4. They pushed past me.
5.1 dropped my briefcase. 6. One of the boys ran away.
Make sentences of your own with remember doing.
eg that book a long time ago =
I remember reading that book a long time ago
1. that film last year.
2. this word in the last lesson
3. all my money in my coat pocket
4. a toy horse for Christmas when I was 5
5. in that park last summer
6. in that hotel 4 summers ago
7. a steak in that restaurant
8. very late one night
D. Make progressive substitutions using stop doing smth.
eg You ought to stop smoking.
drinking — You ought to stop drinking, shouting — You ought to stop shouting. Please — Please stop shouting We ought— We ought to stop shouting.
You ought to stop smoking.
1. going there 7. laughing
2. Please 8. saying that
3. shouting 9. doing that
4. they ought 10. you ought to
5. talking 11 • eating so much bread
6. Please 12. working so hard
Harry: Nora! Nora!
Nora (coming into the room): Yes, what is it now, Harry?
Harry: Oh, there you are. Look here, Nora. I'm tired of lyir -
here on my back with nothing to do. I hate don .
nothing.
Don't be silly, Harry. You've got a temperature, ai >
staying in bed is the only sensible thing to do. No'.
Nora:
just be quiet, and stop preventing me from doing my
housework. Harry: No, seriously, Nora. I can't bear it. Lying flat on my
back!
Nora: Well then, try lying on your stomach for a change! Harry: Stop being funny. I'm going to get up. I'm quite all
right. What's the use of staying in bed? Nora: I think you're being very silly. You'll only make your
temperature go up again.
Harry: It's no use talking, Nora — being ill doesn't suit me. Nora: No — and trying to nurse you doesn't suit me. Harry: Now don't be bitter about it. You know I'm grateful
to you for looking after me, but you mustn't try to
keep me in bed like a naughty boy.
Nora: Well, you began it by behaving like a naughty boy! Harry: I'm all against this staying in bed for no reason. Nora: Harry, being ill is a reason. Now don't stand by that
window and catch another cold... Let me see, half past
eleven.
Harry: Why do you keep looking at the clock? Nora: I'm expecting mother. She's coming over for the day. Harry: Good heavens! I didn't know that. Nora: Yes, I think she has something she wants to talk to
you about. Harry: Oh, heavens, has she? Oh, you know, Nora, perhaps I
had better get back to bed. Nora: Oh, what a pity! I thought, perhaps, you might stay up
and see her.
Harry: That's the very reason I'm getting back into bed. Nora: What did you say? Harry: Oh, nothing.
A. Recall the sentences with gerunds used in the conversation.
B. Learn the conversation at home and roleplay it in class.
C. Your friend has some problems and you have to be helpful, for each problem write a question with try.
eg I can't find anywhere to live, (put an advertisement in the newspaper)
Have you tried putting an advertisement in the newspaper?
or
Why don't you try putting an advertisement in the newspaper?
1. My electric shaver is not working, (change the batteries) 2.1 can't contact Fred. He's not at home, (phone him at work)
3. I'm having difficulty sleeping at night, (take sleeping tablets)
4. The television picture isn't very good, (move the aerial)
In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct foi т -ing or to+infinitive.
1. I'll try (come) to the meeting, but I'm not sure if I'll be able to. 2. If you get hiccups, you should try (drink) a glass of water. If that doesn't work, try (hold) your breath. 3. You can borrow my camera, but please try (be) careful with it. 4. "This soup doesn't taste very good." "Try (put) in some more salt." 5. We tried (put) the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire-brigade. 6. Sue needed some money. She tried (ask) Gerry but he couldn't help her. 7. He tried (reach) the shelf but he wasn't tall enough. 8. "I need to borrow some money." "Why don't you try (ask) your parents to lend you some?"
D. What does it mean in each of these sentences? Use the -ing form of the words in the box in your answers.
eg It can be dangerous, especially at midday.
Sunbathing can be dangerous, especially at midday.
live on your own babysit sunbathe smoke
read English swim watch late night horror films
1. It is a big responsibility, especially with very young children.
2. It is a very good way of keeping fit.
3. It can give you nightmares.
4. It is quite difficult if you are used to being with a lot of people.
5. It is much easier than speaking it.
6. It can ruin your health.
f Make up sentences with gerunds.
eg I'm against buying this house, eg I'm grateful to you for bringing the records, eg What's the use of staying in bed? eg I'm angry with Peter because he keeps borrowing money from me.
p. Join the following pairs of sentences and rephrase them using by, instead ofor without.
1. She ruined her watch. She dropped it in the sea. 2. We got to the station just on time. We took a taxi. 3. He went out. He didn't take any money with him. 4. Don't complain. Why don't you help me instead? 5. Don't look at the price tag. Guess how much I paid for this jacket. 6. He worked too long at his computer screen. He damaged his eyes. 7. She made a speech. She didn't look at her notes.
G. Complete the sentences with one of the prepositions -by, instead ofor withoutand the gerund (-ing form) of the words in brackets.
1. It would be more sensible for him to save his money (spend) it like water. 2. It's a silly game where you have to run with a glass of water (spill/any of it). 3. She irritates people (talk) in a funny voice all the time. 4. I don't like him. He's one of those people who talks and talks (ever/stop). 5. Now that I've become more health-conscious, I'll always grill food (fry) it.
Juliet wants to go abroad for a holiday but Steve wants to stay at home, in Britain.
Juliet: Why don't we go abroad for .a change? Where I'd like
to go is France, Spain, or Italy even. Steve: Mm. I'm not all that keen really. I'd rather stay at home. Juliet: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun! Steve: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Juliet: Oh, it isn't Steve. Not these days. Steve. Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a
holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another
• 343
thing, the travelling would be easier. No boats, planes or anything.
Juliet: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we can travel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wasting our summer holiday here.
Steve: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when we go abroad. I hate all that And it's so confusing.
Juliet: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.
Steve: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages — you know that. It's all right for you. You can speak foreign languages.
Juliet: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practise my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work
Steve: Mm, but that's no use to me.
Juliet: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet!
Steve: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much.
Juliet: I'm sorry, Steve. No, I just don't fancy another cold English summer.
A. Questions
1. Where does Juliet want to spend the holiday? 2. Why doesn't Steve want to go abroad? 3. Why is he for spending the holiday in Britain? 4. Why is Juliet against?
B. Recall the phrases with gerunds used in the conversation.
C. Say why Juliet is for spending the holiday abroad and vvM Steve is against.
E. Roleplay the conversation.
F. Use the ideas and the language from this dialogue to write и short conversation between two friends who are planning a holiday. The two friends could be discussing the points for ^ against two of the following:
— having a holiday with the whole family.
— a camping holiday.
— a holiday in the south.
Here are some useful phrases from the conversation.
Introducing points Introducing points
For Against
Think of... Yes, but...
The best thing about... is... But look...
I'm sorry, I just don't...
Even so...
Nevertheless...
Linking two points
For or Against
And another thing...
Anyway...
And what's more...