Half of US Jobs Now Held by Women
1. Women are on their way to holding more than half of all American jobs. The latest government report shows that their share of jobs nearly reached fifty percent in September. Not only have more and more women entered the labor market over the years, but the recession has been harder on men. In October the unemployment rate for men was almost eleven percent, compared to eight percent for women.
2. Industries that traditionally use lots of men have suffered deep cuts. For example, manufacturing and building lost more jobs last month. But health care and temporary employment services have had job growth. Both of those industries employ high percentages of women. Thirty years ago, women earned sixty-two cents for every dollar that men earned. Now, for those who usually work full time, women earn about eighty percent of what men earn. Women hold fifty-one percent of good-paying management and professional jobs.
3. Men still hold about nine out of every ten top positions at the four hundred largest companies in California. The results have remained largely unchanged in five years of studies have been interviewed fifteen women. They all value their independence and many enjoy having the power of control. But women also feel pressure, worry and guilt as women still take care of the children. Also, men who are not the main earners may feel threatened.
4. The job market continues to suffer the effects of last year's financial crash. Now, a judgment has been reached in the first case involving charges of criminal wrongdoing on Wall Street. Last week, the government lost its case against two managers at Bear Stearns, the first investment bank to fail last year. The Justice Department continues to investigate other companies.
(From the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter, 2009, November)
VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)
а) истинными (true)
б) ложными (false)
в) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1) The unemployment rate for men and women was the same.
2) Health care and temporary employment services employ high percentages of women.
3) An economic research group reported this week that the recession in the United States ended in June of last year.
VIII. Прочитайте 3 абзац и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
Where do men still hold about nine out of every ten top positions?
Задание №3
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения
(a – j), соответствующие существительным:
| 1) growth | a) selling and sending goods to other countries |
| 2) salary | b) money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month |
| 3) inflation | c) the ability of a company, country, or a product to compete with others |
| 4) trade-off | d) continuing increase in the prices of goods and services |
| 5) crisis | e) an increase in size, amount, or degree |
| 6) competitiveness | f) an organization that holds money, important documents and other valuables in safe keeping, and lends money at interest |
| 7) export | g) the amount of money in an economy at a particular time |
| 8) capital | h) a person who buys goods and services for his\her own use and not for resale |
| 9) consumer | i) balance between two situations in order to get an acceptable result |
| 10) bank | j) a period of good difficulty, danger or uncertainty in Economics |
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на казахский/ русский язык.
1) There are many different market structures in the world.
2) In a monopoly, one company has a much larger market share.
3) The labour market obeys the laws of supply and demand.
III. a) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на казахский/ русский язык.
1) Deregulation of services like transport and banking has happened in many countries in recent years.
2) Schaeffer, a privately held industrial group, made an $17.8 billion offer for Continental, one of the world’s biggest suppliers of car parts.
3) The first two sick days are paid by the employer.
IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на казахский/ русский язык.
1) Managers who can operate effectively across cultures and national borders are invaluable in global business.
2) Americans may object to their central bank displacing private lenders.
3) Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil) that grow coffee.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2 и укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на казахский/ русский язык.
1) Like most things in our modern, changing world, the function of management is becoming more complex.
2) The operations required to perform a particular job could be identified.
3) In managing organizations mentioned it is necessary to draw on intuition and subjective judgment.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на казахский/ русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3.