Look through the following vocabulary notes which will help you understand the text and discuss the topic.
UNIT 1 MANAGEMENT AND THE ORGANIZATION
Getting started
All human activities take place within a structured social system or ‘organization’. This is true whether it be a family, a city, a business or a church. Many of these organizations have a formal structure, the purpose of which is to make it possible to achieve the objectives of that organization. Within that, formal structure there is a group of people who plan, organize, direct, and control the day-to-day operations of the organization – the managers.
Management is that group of activities undertaken by managers. It can also be defined as a social process entailing responsibility for the effective and economical planning and regulation of the operations of an enterprise in the fulfilment of a given task or purpose.
In this unit, we will look at how managers act today and consider some organizational characteristics, which are present in every organization.
Discuss the following points.
1. Could you describe a family, a city or a church as a structured social system or ‘organization’?
2. Define the concept of management the way you understand it.
Look through the following vocabulary notes which will help you understand the text and discuss the topic.
activities | действия, деятельность |
peripheral activities | второстепенная деятельность |
structure | структура |
structured, well-structured | (хорошо) структурированный |
a formal structure | формальная структура |
to achieve objectives/goals | достигать целей |
to attain objectives/goals | достигать целей |
to plan | планировать |
to implement a plan | выполнить план |
planning | планирование |
to organise | организовать |
organising | организация (как функция менеджмента) |
organization | организация |
line and staff organization | линейно-функциональная организация |
organization chart | организационная структура |
a matrix organization | матричная организация |
to direct | направлять, руководить |
directing | руководство |
to control | управлять, контролировать |
controlling | совокупность анализа, прогнозирования, принятия решений, их корректировка в соответствии со стратегическими целями компании, контроль |
to undertake smth/doing smth | предпринимать, брать на себя |
economic | экономический |
economical | экономически выгодный |
to fulfil/complete a task | выполнить задание |
to entail smth | повлечь за собой |
to enable smbd to do smth | дать возможность к-л сделать ч-л |
to unify | объединять |
interconnected/interrelated | взаимосвязанный |
a department | отдел |
a unit | структурная единица |
a division | подразделение |
a line department | линейный отдел |
a rule | правило |
a regulation | положение, предписание |
to govern | управлять |
to operate a department | управлять отделом |
personnel | штат, кадры, личный состав |
staff | штат, персонал |
human resources | людские ресурсы |
to bring together | объединять |
a function | функция |
to function | функционировать |
to perform a function | выполнять функцию |
to create | творить, создавать |
creativity | творчество |
communication | система информационных потоков в организации |
communication networks | коммуникационные сети |
communications channels | каналы передачи информации |
to coordinate | координировать |
to motivate | мотивировать |
to review plans | пересматривать планы |
to train staff | обучать персонал |
hierarchy | иерархия |
hierarchical | иерархический |
emphasis | акцент, особое значение |
senior management | администраторы высшего уровня |
middle management | администраторы среднего уровня |
supervise | надзирать, контролировать |
supervisor | контролер |
supervisory management | руководители низшего уровня |
time horizon | промежуток времени |
horizontal relationships | горизонтальные связи |
a schedule of work | рабочий график |
to delegate | делегировать |
delegation | делегирование |
a subordinate | подчиненный |
monetary incentives | денежные стимулы |
span of control | норма управляемости, диапазон контроля |
chain of command | цепь инстанций, порядок субординации |
authority | полномочия, компетенция |
job rotation | ротация должностей |
job description | должностные обязанности |
enlargement | расширение |
enrichment | материальное благополучие |
to overcome | преодолеть |
resistance | сопротивление |
to measure smth against smth | сравнивать |
a budget | бюджет |
to budget | составлять смету/бюджет |
budgeted results | запланированные результаты |
to deviate from | отклоняться |
skills | навыки |
interpersonal skills | навыки межличностного общения |
division of labour | разделение труда |
chief executive | директор, президент компании |
chief accountant | главный бухгалтер |
distribution manager | начальник отдела сбыта |
cost accountant | бухгалтер по учету затрат |
internal auditor | штатный аудитор |
advertising manager | менеджер по рекламе |
sales manager | менеджер по продажам |
market research officer | аналитик конъюнктуры рынка |
behaviour patterns | модели поведения |
team approach | командный подход |
teamwork | командное взаимодействие |
accountability | подотчетность |
to be accountable to smbd | быть подотчетным к/л |
a conflict | конфликт, спор |
Reading
Management – a Unifying Resource
Any organization has a role or objective. In private business that would be to produce and offer for sale a product or service, in order to maximise profit and the wealth of the shareholders. In order to do so the organization must have a structure - an interconnected system of departments and units, together with a set of operational rules and regulations governing their work. To operate these departments will need the appropriate plant and equipment and above all the personnel to operate the system. The decisions as to how this system be structured and operated, and for what purposes, are made by managers. Management is, therefore, best seen as a unifying resource, bringing together resources (people, materials, machines and money) in order to achieve the objectives of the organization.