Ex.6. Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
Nuclear Power Plants
The energy for operating a nuclear power plant comes from the heat released during the fissioning of uranium or plutonium atoms is a nuclear reactor. This fission heat is used to generate steam, which drives a turbine generator. Thus, they are two main differences between a nuclear power plant and a stream-electric power plant: The nuclear power plant uses a nuclear fuel instead a fossil fuel, and it uses a reactor instead of a boiler.
The fissioning uranium - 235 or plutonium-239 atoms – atoms the primary nuclear fuels – is caused by the impacts of neutrons of these atoms. The fissioning process not only produced heat but also several additional neutrons that can cause fissioning of other uranium-235 or plutonium-239 atoms. Thus, by proper arrangement of the atoms of the fuel, a sustained chain reaction can be maintained to provide a steady source for heat for operating a power plant. This chain reaction is controlled by regulating the number and the energy of the neutrons as they proceed from one fission reaction to another.
There are various types of nuclear reactors. The major differences between them are the form of the fuel, the methods for controlling the number and energy of the neutrons, and the type of liquid or gas used to remove the heat from the reactor core.
1. What does the energy come from?- The energy for operating a nuclear power plant comes from the heat released during the fissioning of uranium or plutonium atoms is a nuclear reactor
2.What are the major differences between nuclear reactors?- The major differences between nuclear reactors are the form of the fuel, the methods for controlling the number and energy of the neutrons, and the type of liquid or gas used to remove the heat from the reactor core.
Ex.7. Read the text and find in them the answers to the questions that follow.
Windscale Accident.
Throughout the years, accidents causing a release of radioactive material to the environment have occurred. Since World War II all over the world large scale nuclear facilities have been built and operated both for civil and defense purposes. Some of the sites on which these facilities were located re heavily contaminated with radioactive substances.
One the first nuclear reactor accidents of environmental concern was the Windscale accident in October 1957. During the accident the military air- cooled graphite-moderated natural-uranium reactor used for plutonium production caught fire during liberation of energy in the graphite. Emission from the Windscale lasted for 18 hours. Radioactive material was detectable in many parts of Western Europe but the majority of it was deposited in the United Kingdom.
1. How long did the emission from the Windscale reactor last?- Emission from the Windscale lasted for 18 hours
2. What did the emission result in?-Radioactive material was detectable in many parts of Western Europe but the majority of it was deposited in the United Kingdom.
III. Speaking
Ex. 8. Answer the questions:
1.What is the structure of any letter?
1. With the advent of email, it is becoming less and less common to write letters, but the few letters that you will write will probably be very important ones, such as covering letters for job applications, covering letters for questionnaires or surveys which are part of your research, or letters of complaint to your bank manager.
2.What are the rules of letter writing? Enumerate them.
2. HEADING: Includes the address and the date. In some cases, it is OK to just write the date.
GREETING: The greeting usually starts with 'Dear' and is followed the person's name and then a comma.
BODY: After skipping a line, you begin the body of your letter which is the main text of your letter. Indent for each new paragraph.
CLOSING: The closing includes a short capitalized expression such as 'Sincerely' or 'Love' and is followed by a comma. Skip a line after the body before writing your closing.
SIGNATURE: You sign your name beginning directly below the closing.
Sometimes you may add a POSTSCRIPT at the end of your letter. You write P.S., add a note and then end it with your initials.
3.What words and language do we use while writing informal letters?