Life at College and University
The academic year in Britain’s universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education is divided into three terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March, and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.
There are about one hundred universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol, and Birmingham.
Good A-level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education authority.
English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, and way of student life.
After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc.
Later he may continue to take a Master’s Degree and then a Doctor’s Degree. Research is an important feature of university work. Distance learning is getting more popular nowadays.
The two intellectual eyes of Britain – Oxford and Cambridge Universities – date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
During these years the Government set up thirty Polytechnics. The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees. Some of them offer fulltime and sandwich courses. Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subject.
Some 80,000 overseas students study at British universities or further education colleges or train in nursing, law, banking or in industry.
2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:
1) How many terms is the academic year in Britain’s universities divided into?
2) Where are the oldest and best-known universities located?
3) Do English universities similar or differ from each other?
4) What do the polytechnics offer to their students?
3. Заповніть пропуски відповідною формою дієслова to be: am, is або are .Перекладіть речення на українську мову:
1) How much … this sweater ?
2) What … your aunt’s name?
3) I… glad to see you. How … you?
4) The dog … in the garden.
5) Tom’s parents … travel agents.
4. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Пам’ятайте про те, що в сталих виразах дієслово to have втрачає своє основне значення “ мати (щось)»:
1) Max always has breakfast with his elder brother.
2) I don’t have time even to have a walk in the evening.
3) These boys are very naughty. They like to have a fight.
4) In summer we always have a good time in a village.
5) Dan has a terrible toothache. He is at the dentist now.
5. Заповніть пропуски одним із поданих у дужках дієслів. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:
1) How often you … (has, have) your English classes?
2) My working day … (lasts, last) eight hours.
3) I … (am. Shall be, was) absent because I … (was, am, shall be).
4) Last Sunday’s rugby match … (were, was) disappointing. Our team …( loose, lost).
5) Last year we …( spent, spend, shall spend) two weeks in Greece.
6. Перекладіть наступні речення:
1) Гарного вам дня!
2) Вона рано лягає спати?
3) Ми не вивчали французьку мову в школі.
4) Сестра Віктора не вчиться в університеті.
5) Вони перекладуть цей текст пізніше.
7. Оберіть правильну відповідь:
1) Jim’s … sister wants to become an economist.
A) elder
B) older
C) old
D) the oldest
2) This car is … .I can’t afford it.
A) cheap
B) expensive
C) bad
D) good
3) … Volga is the longest river in Europe.
A) –
B) The
C) A
D) An
4) Would you like … piece of cake?
A) other
B) another
C) more
D) others
5) I am sure that Jim is … lies.
A) pronouncing
B) telling
C) talking
D) saying
6) Before we parted Wilson asked me … I would like to go and see his house one day.
A) that
B) which
C) about
D) if
ВАРІАНТ 8
1..Прочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою весь текст. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть з 1-го по 5-й абзаци тексту:
The Living Giants
The sequoia trees are the oldest living things in the world/ Millions of years ago, in the age of dinosaurs, they grew in large forests throughout much of the world. There were many kinds of sequoias but most of them disappeared during the Ice Age.
Today, there are only two kinds of the sequoia tree left on our planet, and one of them, the giant sequoia, can be found only in the north of California.
The name sequoia comes from the name of an American Indian, Sequoyah, who invented a written alphabet for his tribe.
No one knows how long a sequoia can live. Many trees in Sequoia National Park, in California, are more than 3,000 years old. Before a law was passed that protected sequoias from being cut, one of the oldest and largest of them was chopped down. The growth ring at the centre of this giant sequoia dated back to 1305 BC. It means that it was more than a thousand years old at the time of the birth of Christ!
One of the biggest sequoias in Sequoia National Park and in the whole world is the General Sherman tree. It is 83.8 metres high, and the diameter of its trunk is 31.4 metres – wider than an average city street. The trunk, scientists say, weighs nearly 1,385 tons!
Sequoias are very durable. None of these trees has died from old age or disease yet. The bark of the tree has a special tannin or juice. This protects the tree from fire and insects. However, lightning often destroys the tops of the largest sequoia trees.
Today, these rare and remarkable trees are protected. It is illegal to cut them down. Great care is taken to avoid any injury to the trees.
2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:
1) What are the oldest living things in the world?
2) How many kinds of the sequoia tree are left on the Earth?
3) What did Sequoyah do for his tribe?
4) Where do the biggest sequoias grow?
3. Заповніть пропуски відповідною формою дієслова to be: am, is або are .Перекладіть речення на українську мову:
1) …your farther a carpenter? – No he …
2) John …(not) a student, he … a doctor.
3) That book …(not) very interesting. Take this one.
4) The best seats … 10 dollars.
5) Kyiv …the capital of Ukraine.
4. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Пам’ятайте про те, що в сталих виразах дієслово to have втрачає своє основне значення “ мати (щось)»:
1) Granny has a chat with me in the afternoon.
2) I like to have a swim in the sea before breakfast.
3) Have a look at her! She is really beautiful today.
4) Would you like to have a rest?
5) My granddad is unwell. He has a cold.
5. Заповніть пропуски одним із поданих у дужках дієслів. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:
1) The Pan-American Highway …( are ,is) the longest road in the world.
2) The Beatles ..(are,were, was) pop group.
3) She … ( meet, met, will meet) them in the Globus theatre last afternoon.
4) You … (arrive, arrived, will arrive ) in Paris tomorrow evening.
5) Diana …( comes, come, will come) to the party tomorrow?
6. Перекладіть наступні речення:
1) Моя бабуся не любить гучну музику.
2) Рита не дивиться телевізор увечері
3) Вибачте, я був зовсім неправий.
4) Учора було дуже холодно.
5) Днями я куплю нову книгу про комп’ютери
7..Оберіть правильну відповідь:
1) I have made up my … to become an economist.
A) brains
B) mind
C) head
D) decision
2) It was … place I had ever seen.
A) more beautiful
B) most beautiful
C) The most beautiful
D) the beautifulest
3) S he was the sort of woman who was always bothering about … .
A) what other people would think
B) what would think other people
C) what would other people think
D) what other people think
4) Jane is afraid of … .
A) ours
B) our
C) us
D) we
5) You’ve never heard this song.
A) isn’t it
B) haven’t you
C) have you
D) is it
6) You’ve made … mistakes in your dictation.
A) too many
B) so much
C) very little
D) a lot
ВАРІАНТ 9
1..Прочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою весь текст. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть з 1-го по 5-й абзаци тексту:
The Great Depression
Wall Street is the home of the New York Stock Exchange. Here dealers called stockbrokers buy and sell shares.
Owning shares in a business gives you the right to a share of its profits. But you can make money from share in another way. You can buy them at one price and then, if the company does well, sell them later at a higher one.
More and more people were eager to get some of this easy money. By 1929, buying and selling shares had become almost a national hobby.
Like most other things in the United States in the 1920, you could buy shares on credit. Many people borrowed large sums of money from the banks to buy shares in this way. By the autumn of 1929 the urge to buy shares had become a sort of fever.
Yet some people began to have doubts. The true value of shares in a business firm depends upon its profits. But the profits of many American firms had been falling for some time. If profits were falling, thought more cautious investors, then share prices, too, would soon fall. Slowly such people began to sell their shares. Day by day their number grew. Soon so many people were selling shares that prices did start to fall.
A panic began. On Thursday, October 24, 1929 – Black Thursday – 13 million shares were sold. On the following Tuesday, October 29 – Terrifying Tuesday – 16.5 million were sold.
By the end of the year the value of all shares had dropped by 40,000 million dollars. Thousands of people were ruined. Some committed suicide.
This collapse of American share prices was known as the Wall Street Crash. It marked the end of the prosperity of the 1920s.
2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:
1) What is the home of the New York Stock Exchange?
2) What do dealers do there?
3) How can you make money from shares?
4) What was known as the Wall Street Crash?
3. Заповніть пропуски відповідною формою дієслова to be: am, is або are .Перекладіть речення на українську мову:
1) I … hot. Open the window, please.
2) What … the weather like today?
3) I …(not) interested in football at all.
.4) … Tom and Bob good football players?
5)… you hungry?
4. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Пам’ятайте про те, що в сталих виразах дієслово to have втрачає своє основне значення “ мати (щось)»:
1) Would you like to have a rest?
2) Taras is very busy at school. He doesn’t have time to write to his pen-friend very often.
3) On Sundays we always have dinner together. Mum usually cooks very tasty food on Sundays.
4) I don’t have time even to have a walk in the evening.
5) Rita has got a terrible headache at the moment.
5. Заповніть пропуски одним із поданих у дужках дієслів. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:
1) She …( does help, helps, helped) her mother about the house every Saturday.
2) My grandparents …(has got, have, having) a nice house in a village.
3) She …( caught, catch, catches) a cold last Monday.
4) We … ( read, reads, shall read) a lot of interesting stories last year.
5) They say, it … ( will rains, rain, will rain) heavily next night.
6. Перекладіть наступні речення:
1) Він телефонував тобі минулого тижня?
2) Ви нагодували собаку?
3) Навіщо ти туди підеш?
4) Мені закрити вікно?
5) Улітку ми часто відпочиваємо за містом.
7. Оберіть правильну відповідь:
1) The teacher made me … the exercise again.
A) to do
B) do
C) doing
D) that I’ll do
2) When we arrived in Sochi, it was very hot and the sun …
A) was shining
B) shone
C) shined
D) shining
3) He said that he … to Egypt.
A) never had been
B) never was
C) has never been
D) had never been
4) As far as I know he speaks neither Spanish … Italian.
A) or
B) either
C) not
D) nor
5) Tom Sawyer … by Mark Twain.
A) has written
B) was wrote
C) was written
D) is being written
6) Charles Dickens is still … popular today as when his first work appeared, over 150 years ago.
A) as
B) so
C) such
D) much
ВАРІАНТ 10
1..Прочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою весь текст. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть з 1-го по 5-й абзаци тексту:
Australia Today
Australia has a population of about 17,820,000. Approximately 80 per cent of the people live in the south-eastern quarter of the country with most of the remaining population living along the north-east and extreme south-west coast. Canberra, the national capital, and the largest inland city, lays about 130 kilometers from the ocean. More than 80 per cent of Australia’s people live in cities and towns, making it one of the world’s most urbanized countries. About 70 per cent of the population lives in cities of more than 100.000 people. Only about 13 per cent of Australia’s people live in rural areas.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of six states – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia .Each state has its own government. Australia’s Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and leaves all others to the states. Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory – that do not have the status of statehood.
In Australia’s parliamentary system of government, the national government is controlled by the political party or combination of parties with a majority or seats in the lower house of parliament. The leader of the majority heads the government as prime minister. The prime minister appoints members, the head of government departments. The prime minister and department heads form the Cabinet, which establishes major government policies.
Today, Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The British monarch is also Australia’s monarch and head of the state. However, the monarch serves mainly as a symbol of the historical ties between the two countries and has little or no power in the Australian government. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, with many others of Britain’s former colonies.
Australia is one of the world’s rich developed countries. Most developed countries have become rich through the production and export of manufactured goods, but Australia’s wealth has come chiefly form farming and mining.
2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:
1) What is the Commonwealth of Australia?
2) How many people live in Australia?
3) Has the British monarch much power in the Australian government?
4) What has Australia’s wealth come from?
3.Заповніть пропуски відповідною формою дієслова to be: am, is або are .Перекладіть речення на українську мову:
1) Hello, I … Kate Kern. And what … your name?
2) There … three big sports centers in my town.
3) What … your favourite books?
4) The news … (not) very bad today.
5) Elephants … big wild animals.
4.Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Пам’ятайте про те, що в сталих виразах дієслово to have втрачає своє основне значення “ мати (щось)»:
1) She has got long dark hair.
2) I have less money than before.
3) Does he have a telephone in his new apartment?
4) My friend usually has lunch at 8 o’clock in the morning.
5) That black dog has three funny puppies.
5.Заповніть пропуски одним із поданих у дужках дієслів. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:
1) There … (are, is, were) a few bananas and a lot of apples in the fridge yesterday.
2) Astronomy … ( study, will study, studies) many interesting phenomena.
3) Bill Gates … (earns, earn, earned) a lot of money every day.
4) Ask him to tell you something. He … (has, had, have) a lot of interesting experiences during his traveling.
5) The boss … (give, gave, will give) me plenty of instructions before his leave.
6.Перекладіть наступні речення:
1) У мене є двоюрідний брат в Австралії.
2) Рита приймає душ щоранку.
3) Вони грали в комп’ютерні ігри після роботи.
4) Вона не допомагала мамі вдома вчора ввечері.
5) Чий собака розбудив мене о п’ятій годині ранку?
7..Оберіть правильну відповідь:
1) The police … the criminal yet.
A) have caught
B) didn’t catch
C) didn’t caught
D) haven’t caught
2) …. a post-office near here?
A)Is
B) Is there
C) Where there
D) There is
3) He has never been to … foreign countries.
A) some
B) any
C) no
D) anywhere
4) I want … me.
A) you to help
B) that you help
C) that you’ll help
D) you helping
5) I was very much surprised when Ann said that she …
A) can’t to swim
B) can’t swim
C) couldn’t swim
D) wasn’t able swim
6) Don’t be angry … me, please.
A) at
B) about
C) with
D) for
ВАРІАНТ 11
1..Прочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою весь текст. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть з 1-го по 5-й абзаци тексту: