Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and state the form and function of the Infinitive.

1. She was the last to solve the problem.

2. To do it accurately was the main problem.

3. This is a prestigious company to work in.

4. It was kind of your boss to have offered it to you.

5. Our plan was to finish this work by the end of the month.

6. I was lucky to have been chosen for this job.

7. This is a very good hotel to stay in.

8. There is a lot of work to be done today.

9. She was the first to be given a rise.

10. It’s nice to be working right now.

11. He hopes to be chosen for this position.

12. Our boss doesn’t like to be interrupted while he is working.

13. Do you know him well enough to ask him for some money?

14. I only want to be understood.

15. All the necessary changes may be made any moment.

16. I hope to find a job in accounting.

17. I’m sorry not to have kept my promise.

18. It was a big mistake for them not to keep him as accountant.

Ex.2. Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. We made him (do) it all over again.

2. I recommended him (learn) the laws of my country.

3. The boss made the secretary (repeat) the message.

4. They won’t let you (leave) the Customs area till your luggage has been examined.

5. Will you help me (fill in) this application form?

6. Please let us (know) about his decision as soon as possible.

7. I’d like him (accept) this invitation.

8. I don’t want anybody (use) the results of my experiments.

9. He made me (sign) this paper.

10. I saw him (leave) the office.

11. Nobody noticed him (come) in.

12. I don’t want anybody (know) about our plans.

13. She knew him (be) a good marketer.

14. I believe this (be) the only way out.

15. The lawyer advised me (read) the contract carefully.

16. They let us (go out) at the weekends.

17. I saw him (sign) the cheque.

18. They persuaded the bank (finance) the project.

Ex.3. Translate into English:

1. Він не хотів, щоб касир перераховував гроші.

2. Всі вважають, що він дуже успішний підприємець.

3. Це змусить менеджерів компанії подумати, як вирішити проблему захисту свого виробника.

4. Це змусило уряд підвищити ціни на імпортні товари.

5. Я сподівався, що ця новина змусить його підвищити тобі заробітну платню.

6. Я не хочу, щоб ви контролювали мою діяльність.

7. Він не сподівався, що це питання розглянуть так швидко.

8. Ніхто не сподівався, що ця перспективна компанія стане банкрутом.

9. Ніхто не знав, що примусило їх змінити їхні плани.

10. Я хочу, щоб ви проглянули цей звіт.

11. Що змусило його зробити цей крок?

12. Дозвольте мені дати вам пораду.

13. Мені б не хотілося, щоб ти так погано думав про нього.

14. Вони не сподівалися, що ми закінчимо цей звіт без їхньої допомоги.

Speech and Discussion

Ex.1. Discuss with your groupmates why it makes sense for countries to engage in international trade.

Ex.2. Which of your country’s biggest trading partners can you name? Is Ukraine the most trade dependent?

Ex.3. Speak about free trade areas. Do they exist in Ukraine? Do they have any impact on the country’s economy?

Ex.4. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them.

1. When the stock market crashed, he took a bath.

2. When he lost his job and could not pay his bills, he was up the creek (without a paddle).

3. The new trade agreement opens the door to better relations between the two nations.

4. He was angry about failing the exam and took it out on his friend.

5. He has been on easy street since he won the lottery.

Ex.5. Comment on the following:

“Associate with men of good quality, if you esteem your own reputation, for it is better to be alone than in bad company”

(G. Washington)

Lesson 2

Text: Export and Import

Grammar: The Gerund

Terms to remember:

Export and Import

Exporting and importing are two aspects of foreign trade.

Exports are goods and services produced in one country but sold in another. Trade in goods is known as visible exports and trade in services is known as invisible exports. Exports are important because they allow a country to earn foreign exchange which can be used for buying imports from abroad.

Imports are those goods and services which are consumed in one country but which have been purchased from another country. Imports of goods such as food, raw materials, or manufactured goods are known as visible imports; imports of services such as insurance, tourism, freight are known as invisible imports.

Imports are paid for by foreign currency earned by exporters, or by borrowing from foreign governments and agencies like the International Monetary Fund.

The balance of trade is the difference between payments for imports and payments for exports.

If exports exceed imports there is a trade surplus or a positive balance of trade. If imports exceed exports there is a trade deficitor a negative balance of trade.

Exercises in Word Study

Ex.1. Form nouns from the following verbs:

earn, purchase, export, import, sell, borrow.

Ex.2. Give the English for:

експорт та імпорт; експорт товарів; невидимий імпорт; заробляти іноземну валюту; купувати товари в іншій країні; сировина; промислові товари; страхування; перевезення вантажів; позичати валюту; міжнародний валютний фонд; надлишок торгового балансу; дефіцит торгового балансу; торговий баланс.

Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:

Ex.4. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:

visible exports, to sell; to lend; to waste; important; to ban.

Ex.5. Consult your dictionary and translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian:

Capital export; controlled exports; currency export; duty-free export; food exports; invisible exports; unpaid exports; visible exports.

Consumer imports; dutiable import; free import; merchandise imports; prohibited imports; protected import; token import.

Ex.6. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:

1. an item, a service, an idea that is sent from one country to another to be sold;

2. an item, a service, an idea that is brought into one country from another;

3. goods, as opposed to services, that are sold to other countries;

4. services such as banking, insurance and tourism that are brought from other countries;

5. an agency of the United Nations that lends money to encourage trade and economic development in poor countries;

6. a situation where a country exports more goods than it imports;

7. condition in which there are more goods imported than exported;

8. the transport of goods by sea or air.

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