Choose the word or word combination to match the definition. 1. Trade between buyers in one country and sellers in other countries. a) domestic trade b) foreign trade c) national trade

1. Trade between buyers in one country and sellers in other countries.

a) domestic trade b) foreign trade c) national trade

 

2. An amount that is taken off the normal selling price of a product.

a) ) trade surplus b) trade mark c trade discount

 

3. A group of countries that agree to trade with each other on favourable terms.

a) trade association b) trade block c) trade creditor

 

4. An amount that must be paid when particular goods are imported into a country, or something when they are exported.

a) barrier b) restriction c) tariff

 

5. A limit on the amount of a particular good that may be imported into a country during a given period of time.

a) protectionism b) quota c) deficit

 

6. A set of restrictions imposed by a government on buying and selling foreign currencies.

a) exchange control b) exchange rate c) foreign exchange

 

7. Trade between countries with few government restrictions.

a) external trade b) international trade c) free trade

 

8. The level of material comfort and wealth that a person or community has.

a) living wage b) living standard c) standard rate

 

9. A situation where a country exports more goods than it imports.

a) trade investment b) trade surplus c) trade deficit

 

10. Goods, as opposed to services, that are sold to other countries.

a) invisible exports b) visible imports c) visible export

 

11. The transport of goods by sea or air.

a) carriage b) freight c) front loading

 

12. An item, a service, an idea that is brought into one country from another.

a) export b) import c) cargo

 

13. An international organization that promotes trade in goods and services between nations.

a) the World Trade Organization b) the World Bank
c) the International Monetary Fund

 

14. The process of trying to reach an agreement through discussion.

a) negligence b) necessity c) negotiation

 

15. An agreement, usually written and signed by those making it.

a) commerce b) contract c) dealings

16. Something done in a society because of tradition.

a) customary b) customs c) custom

 

17. The central bank, controlled by the United Nations, that lends money to member states.

a) the Central Bank b) the Federal Reserve System
c) the World Bank

 

18. The amount by which the value of a country's imports is greater than the value of its exports.

a) trade bill b) trade deficit c) trade surplus

 

19. An arrangement between countries to follow certain rules on pricing, import duties, etc. when buying from and selling to each other.

a) trade association b) trade agreement c) trade directory

 

20. A small amount of money (in addition to the normal charge) to a waiter, taxi-driver, etc. to thank him/her.

a) tip b) title c) token

 


Unit VIII Business Communication

 

Lesson 1

Text: Computers

Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns

 

Terms to remember:

 

application застосування; використання
impact вплив
simplify (v) спрощувати
store (v) зберігати
retrieve (v) відшукувати, видобувати (дані)
data дані
user користувач
desktop настільний комп’ютер
laptop переносний комп’ютер (ноутбук)
palmtop кишеньковий портативний комп’ютер
hardware апаратне забезпечення
software програмне забезпечення
malfunction порушення функціонування
bug помилка в програмі
hacker хакер

 

Computers

 

Computer use continues to grow and develop in all spheres of our life. Its applications have had a great impact on the business world. Computers have helped society by increasing productivity and simplifying many services, such as checking accounts, credit cards, and telephone service.

A computer is an electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data with great speed and accuracy.

A PC is a personal computer which is the standard computer for most individual users. There are various sizes of personal computer, including a desktop, and portable types such as a laptop, a notebook or a palmtop.

Hardware is the actual machinery of a computer, the circuits, wires, and drives.

Software contains the instructions that tell a computer what to do at every step along the way. Software is entered into a computer in the form of a program. Some programs (called viruses) are deliberately designed to cause problems in a computer system. They are hidden in programs, and are not obvious to users.

A virus is an error that is introduced into a program with the intention of causing a malfunction. A computer may crash and stop working altogether. This may be caused by a bug (an error in the software).

A hacker is a person who gains unauthorized access to computer systems.

 

 

Exercises in Word Study

 

Ex.1. Form verbs from the following nouns:

growth, application, simplicity, storage, user, intention, retrieval.