KEY STRUCTURES AND WORD STUDY
Ex 4 Give the tour forms of the following verbs.
hear, see, rise, raise, throw, run, spend, put, cut, begin, hurry, cry, wrap, go, get, lie (лежать), lie (лгать).
Ex 5 Make up five groups of three words associated in meaning or area of usage.
| canvas | dealer | apple | customer | oils |
| stranger | client | brush | outsider | orange |
| businessman | alien | shopkeeper | lemon | buyer |
Ex 6 In the following groups of words, pick out the word which, in your opinion, is the most general in meaning.
(a) literature, dance, sculpture, painting, art, architecture, music.
(b) water colour, still life, battle scene, religious work, icon, portrait, picture, landscape, seascape, genre painting, historical painting, miniature, animal picture, self-portrait.
(c) painter, composer, sculptor, writer, dramatist, poet, dancer, musician, artist, actor, actress, opera singer, playwright.
(d) height, width, dimension, breadth, length.
Ex 7 Change the meaning of the sentences to the opposite by adding the negative prefix 'un-' to the words in bold type, and making other necessary changes. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. It was verykind of you to come to see us off. We had so many pieces of luggage. 2. That is a ratherusual way to begin a conversation with a stranger. 3. She was quiteprepared for what she found on her return home. 4. In the silence of the night I heardhurried steps under my window. 5. It's so like him to give a promise and never keep it. 6. We were told that it wassafe to cross the river in that place. 7. When I finished speaking he made animportant remark. 8. She is quiteable to do without outside help. 9. I believe these changes to benecessary. 10. He felt well that day and enjoyed the long country walk. 11. There was somethingpleasant in the way she spoke and laughed.
Ex 8 Paraphrase the sentences, using the negative prefix 'un-' with the words in bold type and phrases without changing the meaning of the sentences.
1. His first picture was never finished, death interrupted the artist's work. 2. On her desk the secretary found some letters that were not answered yet. 3. I hope my absence from last night's meeting wasn't noticed. 4. We didn't expect him to return two days before the time. It came as a surprise to all of us. 5. It was a wonder that after all these years the picture was not spoiled. 6. She was not prepared to answer the interviewer's questions.
Ex 9 Translate the following sentences into English, using a different phrasal verb in each.
take off, send off, cut off, get off, break off, turn off, pull off, throw off, pay off, run off, hurry off
1. Онапоспешила на почту. Ей сказали, что там ее дожидается письмо от сына. 2. Соглашение былорасторгнуто. 3. Наконец-то он сбросил маску, и мы узнали, что он за человек. 4. Туристысошлис поезда на маленькой станции. 5. С нимрасплатились и сказали, что его помощь больше не нужна. 6.Выключи свет, пожалуйста. 7. Здесь довольно жарко. Советуюснять пальто. 8. Мы не могли продолжать игру. Какой-то парнишка поймал мяч иубежал с ним. 9. Каждое лето егоотправляли в деревню к бабушке. 10. Ребенокстянул со стола скатерть. На полу валялись ложки, вилки, разбитые чашки и тарелки. 11. Онотрезал кусок мяса и бросил его собаке.
Ех 10 Compare the meaning of the words in bold type with words of the same root in Russian
1. Theoriginal of Surikov's picture "Suvorov Crossing the Alps" is in Leningrad. 2. Kramskoy is famous as aportrait painter. 3. Who is yourfavourite ballet dancer? 4. TheNational Picture Gallery in London issituated in TrafalgarSquare. 5. He is very kind bynature. 6. What are hischances to take first place in the competition? 7. He is atalented poet. 8. Everybody admires histalent. 9. Just amoment, please! 10. They havearranged anexcursion to theBotanical Gardens for Thursday.
Ex 11 Fill in the blanks with 'rise' or 'raise'.
1. The lift — slowly to the top floor. 2. When the visitor — to go, I — from my chair, too. 3. As they watched the game, the excitement — . 4. When she entered the office he did not even — his head and continued working. 5. When the moon — we could continue our way. 6. Don't — your voice speaking to the child. 7. As he passed by he — his hat to greet me. 8. His voice — in excitement. 9. The question was — at our last meeting. 10. In capitalist countries they often — the prices without — the wages. 11. He — very early that morning.
Ex 12 Fill in the blanks with 'finish' or 'end' according to the sense.
1. He — his picture just in time for the show. 2. She — the letter with the following words: "Good-bye for now." 3. He — school the year the war —. 4. The book — happily. 5. The meeting — at 7:30 and a concert followed immediately after. 6. Where does the road —? 7. For dinner we had meat with vegetables and some fruit to —. 8. All is well that — well.
Ex 13 Fill in the blanks with 'offer' or 'suggest'.
1. My neighbour — to take us to the station in his car. 2. I — that you shouldn't buy cheap things: they don't last. 3. That is my final price, I can't — you more. 4. The monitor — that we raise this question at the next meeting. 5. The boy was so eager to see the show that I — my ticket to him. 6. He — that we shouldn't break the news to Mother yet: it will upset her. 7. She was free that day and — to help me with the arrangements for the party. 8. I know, he won't sell the canvas even if he — a very high price. 9. Who — the plan?
Ex 14 Translate the following sentences, using 'suggest' or 'offer' according to the sense.
1. Ктопредложил эту идею? 2. Разрешитепредложить вам чашечку кофе. 3. Былапредложена поездка в Ленинград на теплоходе. 4. Эта фирмапредлагает широкий выбор фотоаппаратов различных моделей. 5. Главный инженерпредложил новый план работы. 6. Молодой человек встал ипредложил свое место женщине. 7. Емупредложилиинтересную работу. 8. Советпредложил организовать выставку картин молодых художников. 9. Председательпредложил, чтобы этим вопросом занималась специальная комиссия. 10. По-моему, эту выставку стоит посетить. Япредлагаю быть вашим гидом. 11. Вампредлагают хорошую цену за картину. 12. Онпредложил посмотреть новый фильм, который идет в нашем кинотеатре, ипредложил купить билеты для всех. 13. Братпредложил взять такси, так как у нас было много вещей. Он сампредложил сходить за такси.
Ех 15 Translate the following sentences using 'why (not) do sth'.
1. Зачем упускать такую возможность? 2. Почему бы не последовать его примеру? 3. Зачем спорить по таким пустякам? 4. Зачем тратить такие деньги на эти туфли? Почему бы не выбрать другую пару? 5. Зачем торопиться? У нас есть время. 6. Почему бы не упомянуть об этом в разговоре? 7. Почему бы не присоединиться к ним? Я думаю, они не будут возражать. 8. Почему бы не зайти к ним сейчас? Они будут рады. 9. Зачем перебивать его? Пусть говорит. 10. Зачем говорить ей об этом? Это только огорчит ее. 11. Почему бы не решить этот вопрос сегодня? Все в сборе. 12. Зачем повышать голос? Это только испортит все дело. 13. Зачем молчать? Почему не сказать им всей правды? 14. Зачем нарушать правила игры? Почему бы не придерживаться их?
Ех 16 Study the following prepositional phrases and (a) recall the sentences in which they are used in the text; (b) use them in sentences of your own.
on the door; walkin/out; in the (shop) window; hearof sb/sth; be for sale; risefrom a chair (sofa, etc);out of/in the way; run (hurry, come)up to sb/sth; sell sthto sb; take sthout of the shop window (bag pocket, etc);with interest; cutoff; wrapin paper; hand sthto sb;underone's arm;on the counter; goaway; get moneyfor sth.
Ex 17 Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs wherever necessary.
(A) 1. The next morning when the mail came, he looked — the papers but there was no mention — the incident — them. 2. Do you — any chance remember her telephone number? 3. His father chose the best art school — the boy and spent lots — money — his education. 4. Wrap the matches — oil paper if you want to keep them dry when camping out. 5. You mustn't decide anything — a hurry, — course, but if you wait much longer, you may not get another chance like that. 6. No wonder you have a headache, that's what comes of lying — the sun — hours. 7. Can I have your text-book — a moment, there are several pages missing — mine. 8. Early — the morning the hunter left his log cabin with the gun — his arm and the dog walking — him. 9. Goods — shop windows are almost never sold, but if they are, they are sold — lower prices. 10. You haven't mentioned the news — anybody yet, or have you? 11. She cut — a big piece (slice) — bread, put butter — it and handed it — the boy. 12. Will you please step — — my way and let me pass. 13. When they came — — the shop they saw a note — the door saying "Closed". 14. He got quite a bit — money — his first book of poems but spent it all — something worthless, I forget what exactly it was. 15. He saw a group — small children stop — the shop window and look — interest — the toys — it. 16. I don't advise you to argue — him — it, he knows the subject much better than you do. 17. She was quite unprepared — the surprise their unexpected arrival gave her. 18. — my mind the idea — the sentence is quite clear; read it again and you will see. 19. Everybody liked the arrangement and they quickly came — an agreement. 20. The art dealer was quite prepared to sell the picture — 20 pounds which we found cheap — the price.
(B) The girls went — the street and came — — the shop window. They stood looking — the only thing — the window, — a double rope of pearls.
"What do you think is the price — those pearls?" Annabel said.
"Oh, I don't know, I wonder if they are — sale," Midge answered.
"Go — and ask the price," Annabel said.
"Well," Midge said. "But you've got to come too."
They walked — the shop and a clerk came — — them.
"It so happened that my friend and myself were passing — your shop," Midge started. "And we were wondering how much are those pearls you've got — your window."
"Ah, yes," the clerk said. "The double rope. That is two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, Madam."
"I see," Midge said.
"Would you like to look — it?" "No, thank you. We were just passing —." The clerk opened the door — them and they walked — — the shop.
They were silent and their eyes were cloudy. As they walked — — the street Midge said: "Two hundred fifty thousand! That's a quarter — a million! Have you ever heard — anything like that!"
(After "The Standard of Living" by Dorothy Parker)