Tense and Voice (revision)
Ex 11 Give answers to the following questions in the Passive Voice, using the information in brackets.
1. Has anybody described Joe Hill's life? (a lot of books, novels, plays, poetry, songs and articles; write). 2. Who wrote the ballad about Joe Hill? (Alfred Hayes). 3. Who composed the music that made the ballad so popular? (Earl Robinson). 4. How did they mark Joe Hill's hundredth birthday anniversary in Sweden? (organize a museum in the house where Joe Hill was born in Evle; stage the play by Barrie Stavis "The Man Who Never Died"). 5. Is the museum popular? (visit; 10,000 people every year). 6. How did the Swedes receive the play by Barrie Stavis? (very warmly; stage in Stockholm afterwards). 7. Do they sing Joe Hill's songs nowadays? (Peter Seeger and many other singers of protest songs).
Ex 12 Ask questions indicated in brackets, use the Passive Voice.
1. They have changed the time-table to make the working hours more rational. (Why?) 2. They hold meetings twice a month (How often?) 3. They had built the road before they started building houses in this area. (Why?) 4. They will hold a local photo show in our club in May. (When?) 5. They are building a viaduct to ease the traffic here. (Why?) 6. They will finish the construction of the Pioneer Palace by the new school year. (When?) 7. All those interested in the subject attend these lectures. (By whom?) 8. The students were discussing the second question on the agenda when the dean joined the meeting. (Which question?)
Ex 13 Complete the following according to the model.
Model: It'sgenerally believed that Columbus discovered America.
1. It's usually said —. 2. It has been wrongly stated —. 3. It was reported —. 4. It is expected —. 5. It is rightly considered —. 6. It is supposed —. 7. It's universally believed —. 8. It has just been reported —.
Ex 14 Open the brackets, using the correct form of the verb in brackets, retell the passages.
Jesse felt ready to cry. He (sit) long in the office waiting for Tom Brackett, his brother-in-law. For two weeks he (walk) from Kansas City, Missouri, to Tulsa, Oklahoma, thinking of the moment when Tom Brackett who (work) here as a dispatcher since he (lose) his shop (say): "Why, of course, Jesse, you can start whenever you (be) ready."
And then Tom (enter) the office. He (соте) in quickly with some papers in his hands; he (look) at Jesse, but he (not know) him. Was it his clothes? Or was it that Jesse (change) so much? True, they (not see) each other for five years.
"Yes?" Brackett (say) suddenly. "What you (want)?"
"I (be) Jesse Fulton. Yes, I (be); and Ella (send) you her love."
Brackett (rise) and (walk) over to the counter until they (be) face to face. Tom Brackett (look) at his brother-in-law for a long time before he (say) at last:
"Yes, I (believe) you are, but you sure (change)."
He never (see) anyone who (look) more unhappy. His sister (write) to him every week but she (not tell) him things were as bad as that.
After Jesse (answer) a few questions about Ella and the children he (think) it (be) time to start.
"Tom," Jesse said. "I (come) here to ask you for help."
"I can't (give) much. I only (get) thirty-five a week."
"I know," Jesse (reply) excitedly. He (expect) this. "But I (meet) a man who (work) for you. He (be) in our city. He (drive) trucks for you. He said you always (need) men and you (can) give me a job. As soon as I (hear) it I (start) out. For two weeks I (walk) on to get here and see you."
"You (mean) you (walk) from Kansas City for two weeks to get a job here?"
"The man (tell) me drivers (pay) a dollar a mile. And I (need) the dollar badly. I just can't live like that any longer. It's long since I (give) Ella and the kids enough food to eat or any clothes to wear ... ."
(From "The Happiest Man on Earth" by A. Maltz)
READING
Ex 15 Read and retell the following.
KARL MARX
Karl Marx was 31 years old when, in 1849, with his wife and three children he began his exile in London. He was received there very coldly. His first home was in Chelsea, which he had to leave very soon as the rent* was too high. The family moved to 28, Dean Street, Soho, where in two small rooms they were to remain for six years.
The life was hard and because of their financial difficulties Marx was often unable to go out into the street as much of his clothing was in the hands of the pawnbroker.* Writing to a friend in Germany in August 1851 he said that his position was "gloomy" and his wife was "worn down by the day-to-day struggle against poverty". The years in Dean Street were full of struggle and tragedy. Three of Karl Marx's children died there.
At that time he continued his economic studies and worked daily in the British Museum from nine o'clock in the morning till seven at night.
A change for the better took place in 1852 when the New York Daily Tribune asked him to write for them. He wrote two articles weekly for eight or nine years. Though the pay was not high it was some help for the family.
In 1862 Marx tried to get work with one of the railway companies as an official, but he was refused because they said his handwriting was poor.
Frederick Engels helped him with money and Marx was able to write his great work. Capital, the first volume of which was published in 1867.
The years from 1868 to 1883 were for Marx a time of great activity and struggle within the international Socialist movement against the anarchists led by Bakunin.
In 1872 Marx went to the Hague for the international congress at which the anarchists were defeated.
On March 14, 1883 Marx died in his chair in the study at his home 41, Maitland Park Road, Haverstock Hill, where he spent the last fifteen years of his life. From this house he was carried to his resting place in Highgate Cemetery which has since become a place of pilgrimage which is visited every year by hundreds of Socialists from all over the world.
(After "Karl Marx in London" by S. Russell)
SPEECH AND COMPOSITION
Ex 16 Read the following. Answer the questions. Retell the passage in English.
СОЛДАТ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ
В августе 1920 года новый партийный билет получал Николай Ильич Подвойский. На вопрос «Социальное положение» он ответил: «Солдат революции». Таким был и остался в памяти народа член большевистской партии с 1901 года Н. И. Подвойский.
Н. И. Подвойский родился 16 февраля 1880 года на Черниговшине в селе Кунашовка в семье учителя.
В 1901 году Подвойский переезжает в Ярославль, поступает в юридический лицей и становится одним из руководителей студенческого революционного движения и подпольной партийной организации.
В конце 1907 года в Петербурге Подвойский впервые встретился с Лениным.
За годы подпольной деятельности Подвойский арестовывался пять раз, он провел длительное время в тюрьме.
В исторические дни Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции в качестве председателя Военно-революционного комитета | Николай Ильич под руководством Ленина готовил вооруженное восстание и вел революционные войска на штурм Зимнего дворца. Зимний дворец был взят. Вооруженное восстание в Петрограде победило. В составе первого Советского правительства он был Народным комиссаром по военным делам (People's Commissar for Military Affairs). Солдат революции, Подвойский был верным соратником Ленина. До конца жизни (1948 год) Подвойский работал на благо народа.
Questions
1. When did Podvoisky receive a new membership card? 2. What answer did he give to the question about his social standing (position)? 3. How will he always be remembered by the people? 4. When did Podvoisky join the Bolshevik Party? 5. When and where was Podvoisky born? 6. What was his father? 7. When did Nikolai Podvoisky come to Yaroslavl? 8. What Lyceum did he enter to continue his education? 9. What role did Podvoisky play in the student movement and the underground party organisation? 10. When did Podvoisky first meet Lenin? 11. How many times was Podvoisky arrested during the years of his underground activity? 12. What was Podvoisky's role as chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee in the historic days of the Great October Socialist Revolution? 13. Why was it important to take the Winter Palace? 14. When did it become clear that the armed uprising in Petrograd had won? 15. What post did Podvoisky hold in the first Soviet Government? 16. What did Podvoisky work for till the end of his days?
Ex 17 Topics for oral and written composition.
1. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the founder of the first Socialist Workers' and Peasants' State in the world.
2. The role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in building up a new society.
3. The social programme as outlined in the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU.
4. The life story of a revolutionary.
5. My favourite hero.
LESSON ELEVEN
Text: A Meeting in the Night (from "How Long the Train's Been Gone" by
James Baldwin)!
Grammar: The Infinitive. Syntactical Functions. Active and Passive Forms.
A MEETING IN THE NIGHT
Caleb and I began walking very fast, down the avenue, toward our block in Harlem.2 The subway station3 was near the movie house, and the movie house was dark. We knew we were late; we did not think we werethat4 late. We were hurrying down the long block that led east to our house when we heard a car braking and were blinded by bright lights, and were pushed up against a wall.
"Turn around," a voice said. "And keep your hands in the air."
We did as we were told. We were to be searched. I felt the grainy brick beneath my fingers. A hand patted me all over my body, every touch humiliating. Beside me, I heard Caleb catch his breath.
"Turn around," the voice said.
The great lights of the police car had gone out; I could see the car at the curb,8 the doors open. I was afraid to look at Caleb, for I felt this would, somehow, be used against us. I stared at the two policemen, young, white, tight-lipped and self-important.
They turned a flashlight on us, and looked us over carefully.
"Where are you boys going?"
"Home," Caleb said. I could hear his breathing. "We live in the next block." And he gave the address.
Now I heard the effort Caleb was making to fight down the rising panic. "We just took my girl to the subway station. We were at the movies." And then he added bitterly, "This here's my brother. I got to get him home. He's only ten years old.
"What movie did you see?"
And Caleb told them.
"You got any identification?"6
"My brother doesn't. I do."
"Let's see it."
They looked at his wallet attentively, looked at us, handed it back. "Get on home," one of them said. They got into their car and drove off.
"Thanks," Caleb said. "Come on, let's go home. Little Leo. You were properly frightened."
"Yes," I said. "Were you?"
"That's right, I was frightened."
"You behaved calmly enough," I said.
We were in our block, approaching our house. He grinned. Then he said, "Leo, I'll tell you something. I'm glad this happened. It had to happen one day, and I'm glad it happened while I was with you — of course, I'm glad you were with me, too. They didn't arrest me only because you were there."
"What for?"
"Because I'm black," Caleb said. "That's what for." I said nothing. I said nothing, because what he said was true, and I knew it. It seemed, now, that I had always known it, though I had never been able to say it. I was filled with an awful wonder; it hurt my chest and paralyzed my tongue.Because you're black. I tried to think, but I couldn't. I only saw the policemen, those eyes with the dangerous look in them, and felt those hands all over me. Were they people?
"Caleb," I asked, "are white people people?"
"What are you talking about, Leo?"
"I mean, are white people — people? People like us?" He looked down at me. His face was very strange and sad. It was a face I had never seen before. We were in the house now, and we climbed a few more stairs, very slowly. Then, "All I can tell you, Leo, is — well,they don't think they are."
(Abridged)
NOTES
1.James Baldwin was born in 1924 and grew up in Harlem, New York. He has written a large number of books, the best known are: "Nobody Knows My Name", "Another Country", "Notes of a Native Son". His most recent novel, published in June 1968, is "Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone" from which the excerpt has been taken. In recent years James Baldwin has won recognition as a spokesman for Black rights.
2.Harlem: a section of New York City in Manhattan with a large Negro population
3.subway station: a station of the New York underground railway
4.that: here means "to that extent, so" and is used for emphasis
5.curb (AmE): (BrE) kerb: обочина дороги
6.identification: a photograph, a card with a person's name and address, a driver's license, etc which prove who a person is
VOCABULARY
search vt обыскивать; искать search a person (room, town, etc); He searched his pocketsfor a cigarette (the ticket, etc);search n поиск(и); обыск;Phr make a search делать, производить обыск;Phr bein search of (work, a new method, etc) искать работу (новый метод и т. п.)
humiliate vt унижать, оскорблять;humiliation n унижение, оскорбление
careful а аккуратный, внимательный; тщательный; осторожный a careful person (look, search, examination, behaviour, etc); be careful with books (money; one's work; fire, etc); be careful about one's words (looks, etc); He is careful about what he does (says, reads, wears, etc). You must be careful when you cross the street; careless а невнимательный, неосторожный a careless person (driver, step, etc)
add vt прибавлять, добавлять Would you like to add anything to what has been said?addition n;Phr in additionto sth в добавление к чему-н
attention n внимание Children need attention.Phr pay (much, little, no, etc) attention to sb/sth обращать (много, мало, никакого) внимания на кого-н/что-н; call sb's attentionto sth обратить чье-н внимание на что-н; attract (sb's) attention привлечь чье-н внимание; give attentionto sb/sth уделять внимание кому-н/чему-н;(in)attentivea (не)внимательный be (in)attentiveto sb/sth
properа правильный, должный, подходящий а proper method (word, moment, behaviour, etc); proper packing подходящая, соответствующая упаковка;properly adv как следует, должным образом
frighten vt (ис)пугать The noise frightened the child. He was so frightened that he couldn't speak.
behave vi вести себя, держаться; поступать behave well (properly, calmly, badly, etc);behaviour n поведение
calm а спокойный a calm person (voice, sea, etc); calm weather; calmly adv спокойно; calm vi/vt успокоить(ся); утихомирить(ся) Не got excited at the news but soon calmed. It wasn't easy to calm him down.
approach vt 1. приближаться, подходить (к) approach a house (station, town, person, etc); 2. обращаться (к кому-н) I don't know how to approach him.
seem vi казаться It seems that he is right. It seems strange that he doesn't know it. He seemed tired (excited, happy, etc).
fill vt/vi наполнять(ся) fill a glass (plate, etc)with sth; His heart filledwith joy (sadness, etc);Phr fillup a form заполнять бланк
hurt vt (hurt) 1. ушибить, причинить боль Не hurt his foot as he fell; 2. болеть (о части тела) My leg hurts when I walk; 3. обижать, огорчать I didn't mean to hurt you (your feelings) when I said it.
climb vt лезть, взбираться, влезать на climb a tree (a hill, the stairs, etc)
WORD COMBINATIONS
catch one's breath перехватить дыхание
make an effort делать, прилагать усилие
tight down (one's feelings, excitement, anger, fright, panic, etc) подавить, побороть (чувства, волнение, злость и т. п.)
Come on (along)! Пойдем(те)!
EXERCISES
COMPREHENSION