Хиппи, Рокеры, Растафари, Скинхеды и др.
Задание № 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст «Безработица среди молодежи».
“Unemployment Problems”
I think that the problem of youth employment is very actual and must be solved as quick as possible. Most of young people in Russia nowadays get higher education chiefly because it is in fashion now. They all go to institutes or universities and even academies. But the quality of education nowadays leaves much to be desired. As a result the country will have a lot of specialists especially doctors, managers and lowers. But their quality will be very low. It is one problem. The other problem is that of finding working places for such a great number of specialists. The Federal Government should do something about this problem. There must be a lot of new plants, factories, hospitals and other enterprises to give jobs to all the graduates. But there is one more problem when people who leave one or institutions are not satisfied with the working conditions and work as other specialists. As a result they have only their diplomas but they do not work according to their professions. And it is also very bad. The government should provide good working conditions for some spheres, which are not popular (for example give more money and so on). In Russia young people are still a little suppressed, they have complexes but abroad the life is quite different. Young people begin to work very early from the point of view of age, get more and more experience out of their work and have more possibilities to realize themselves.
GREAT BRITAIN
The British Isles lie in the north-west of Europe. They consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain consists of: England, Scotland and Wales. It is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea and from the Continent by the English Channel. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom (UK).
The surface of England and Ireland is flat, but the surface of Scotland and Wales is mountainous. The highest mountain in the United Kingdom is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1343). The longest river is the Severn.
Over 57 million people live in the United Kingdom. Most of the people of Great Britain live in big towns and cities.
The capital of the country is London. The main industrial centers are: Sheffield, Birmingham, Manchester and others.
The important ports of the country are: London, Liverpool, Glasgow and others.
Geographical names
1. the British Isles – Британские острова
2. Europe - Европа
3. Scotland - Шотландия
4. Ireland - Ирландия
5. Northern Ireland - Северная Ирландия
6. the Irish Sea - Ирландское море
7. the Continent - Континент
8. The English Channel - Английский канал
9. the United Kingdom - Соединенное королевство
10. the Severn - река Северн
11. the Thames - река Темза
12. London - Лондон
13. Manchester - Манчестер
14. Birmingham - Бирмингем
15. Liverpool - Ливерпуль
16. Sheffield - Шеффилд
17. Glasgow - Глазго
Words:
1. to lie -располагаться
2. to consist of-состоять из
3. is separated-отделяется
4. to form-составлять
5. surface- поверхность
6. mountain-гора
7. mountainous-гористый
8. important-важный
London – the capital of Great Britain
1. London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial center. It’s one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 9 million.
London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
2. The heart of London is the City, its financial and business center. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of British churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren.
3. The Tower of London was one of the first and most impressive castles built after the Norman invasion of England in 1066. Since the times of William I various kings have built and extended the Tower of London and used it for many purposes. The Tower has been used as a royal palace, an observatory, an arsenal, a state prison, and many famous and infamous people have been executed within its walls. It is now a museum. For many visitors the principal attraction is the Crown Jewels, the finest precious stones of the nation. A fine collection of armor is exhibited in the keep. The security of the Tower is ensured by a military garrison and by the Beefeaters, who still wear their picturesque Tudor uniform.
4. Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London.
Westminster Abbey is a national shrine where the kings and queens are crowned and famous people are buried. Founded by Edward the Confessor in 1050, the Abbey was a monastery for along time. The present building dates largely from the times of Henry 3, who began to rebuild the church, a task which lasted nearly 300 years. The West towers were added in the eighteenth century. Since William I almost every English monarch has been crowned in this great church, which contains the tombs and memorials of many of Britain’s most eminent citizens: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling and etc. One of the greatest treasures of the Abbey is the oaken Coronation Chair made in 1300. The Abbey is also known for its Poet’s Corner. Graves and memorials of many English poets and writers are clustered round about.
5. Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Parliament of the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of just over 1,000 members of the different grades of nobility - dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons. In the House of Commons there are 650 members. They are elected by secret ballot by men and women aged 18 and over. Every Parliament is divided into Sessions. Each of these may last a year and usually begins early in November.
6. The Clock Tower, which contains the hour-bell called Big Ben, is known the world over. The bell is named after Sir Benjamin Hall.
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
7. The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
8.Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.
9. On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum - the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc. and is famous for its library.
10. The East End is the poorest district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.