Exercise 3. Замените выделенные слова местоимениями that /those /these.
1.Palmtops have calculating facilities similar to the facilities of a fully featured calculator. 2. It is a technology used to improve the resolution on flat-panel displays, like displays used on notebook computers. 3. Data files are the files you create and save. 4. Screens of palmtops are smaller than screens of notebooks. 5. You may easily install hardware in addition to the hardware you have.
Вспомните образование страдательного залога
to be (в нужном времени) + 3-я форма глагола.
Exercise 4.Преобразуйте следующие предложения действительного залога в страдательный. For example: People widely use computers. - Computers are widely used by people.
1. This file keeps a lot of information. 2. He looks for the reliable data. 3. It processes the given results. 4. PC uses the keyboard. 5. The computer stored all the data. 6. The engineer adjusted a new program. 7. The device will execute a set of instructions 8. It'll perform a given task.
Exercise 5.Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом залоге: действительном или страдательном.
1. Electronic devices_____ (use; are used) in scientific research.
2. Before the invention of the transistor its function______ (performed; was performed) by vacuum tubes.
3. The reliability of electronic systems ______ (connect; is connected) with the number of discrete components.
4. Semiconductor integrated circuits ______(helped; were helped) to increase reliability of devices.
5. New types of integrated circuits ____(have developed; have been developed) lately.
Exercise 6.Переведите предложения, содержащие Participle II.
1. The results obtained are of particular importance for our research.
2. When written in a symbolic language programs require the translation into the machine language.
3. Key-to-disk devices used as data recording stations can correct data before it will be stored on a magnetic disk.
4. A PC is a small computer based on a microprocessor.
5. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data to and from the storage medium is called access time.
6. When properly programmed computers don't make computational errors.
7. As contrasted with the analyst, the computer system architect designs computers for many different applications.
8. Data recorded in the form of magnetized dots can be arranged in a certain way.
9. When keyed the data are held in a small memory called buffer.
10. Improved methods of obtaining three-dimensional television pictures have been worked on the basis of holography.
Exercise 7.Назовите три формы следующих неправильных глаголов.
To be; to have; to mean; to learn; to become; to bring; to know; to think; to but; to pay; to take; to do; to begin; to give; to make; to keep; to get; to read; to show.
Exercise 8.Переведите предложения.
1. Какие вспомогательные устройства вы знаете?
2. Данные обрабатываются с помощью компьютера быстрее, чем несколькими специалистами вручную (by hand, manually).
3. У цифрового и аналогового компьютера разные способы обработки данных.
4. Результаты проверяются в арифметическом блоке.
5. Набор инструкций выполняется блоком управления и контроля.
Exercise 9.Преобразуйте следующие предложения в The Past Simple Tense.
1. Many people have an opportunity to use computers. 2. There is no doubt that computers solve problems very quickly. 3. Instructions direct the operation of a computer.4.Computers bring with them both economic and social changes.5.Computing embraces not only arithmetic, but also computer literacy (компьютерная грамотность). 6. Computers prepare lab-tests. 7. Those persons are computer literate and think of buying a new computer. 8. They receive a subscription magazine once a month. 9. Experts know much about how to prepare program. 10. There are many different computers nowadays.
Exercise 10.Tell about types of computer (8-10 sentences)
Дополнительный текст к уроку 1-2
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
• Hardware
• Software
• People
• Procedures
• Data/information
When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. lit other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.
Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do. People, however, are the most important components of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. It is also used to store information in the digital form.
Answer the following questions:
1. What does the term «computer» describe? 2. Is computer intelligent? 3. What are five components of computer system? 4. What is connectivity? 5. What is software? What's the difference between hardware and software? 6. Why people are the most important components of a computer system? 7. In what way terms «data» and «information» differ? 8. How does computer convert data into information?
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Exercise 1.Какие из приведенных ниже утверждений правильны, а какие нет.
1. Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.
2. Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded.
3. There are five elements of computer system: hardware, software, people, diskettes and data.
4. The manner in which computers are connected is the connectivity.
5. Without software instructions hardware doesn't know what to do.
6. The software is the most important component because it is made by people.
7. The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.
8. Computer is used to help people in decision making process.
Exercise 2.Подберите каждому слову объяснение на английском языке.
Program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity, computer, people.
1. ___ doesn't come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system.
2. ___ is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.
3. ____ create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
4. Information in the form of instruction is called a _____.
5. The manner in which the various individual systems are connected is___.
6. ___ is organized, processed and useful for decision making
7. The basic job of the computer is the _____.
Exercise 3. Заполните пропуски словами из первых двух упражнений урока и переведите.
_____ is an electronic _______ that can receive a _____ (a set of instructions)and then carry out this program by ______ numerical information.
The modern world of high technology is possible due to the development of the ____. _______ have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
Exercise 4.Вопросы, которые можно обсудить в группе:
1. What are the most important applications of computer? (Are computer games just a “waste of time” or it is nice hobby and a lot of fun?)
2. Who has a computer in your group? What do you /does your group-mate use it for?
LESSON III
Exercise 1.Read new words and word combinations
to associate - соединять; объединять; связывать
associated documentation - соответствующая документация
to execute - выполнять
payroll- платежная ведомость
to protect- защищать
to refer to - относиться к; ссылаться на
to substitute- заменять; замещать
to cause- заставлять; причина, основание
to accomplish- завершать, заканчивать; выполнять, осуществлять
performance- производительность; быстродействие; рабочая характеристика
Exercise 2.The following terms you should learn.
hardware - аппаратное обеспечение; аппаратура; оборудование
software - программное обеспечение; программные средства
system software - системное программное обеспечение
application software - прикладное программное обеспечение
firmware- встроенное /микропроцессорное программное обеспечение
communication software - связное программное обеспечение для работы с модемом, факс-модемом и пр.
visible units- видимый блок, устройство
procedure - процедура, процесс; метод, методика; алгоритм
application programs - прикладные программы
read-only memory (ROM) - постоянное запоминающее устройство (ПЗУ)
Web-browser - "браузер" (программа, позволяющая искать и считывать информацию с Интернета)