важнейших неправильных глагола английского языка
Чтобы свободно говорить по-английски, нужно знать около 150 неправильных глаголов.
Полный список английских неправильных глаголов содержит 470 единиц, примерно 100 из которых устаревшие или очень редкие.
Оставшиеся 360-370 я основательно прополола, удалив из списка те производные, которые легко узнать, типа WRITEREWRITE, UNDERSTANDMISUNDERSTAND.
Важнейшие 174 содержит следующая таблица.
Я настоятельно рекомендую растянуть удовольствие их заучивания на полгода или год, беря не больше одного в день.
Неопределённая форма | Прошедшее время | Страдательное причастие | ||||
arise [`raz] | arose [`roz] | arisen [`rzn] | возникать, появляться | |||
awake [`wak] | awoke [`wok] | awoken [`wokn] | будить, просыпаться | |||
be [bi:] | was; were [wz], [w:] | been [bi:n] | быть, находиться | |||
bear [b] | bore [b:] | borne [b:n] | носить, выносить | |||
beat [bi:t] | beat [bi:t] | beaten [bi:tn] | бить | |||
become [b`km] | became [b`kem] | become [b`km] | становиться | |||
begin [b`gn] | began [b`gæn] | begun [b`gn] | начинать(ся) | |||
bend [bend] | bent [bent] | bent [bent] | гнуть(ся) | |||
bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | держать пари | |||
bid [bd] | bid/bade [bd/bed] | bidden [bdn] | велеть, просить | |||
bid [bd] | bid [bd] | bid [bd] | предлагать | |||
bind [band] | bound [band] | bound [band] | связывать | |||
bit [bt] | bit [bt] | bitten [btn] | кусать | |||
bleed [bli:d] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] | кровоточить | |||
blow [blo] | blew [blu:] | blown [blu:] | дуть | |||
break [brek] | broke [brok] | broken [brokn] | ломать | |||
breed [bri:d] | bred [bred] | bred [bred] | разводить | |||
bring [br] | brought [br:t] | brought [br:t] | принести | |||
build [bld] | built [blt] | built [blt] | строить | |||
burn [b:n] | burned/burnt [b:nd/b:nd] | burned/burnt [b:nd/b:nd] | жечь, гореть | |||
burst [b:st] | burst [b:st] | burst [b:st] | взорваться | |||
bust [bst] | busted/bust [bstd/bst] | busted/bust [bstd/bst] | разорить(ся) | |||
buy [ba] | bought [b:t] | bought [b:t] | купить | |||
bet | bet | bet | держать пари | |||
cast [k:st] | cast [k:st] | cast [k:st] | бросать, кидать | |||
catch [kæt] | caught [k:t] | caught [k:t] | ловить | |||
choose [tu:z] | chose [toz] | chosen [tozn] | выбирать | |||
cleave [kli:v] | cleft [klieft] | cleft [klieft] | рассечь | |||
cling [kl] | clung [kl] | clung [kl] | цеплять(ся) | |||
clothe [kloð] | clothed/clad [kloðd/klæd] | clothed/clad [kloðd/klæd] | одеть | |||
come [km] | came [kem] | come [kem] | приходить | |||
cost [kst] | cost [kst] | cost [kst] | стоить | |||
creep [kri:p] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] | ползать | |||
cut [kt] | cut [kt] | cut [kt] | резать | |||
deal [di:l] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] | торговать | |||
dig [dg] | dug [dg] | dug [dg] | копать | |||
dive [dav] | dove/dived [dov/davd] | dived [davd] | нырять, погружаться | |||
do [du:] | did [dd] | done [dn] | делать | |||
draw [dr:] | drew [dru:] | drawn [dr:n] | рисовать, тащить | |||
dream [dri:m] | dreamed/dreamt [dri:md/dremt] | dreamed/dreamt [dri:md/dremt] | видеть сны, мечтать | |||
drink [drnk] | drank [drænk] | drunk [drnk] | пить | |||
drive [drav] | drove [drov] | driven [drvn] | водить, гнать | |||
dwell [dwel] | dwelt/dwelled [dwelt/dweld] | dwelt/dwelled [dwelt/dweld] | обитать | |||
eat [i:t] | ate [et] | eaten [i:tn] | кушать, есть | |||
fall [f:l] | fell [fel] | fallen [f:ln] | падать | |||
feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] | кормить(ся) | |||
feel [fi:l] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] | чувствовать | |||
fight [fat] | fought [f:t] | fought [f:t] | бороться | |||
find [fand] | found [fand] | found [fand] | находить | |||
flee [fli:] | fled [fled] | fled [fled] | бежать, спасаться | |||
fling [fl] | flung [fl] | flung [fl] | швырять | |||
fly [fla] | flew [flu:] | flown [flon] | летать | |||
forbid [f`bd] | forbade [f`bed] | for`bidden [fbdn] | запретить | |||
forget [f`get] | forgot [f`gt] | forgotten [f`gtn] | забыть | |||
forgive [f`gv] | forgave [f`gev] | for`given [fgvn] | простить | |||
forsake [f`sek] | forsook [f`sk] | forsaken [f`sekn] | покидать | |||
freeze [fri:z] | froze [froz] | frozen [frozn] | замерзать | |||
get [get] | got [gt] | gotten/got [gtn/gt] | получать, становиться | |||
gild [gld] | gilt [glt] | gilt [glt] | позолотить | |||
give [gv] | gave [gev] | given [gvn] | давать | |||
go [go] | went [went] | gone [g] | идти, ехать | |||
grind [grand] | ground [grand] | ground [grand] | точить, молоть | |||
grow [gro] | grew [gru:] | grown [gron] | расти, выращивать | |||
hang [hæ] | hung [h] | hung [h] | висеть, повесить | |||
have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] | иметь | |||
hear [h] | heard [h:d] | heard [h:d] | слышать | |||
hew [hju:] | hewed [hju:d] | hewn [hju:n] | рубить, тесать | |||
hide [had] | hid [hd] | hidden [hdn] | прятать(ся) | |||
hit [ht] | hit [ht] | hit [ht] | ударить | |||
hold [hold] | held [held] | held [held] | держать, проводить | |||
hurt [h:t] | hurt [h:t] | hurt [h:t] | ранить, обижать | |||
keep [ki:p] | kept [kept] | kept [kept] | держать | |||
kneel [ni:l] | knelt [nelt] | knelt [nelt] | становиться на колени | |||
knit [nt] | knit [nt] | knit [nt] | вязать | |||
know [no] | knew [nju:] | known [non] | знать | |||
lay [le] | laid [led] | laid [led] | класть | |||
lead [li:d] | led [led] | led [led] | вести | |||
lean [li:nd] | leant [lent] | leant [lent] | опираться | |||
leap [li:p] | leapt [lept] | leapt [lept] | прыгать | |||
learn [l:n] | learned/learnt [l:nd/l:nt] | learnt [l:nt] | учить(ся) | |||
leave [li:v] | left [left] | left [left] | оставлять, уезжать | |||
lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] | давать взаймы | |||
let [let] | let [let] | let [let] | позволять | |||
lie [la] | lay [le] | lain [len] | лежать | |||
lose [lu:z] | lost [lst] | lost [lst] | терять | |||
light [lat] | lit/lighted [lt/latd] | lit/lighted [lt/latd] | зажигать, освещать | |||
make [mek] | made [med] | made [med] | делать, создавать | |||
mean [mi:n] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] | значить, подразумевать | |||
meet [mi:t] | met [met] | met [met] | встретить | |||
mow [mo] | mowed [mod] | mown [mon] | косить | |||
pay [pe] | paid [ped] | paid [ped] | платить | |||
plead [pli:d] | pleaded/pled [pli:dd/pled] | pleaded/pled [pli:dd/pled] | заявлять | |||
prove [pru:v] | proved [pru:vd] | proven/proved [pru:vn/pru:vd] | доказывать | |||
put [pt] | put [pt] | put [pt] | класть | |||
read [ri:d] | read [red] | read [red] | читать | |||
rid [rd] | rid [rd] | rid [rd] | избавлять | |||
ride [rad] | rode [rod] | ridden [rdn] | ездить верхом | |||
ring [r] | rang [ræ] | rung [r] | звонить | |||
rise [raz] | rose [roz] | risen [rzn] | подниматься | |||
run [rn] | ran [ræn] | run [rn] | бежать | |||
saw [s:] | sawed [s:d] | sawed/sawn [s:d/s:n] | пилить | |||
say [se] | said [sed] | said [sed] | сказать | |||
see [si:] | saw [s:] | seen [si:n] | видеть | |||
seek [si:k] | sought [s:t] | sought [s:t] | искать | |||
sell [sel] | sold [sold] | sold [sold] | продавать | |||
send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] | послать | |||
set [set] | set [set] | set [set] | ставить | |||
sew [so] | sewed [sod] | sewn [son] | шить | |||
shake [ek] | shook [k] | shaken [ekn] | трясти | |||
shave [ev] | shaved [evd] | shaved/shaven [evd/evn] | брить(ся) | |||
shear [] | sheared [d] | sheared/shorn [d/:n] | стричь | |||
shed [ed] | shed [ed] | shed [ed] | проливать (слёзы) | |||
shine [an] | shone [on] | shone [on] | светить, сиять | |||
shoe [u:] | shod [d] | shod [d] | обувать, подковывать | |||
shoot [u:t] | shot [t] | shot [t] | стрелять | |||
show [o] | showed [od] | shown [on] | показывать | |||
shrink [rk] | shrank [ræk] | shrunk [rk] | сжиматься | |||
shut [t] | shut [t] | shut [t] | закрывать | |||
sing [s] | sang [sæ] | sung [s] | петь | |||
sink [sk] | sank [sæk] | sunk [sk] | погружаться, тонуть | |||
sit [st] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] | сидеть | |||
slay [sle] | slew/slayed [slu:/sled] | slain/slayed [slen/sled] | убивать | |||
sleep [sli:p] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] | спать | |||
slide [slad] | slid [sld] | slid [sld] | скользить | |||
sling [sl] | slung [sl] | slung [sl] | метать | |||
slink [slk] | slinked/slunk [slkt/slk] | slinked/slunk [slkt/slk] | красться | |||
smell [smel] | smelt [smelt] | smelt [smelt] | пахнуть, нюхать | |||
sow [so] | sowed [sod] | sown [son] | сеять | |||
speak [spi:k] | spoke [spok] | spoken [spokn] | говорить | |||
speed [spi:d] | sped [sped] | sped [sped] | мчаться | |||
spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] | писать, читать по буквам | |||
spend [spend] | spent [spent] | spent [spent] | тратить | |||
spill [spl] | spilt [splt] | spilt [splt] | расплескать | |||
spin [spn] | spun [spn] | spun [spn] | прясть | |||
spit [spt] | spit/spat [spt/spæt] | spit/spat [spt/spæt] | плевать | |||
split [splt] | split [splt] | split [splt] | расщепить(ся) | |||
spoil [spol] | spoiled/spoilt [spold/spolt] | spoiled/spoilt [spold/spolt] | портить | |||
spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | распространиться | |||
spring [spr] | sprang [spræ] | sprung [spr] | возникнуть | |||
stand [stænd] | stood [std] | stood [std] | стоять | |||
steal [sti:l] | stole [stol] | stolen [stoln] | красть | |||
stick [stk] | stuck [stk] | stuck [stk] | липнуть | |||
sting [st] | stung [st] | stung [st] | жалить | |||
stink [stk] | stank [stræk] | stunk [stk] | вонять | |||
strew [str:] | strewed [str:d] | strewn [str:n] | усеять | |||
stride [strad] | strode [strod] | stridden [strdn] | шагать | |||
strike [strak] | struck [strk] | struck/stricken [strk/strkn] | ударить | |||
string [str] | strung [srt] | strung [str] | нанизать, натянуть | |||
strive [strav] | strove/strived [strov/stravd] | striven/strived [strvn/stravd] | стараться, стремиться | |||
swear [sw] | swore [sw:] | sworn [sw:n] | клясться | |||
sweat [swet] | sweat/sweated [swet/[swetd] | sweat/sweated [swet/swetd] | потеть | |||
sweep [swi:p] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] | мести | |||
swell [swel] | swelled [sweld] | swollen/swelled [swoln/sweld] | вздуться, раздуваться | |||
swim [swm] | swam [swæm] | swum [swm] | плыть | |||
swing [sw] | swung [sw] | swung [sw] | качаться | |||
take [tek] | took [tk] | taken [tekn] | взять, брать | |||
teach [ti:t] | taught [t:t] | taught [t:t] | обучать | |||
tear [t] | tore [t:] | torn [t:n] | рвать | |||
tell [tel] | told [told] | told [told] | рассказывать | |||
think [k] | thought [:t] | thought [:t] | думать | |||
throw [ro] | threw [ru:] | thrown [ron] | бросать | |||
thrust [rst] | thrust [rst] | thrust [rst] | толкать | |||
tread [tred] | trod [trd] | trodden [trdn] | ступать | |||
understand [nd`stænd] | understood [nd`std] | understood [nd`std] | понимать | |||
wake [wek] | woke/waked [wok/wekt] | woken/waked [wokn/wekt] | просыпаться | |||
wear [w] | wore [w:] | worn [w:n] | носить | |||
weave [wi:v] | wove/weaved [wov/wi:vd] | woven/weaved [wovn/wi:vd] | ткать | |||
wed [wed] | wed/wedded [wed/wedd] | wed/wedded [wed/wedd] | вступать в брак | |||
weep [wi:p] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] | плакать | |||
wet [wet] | wet [wet] | wet [wet] | мочить | |||
win [wn] | won [wn] | won [wn] | выигрывать, побеждать | |||
wind [wand] | wound [wand] | wound [wand] | виться(ся) | |||
wring [r] |
|
| выкручивать | |||
| wrote [rot] | written [rtn] | писать |