Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания.
ГМУ
Домашнее чтение
The UK Political System
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that Great Britain is governed* by Parliament and the king or the queen is the Head of State. However, since the 13th century the power of the English monarch has been limited by Parliament. But the power is hereditary, and not elective. The monarch doesn’t rule* and can only reign* with the support of Parliament.
The Houses of Parliament exercise* the legislative power in the country. The main function of the Parliament is to make laws. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons has 650 members who are elected by people every 4 years from the constituencies* in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body* of the UK.
The House of Lords is composed of about 1,000 hereditary and life peers*. The members of the House of Lords are not elected. They inherit* this right from their fathers. The work of the House of Lords includes examining* and revising bills* from the House of Commons.
The executive power* is in the hands of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed* by the Queen. The Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers, twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet. They are the leading members of the Government party (it has the greater number of seats in the House of Commons). The Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown are responsible* for directing national policy. The Prime Minister holds Cabinet meetings at his (her) house at number 10 Downing Street, which is very near the Houses of Parliament in Westminster.
The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet*. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party, which is the ruling* party nowadays.
The judiciary branch* of the government determines common law* and is independent both of the legislative and executive branches. The highest judicial body in the English judicial system is the House of Lords.
Britain doesn’t have a written constitution, only precedents and traditions.
The present Sovereign* of the UK is Queen Elizabeth II. She is the leader of the society and a symbol of Britain.
Задание №2. Составьте словарь незнакомых слов
Задание №3. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания
To govern – править, управлять
To rule – править; господствовать, властвовать
To reign – царствовать ( over )
the legislative power – законодательная власть
to exercise – осуществлять
a constituency – избирательный округ
the real governing body – реальный правящий орган
hereditary and life peers – наследственные и пожизненные пэры
to inherit – наследовать
to examine bills – рассматривать законопроект, билль
to revise – перерабатывать, пересматривать
the executive power – исполнительная власть
to appoint – назначать
responsible for – ответственный
the Shadow Cabinet – теневой кабинет
ruling – правящий
the judiciary branch – судебная власть
to determine common law – определять общее право
Sovereign - монарх
Задание №4. Подготовьте чтение отрывка текста.
Задание №5. Соотнесите две части предложения и переведите полученное предложение на русский язык
| 1. The legislative power is exercised by… | the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. |
| 2. The executive branch consists of … | are responsible for directing national policy. |
| 3. The powers of the Queen … | has real power in the UK. |
| 4. The Cabinet and other ministers … | the Houses of Parliament. |
| 5. The House of Commons … | are hereditary, not elective. |
| 6. The judiciary branch of the government … | but doesn’t rule. |
| 7. The Queen reigns … | is independent of the two others. |
Задание №6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы
1. What does the term “constitutional monarchy” mean?
2. What body exercises the legislative power in the country?
3. How are the chambers of Parliament composed?
4. What body exercises the executive power?
5. How is the executive branch of the government formed?
6. What is the official opposition?
7. What does the judiciary branch of the government do?
8. Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain?
3. Тема «О себе»
ABOUT MY FAMILY AND MYSELF
Let me introduce myself. My name is David Nelson. I was born in London, but now I live in California, in the U.S.A. I am a TV news reporter. I work for a small newspaper and I really like my work, because it is very interesting. I meet many interesting people every day.
I come from a large family. My father has a farm in the North of England and he is very busy with the work on the farm. My mother is a housewife. She has a lot of work to do about the house and she is very busy too. Every summer I go to see my parents and my relatives. I have two sisters and one brother. My elder sister is twenty-six. She is married and has a son Nick. He is six and in the first grade at school. My sister is a doctor, and her husband is a lawyer. It is a well-paid job and he makes a lot of money. My youngest sister's name is Ann. She is twenty and is in her first year at Oxford University. My brother Ted who is fifteen lives with my parents. He wants to become an economist, but I'm afraid it is only a dream, because he is rather lazy and my mum and dad have a lot of problems with him.
Now a few words about myself. I'm twenty-four. I am married and have a family of my own. My wife Jane is twenty-three, she is a school teacher, but she doesn't work now because we have a baby, she is only seven months old. So we are three in my family and we get on very well with each other.
1. What's your name and surname?
2. When and where were you born?
3. How old are you?
4. Are you single or married?
5. What is your wife (husband)?
6. Have you got any children?
7. What do you like doing in your free time?
8. What do you dislike?
9. What's your ambition?
10. What university (college) did you graduate from? (What school did you finish?)
11. What faculty did you study at?
12. Were you a full time or a part-time student?
13. What mark did you have in English at university (school)?
14. Where do you work?
15. Do you like your job?
16. Would you like to change your job?
17. What city (settlement) do you live in?
18. When was it founded?
19. What is special about it?
20. Are there any sights in your city (settlement)?
21. What is worth seeing there?
Let me introduce myself
My name is…
My family name/ surname is…
I am from…
I was born on the… of…
So I am… years old.
I study at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kirov branch. I study at the faculty of (Law, Economics and Management)
I am a…. I like my work because it is…
My hobby is… / My hobbies are….
I am married. I am not married= I am single. I am divorced.
Now a few words about my family.
My family is….(big, small). We are ….: my mother, etc.
ЭКЗАМЕН №2
Домашнее чтение
3.Тема «О себе, своей семье и своём городе»
Домашнее чтение.
«The US Government»
The USA is a presidential republic. By the Constitution of 1787 (and the amendments to it) the government of the USA is composed of 3 branches: the executive one, the legislative one, and the judicial one.
The highest executive power in the United States is vested* in the President of the United States, who is elected for a term of 4 years by electors of each state. The Presidential election is held every four years in November. The President of the USA must be a native-born citizen, resident in the country for 14 years and at least 35 years old.
The President is to carry out* the programmes of the Government, to recommend much of the legislation to the Congress. He is to appoint Federal Judges, ambassadors* to other countries and heads of various government departments, called secretaries.
The legislative power belongs to the Congress of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives (435 members). The Senate is composed of two members from each state elected for a term of 6 years, one third being elected every two years. The number of representatives from each state to the House of Representatives depends on the number of people in each particular state.
In order to become a law all bills and resolutions must pass both the Houses and must be signed by the President.
An important role in the American legislation is played by so-called "lobbyists". They are often more influential than Congressmen themselves.
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the United States and the head of the judicial branch of power. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice* of the USA and 8 Associate Justices*.
The United States is divided into 11 judicial circuits*, each one being served with a Federal Court of Appeals. There are about 90 district courts* in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases* are tried* by these courts.
Each state has a constitution similar to the Constitution of the entire nation and all the power in each state is divided into executive, legislative and judicial. The head of each state is the governor of the state.
Each state has each own system of courts similar to that of the Federal courts.
There are several political parties in the USA. The largest of them are the Republican (symbolized by an elephant) and the Democratic (symbolized by a donkey).
Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания.
ü to form a government – формировать правительство
ü to head a government – возглавлять правительство
ü to operate, run a government – управлять правительством
ü democratic government – демократическая форма правления
ü dictatorial government – диктатура (как форма правления)
ü federal government – федеральная форма правления
ü parliamentary government – парламентская форма правления
ü state government – система власти штата
ü local government — местное самоуправление
ü provincial government — местное самоуправление
ü to vest (in) – наделять (правом), облекать правом
ü to carry out – выполнять; осуществлять
ü ambassador – посол
ü Chief Justice – Главный Судья
ü Associate Justice – Член Верховного Суда
ü judicial circuit – судебный округ
ü district court – федеральный районный суд; местный
суд (в ряде штатов США)
ü case – судебное дело
ü to hear, try a case – рассматривать дело
ü power – власть
ü to elect - избирать
ü to appoint – назначать
ü a bill - законопроект
2. Составьте словарь незнакомых слов и будьте готовы перевести текст с помощью этого словаря.
3. Подготовьте чтение отрывка текста.
4. Соответствуют ли следующие предложения тексту.
1. The government of the USA is composed of three branches.
2. The executive power in the United States is vested in the Congress.
3. The US President must be 40 years old.
4. The President of the USA carries out the programmes of the Government.
5. The President of the USA appoints secretaries of the Government.
6. The Congress of the United States heads the legislative power.
7. The Congress of the United States is the highest executive and the President is the highest legislative power in the USA.
8. In order to become a law all bills and resolutions must be signed by the President.
9. The Supreme Court is the head of the judicial branch of power in this country.
10. Each state has a constitution similar to the Constitution of the entire nation.
5.Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What branches is the government of the USA composed of?
2. Who does the highest executive power in the United States belong to?
3. What kind of person must the President of the USA be?
4. What are some of the functions of the President?
5. Who is the legislative power vested in?
6. How many chambers does the Congress consist of?
7. How many members are there in the Senate? in the House of Representatives?
8. What must all bills and resolutions pass in order to become a law?
9. What role do lobbyists play?