Press in the United Kingdom

The daily circulation of papers in Britain is just over 14 million copies, which is about 3 papers for every 4 households.

All British papers can be classified into two major groups: quality and popular papers.

A quality paper is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader. Quality papers contain detailed news coverage and comment, authoritative editorials, a wide range of topical features written by experts in their field, arts and literary reviews and much professional advertising. The quality papers are the «Times», the «Guardian», the «Independent», the «Daily Telegraph» and the «Financial Times».

A popular paper is a newspaper whose format and content is designed for the undemanding reader. Most popular papers are tabloids, i.e. papers with small-size pages (conventionally about 30 cm by 40 cm). They have brief and direct news reports and a large number of photographs. Emphasis is put on personal stories (especially when sensational, or involving a figure in the public eye such as a member of the royal family), and importance is also given to sports and to entertaining features such as cartoons and contests.

Newspapers in Britain are mostly owned by individuals or by big publishing companies called the «empires», not by the government or political parties. The editorsof the newspapers are usually allowed considerable freedom of expression. This is not to say that newspapers are without political bias. The political tendency of quality papers varies from conservative (the «Daily Telegraph») or independent/conservative (the «Times» and the «Financial Times») to centre (the «Independent») and liberal (the «Guardian»). Popular tabloids like the «Daily Express», the «Daily Star» and the «Sun», for example, usually reflect conservative opinion in their comment and reporting, while (the «Daily Mirror» has a more left-wing bias.

In addition to national daily newspapers there are nine national papers published on Sundays. Most of «Sundays» contain more reading matter than daily papers, and several of them include «colour supplements» — separate colour magazines which contain photographically-illustrated feature articles. There is also quite a number of regional paper -usually evening papers or weeklies.

 

I. Выберите английский эквивалент для следующих русских слов:

1. содержать

a) to contribute b) to contain c) to consume d) to connect

2. реклама

a) advertise b) advice c) advertising d) advantage

3. значение

a) importance b) improvement c) invitation d) impatience

4. развлекать

a) to enrich b) to involve c) to emerge d) to entertain

5. конкурс

a) comparison b) condition c) contest d) confidence

6. редактор

a) edit b) edition c) editor d) editorial

7. отражать

a) to reduce d) to reflect c) to recruit d) to regard

8. тираж

a) consequence b) circumstance c) consideration d) circulation

 

II. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквивалент для английских словосочетаний:

1. a quality paper a) формат и содержание
2. educated reader b) издательство
3. detailed news coverage and comment c) авторитетная передовица
4. an authoritative editorial d) образованный читатель
5. format and content e) предоставлять значительную свободу в выражении
6. a tabloid f) подробный обзор новостей и комментарий
7. a publishing company g) материал для чтения
8. without political bias h) цветное приложение
9. reading matter i) без политической ориентации
10. a colour supplement j) еженедельная газет
11. a weekly k) серьезная газета
12. to allow considerable freedom l) газета небольшого формата

 

III. Заполните пропуски следующими предлогами:

a) at b) for c) to d) by e) on f) into:

1. British papers can be classified … two major groups: quality and popular papers.

2. A quality paper aims … the educated reader.

3. The format of a popular paper is designed … the undemanding reader.

4. Emphasis is put … personal stories (especially when sensational, or involving a figure in the public eye such as a member of the royal family).

5. In a popular paper importance is also given … sports and entertaining features such as cartoons and contests.

6. Newspapers in Britain are mostly owned … individuals and big publishing companies.

 

IV. Дайте определение для каждого сочетания или слова:

1. a quality paper a) are papers published on Sundays.
2. a popular paper b) are papers with small size pages with brief and direct news report and a large number of photographs.
3. tabloids c) is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader.
4. “Sundays” d) are separate colour magazines which contain photographically illustrated feature articles.
5. “Colour supplements” e) is a newspaper whose format and content is designed for the undemanding reader.

 

V. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту (Т), а какие – нет (F):

1. The daily circulation of papers in Britain is just over 14 million copies.

2. A popular paper is a newspaper whose format and content is designed for the educated reader.

3. Newspapers in Britain are owned by the government or political parties.

4. In addition to national daily newspapers there are nine national papers published on Sundays.

5. The editors of the newspapers are usually allowed considerable freedom of expression.

 

Text B

Press in the USA

In 1986 a total of 9 144 newspapers (daily, Sunday, weekly) appeared in the USA. Newspapers are published in 34 different languages.

Most daily papers in the USA are of the «quality» rather than the «popular» variety. Among the 20 newspapers with the largest circulation only two or three regularly feature crime, sex and scandal. The paper with the largest circulation, «The Wall Street Journal», is a very serious paper indeed.

It is often said that there is no «national press» in the United States as there is in Great Britain, for instance. In one sense this is true. There are no official or government-owned newspapers in the USA. There is no state censorship, that is, court or judges cannot stop a story from being printed or published. Most daily newspapers are distributed locally, or regionally. People buy one of the big city newspapers in addition to small local ones. A few of the best-known newspapers, such as «The Wall Street Journal» can be found throughout the country. There has been one attempt to publish a truly national newspaper, «US Today». But it has only a circulation of 1,2 million and can only offer news of general interest.

In another sense, however, there is a national press, one that comes from influence and the sharing of news. Some of the largest newspapers, such as «The New York Times», «The Washington Post» and «The Los Angles Times» are at the same time news-gathering businesses, or news services. They not only print newspapers, but also collect and sell news, news features and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the USA and abroad. These newspapers have great national and international influence, spreading far beyond their own readers.

In addition, these newspapers and others, such as «Christian Science Monitor», «The Baltimore Sun» оr the «Milwaukee Journal» are frequently mentioned among papers of international excellence. In a large international survey of newspaper editors, «The New York Times» was ranked by most as «the world's top daily».

American newspapers get much of their news from the same source as all newspapers in the world – the two world’s largest news agencies AP (Associated Press) and UPI (United Press International). Neither of them is owned, controlled or operated by the government. They have thousands of subscribers – newspapers, radio and television stations and other agencies which pay to receive and use the news and photographs in more than 100 countries of the world.

 

I. Выберите английский эквивалент для следующих русских слов:

1. появляться

a) appearance b) appear c) attend d) attendance

2. например

a) instant b) instead c) for instance d) instance

3. цензура

a) census b) censor c) century d) censorship

4. местный

a) local b) locality c) locally d) localize

5. попытка

a) attitude b) agreement c) advanced d) attempt

6. влияние

a) influence b) influential c) informal d) independence

7. печатать

a) to publish b) to prove c) to predict d) to print

8. собственный

a) owner b) owing c) own d) owe

 

II. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквивалент для английских словосочетаний:

1. it is often said a) распространение новостей
2. a government owned newspaper b) бизнес «сбора новостей»
3. to offer news of general interest c) выходить далеко за пределы
4. the sharing of news d) часто говорят
5. a news gathering business e) к тому же, вдобавок
6. a news service f) газета международного класса
7. to spread far beyond g) предлагать новости нового порядка
8. in addition h) газета, принадлежащая равительству
9. a paper of international excellence i) агентство новостей
10. an international survey j) одинаковый источник
11. to be ranked as k) подписчик
12. the world’s top daily l) платить за получение и использование новостей и фотографий
13. the same source m) международный обзор
14. a subscriber n) квалифицироваться как
15. to pay to receive and use the news and photographs o) лучшая газете в мире

 

III. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту (T), а какие – нет (F):

1. American newspapers are published in 34 different languages.

2. Most daily papers in the USA are of the popular variety.

3. Most daily newspapers are distributed locally or regionally.

4. There are some official or government – owned newspapers in the USA.

5. American newspapers not only print newspapers, but also collect and sell news and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the USA and abroad.

6. The world's largest news agencies are owned, controlled or operated by the government.

 

IV. Укажите вопросы, ответов на которые нет в тексте:

1. What is press in the USA characterized by?

2. What are the two major kinds of daily newspapers in the USA?

3. What kind of reader does each type aim at?

4. Why do we say that there is no national press in the USA?

5. What are the American newspapers of international excellence?

6. What political opinion do American newspapers reflect?

7. What is a “tabloid”?

8. What source do many American newspapers get their news from?

 

Text C

Journalism: Historical Survey

(from the beginning to the 18th century)

Originally journalism included only such printed matter as newspapers and periodicals. In the 20th century, however, it includes other media used to broadcast news, such as radio, television, and documentary or newsreel films. The earliest known journalistic production was the Acta Diurna (Daily Events) of ancient Rome; in the 1st century BC Julius Caesar ordered these hand-written news bulleting to be posted each day in the Forum. It contained coverage of social and political events: elections, public appointments, government edicts, treaties, trials and executions, military news, births, marriages and deaths. The Acta Diurna was written in manuscripts. A similar approach to publishing news was undertaken in China from the 6th to the 20th century. The first printed newspaper, produced from wood blocks, appeared in Beijing in the 7th or 8th century AD. In China during the Tang dynasty a court circular called a pao, or “report”, was issued to government officials. This gazette appeared in various forms and under various names more or less continually to the end of the Ch’ing dynasty in 1911. In the mid-15th century, wider and faster circulation of news was made possible by the invention in Europe of moveable type.

Germany, the Netherlands, and England produced newsletters of various sizes in the 16th and 17th centuries, and in France the magazine or literary journal developed in the late 17th century. The first newspapers consisted of foreign news reports, because home news was forbidden. The first English news-sheet, published by Nicholas Bourne and Thomas Archer on May 23, 1622, was called the “Weekly News from Italy, Germany, Hungaria, translated out of the low Dutch copy”. It was not until the abolition of the Star Chamber in England in 1641 that journalists were allowed to report the proceedings of Parliament. However parliamentary reporting was forbidden again in 1660, and when the first daily newspaper was introduced in the United Kingdom, the Daily Courant in 1702, it contained no home news. It was not until the introduction of the Daily Post in 1719 and the Daily Journal in 1720 that journalists were again permitted to report on home news stories. By the early 18th century politicians had begun to realize the enormous potential of newspapers in shaping public opinion. Consequently the journalism of the period was largely political in nature; each political group had its newspaper. It was during this period that the great English journalists flourished, among them Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele. At this time the long struggle for freedom of the press began.

 

I. Какое слово не является синонимом слова, стоящим в начале строчки:

1. bulletin

a) account b) news flash c) report d) sick list

2. journal

a) magazine b) shop c) periodical d) tabloid

3. to publish

a) to issue b) to publicize c) to register d) to distribute

4. invention

a) creation b) development c) inversion d) discovery

5. various

a ) different b) fabulous c) diverse d) variegated

 

II. Подберите определение для каждого термина:

1. periodical a) the reporting of new, events etc.,
2. newsreel b) the number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc regularly sold to the public
3. coverage c) a magazine, etc that is published at regular intervals    
4. gazette d) a short cinema film of recent events  
5. circulation e) an official journal with public notices and lists of government

 

III. Укажите верный ответ согласно тексту:

1. How often was the Acta Diurna posted in the Forum?

a) once a week b) each day c) each month d) twice a week

2. What made circulation of news wider and faster in the mid-15th century?

a) the invention of printing machine b) the invention of telegraph c) the invention of moveable type d) low price for paint

3. When was the literary journal developed in France?

a) in the late 17th century b) in the mid-17th century c) at the beginning of 17th century

d) after the 17th century

 

 

4. What happened in 1641?

a) journalists were allowed to report home news b) the first journalistic conference was held c) journalists were forbidden to highlight foreign events d) journalists were permitted to highlight foreign events

5. What was the name of the first daily newspaper introduced in the United Kingdom in 1702?

a) the Daily Post b) the Daily Journal c) the Daily Courant d) the Daily News

 

IV. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту (Т), а какие нет (F):

1. At first, the term journalism implied only newspapers and radio.

2. The first printed newspaper appeared in China.

3. The first newspapers in Europe contained no home news.

4. The first English news-sheets had very short names.

5. The first known journalistic production was published in ancient Rome.

 

V. Расположите данные события в хронологическом порядке:

1. Political aspects of press.

2. Evolution of newspapers in China.

3. Preliminary information.

4. The development of journalism in Ancient Rome.

5. European press in the 17th-18th centuries.

 

Text D

History of public relations

The use of publicity and press against agents in the 19th century might never have merged into public relations had not been for American corporations. Far from being interested in gaining the public’s goodwill, most business leaders expressed either indifference or contempt for the public.

These attitudes were dangerous during an era when the public was becoming hostile to big business. During the first years of the 20th century investigative reporters began to write sardonic articles about corruption in business and government. Many of these works were carefully documented and first appeared in magazines in 1902 – 4. It was in this social climate that corporations decided to promote themselves in a positive way. Among the first enterprises that sought favorable publicity were the railroads. They hired the Publicity Bureau, a Boston organization founded in 1900. During the next few years several more organizations were founded simply to create good publicity for corporations. Many were started by newspapermen.

One of the leaders in the development of public relations as a profession was Ivy L. Lee, a business reporter for the New York World. In 1903 Lee left his reporting job to manage the campaign of Seth Low for mayor on New York City. The next year he was hired as a press agent for the Democratic National Committee. In the next few years, after organizing a PR firm, he worked as publicity director for the Pennsylvania Railroad and for mine owners in Pennsylvania whose employees were on strike. Instead of trying to suppress the news, Lee was open with reporters.

World War I forced government into the PR business. In 1917 President Woodrow Wilson authorized creation of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel. At a time when there was no radio or television, the committee conducted a national campaign to mobilize public support meetings in major cities as Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford arose patriotism.

In the period after the war there was a rapid growth of public relations as an industry. The journalist Walter Lippmann published his book “Public Opinion” in 1922. a year later Edward L. Bernays published “Crystallizing Public Opinion”, the first book on public relations as a profession. Many of today’s large public relations firms were founded in the years immediately after World War I.

After World War II the public relations industrygrew and prospered. By the late 1980s there were more than 2.000 PR firms in the United States and many more in other countries. Proffessonalizaion was encouraged by the founding of the Public relations Society of Americas (PRSA) in 1948 by combining the National Associations of Public Relations Counsel (founded 1936) and the American Council on Public Relations (1939). Early schooling for PR was mostly in the journalism departments of universities. Edward Bernays taught a PR course at New York University in 1923, three years after the subject was included in the curriculum at the University of Illinois. The first school on Public relations was established by Boston University in 1947.

 

I. Cоставьте возможные словосочетания:

1. conduct a) somebody’s goodwill
2. press b) way
3. gain c) growth
4. positive d) meetings
5. rapid e) agents

 

II. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова:

a) magazines b) article c) reporter d) enterprise e) news:

1. His … is the biggest in our region.

2. I want to be a … .

3. Who is the author of this …?

4. What … do you usually buy?

5. This … is very bad.

 

III. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту (Т), а какие нет (F):

1. Most business leaders of the 19th century expressed either indifference or contempt for the public.

2. The first school of public relations was established by Edward Bernays in 1923.

3. Lee was the first press agent who was open with reporters and who didn’t try to suppress the news.

4. PR business developed rapidly during World War I.

5. Professionalism in the field of PRs was not needed until recent times.

 

IV. Подберите определение для каждого термина:

1. public relations a) news media and agencies collectively, esp. newspapers
2. reporter b) relating to people as a whole
3. journalism c) a person who is employed to gather news for a newspaper, news agency, or broadcasting organization
4. public d) the practice of creating a favorable image among the public towards an institution, public body, etc.
5. press e) the profession of reporting about photographing or editing new stories for one of the mass media

 

V. Укажите верный ответ согласно тексту:

1. What was one of the first enterprises that sought favorable publicity?

a) engineering plants b) coal mines c) railroads d) automobile plants

2. Who organized the first PR firms?

a) Edward B. Benays b) Ivy L. Lee c) Walter Lippmann d) Charlie Chaplin

3. Where was the first school PRs established?

a) in Boston b) in Dnever c) in New York City d) in Washington

4. What were the main functions of the committee on Public Information?

a) to discuss global problems b) to inform people about the life of film celebrities

c) to mobilize public support for the war d) to retell about interesting events happening in the world

5. Who headed the Committee on Public Information?

a) Woodrow Wilson b) George Creel c) Ivy L. Lee d) Mary Pickford

 

Text E

Yellow journalism

Yellow journalism is the use of shocking features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal. The term itself derived from the phrase Yellow Kid journalism, referring to the Yellow Kid, a cartoon (1895) in the New York World, a newspaper having a reputation for sensationalism.

Joseph Pulitzer had purchased the New York World in 1883 and, using colorful, sensational reporting and campaigns against political corruption and social injustice, had won the largest newspaper circulation in the country. His supremacy was challenged in 1895, when William Randolph Hearst, the son of a California mining industrialist, moved into New York City and bought the rival Journal. Hearst, who has already built the San Francisco Examiner into a hugely successful, mass-circulation paper, soon made it plain that he intended to do the same in New York City by outdoing his competitors in sensationalism, crusades and Sunday features. He brought some of his staff from San Francisco and hired some away from Pulitzer’s paper, including Richard F. Outcault, a cartoonist who had drawn an immensely popular comic picture series, “The Yellow Kid,” for the Sunday World. After Outcault’s defection, the comic was drawn for the World by George B. Lucks, and the two rival picture series excited so much attention that the competition between the two newspapers came to be described as “yellow journalism.” This rivalry and its accompanying promotion developed large circulations for both papers and affected American journalism in many cities.

The era of yellow journalism may be said to have ended shortly after the turn of the century, with the World’s gradual retirement from the competition in sensationalism. Some techniques of the yellow-journalism period, however, became more or less permanent and widespread, such as banner headlines, colored comics, and copious illustration.

 

I. Подберите определение для каждого термина:

1. news a) a number of copies of an issue of such publications as newspapers, magazines, etc.;
2. cartoon b) a humorous or satirical drawings, esp. one in a newspaper or magazine, concerning a topical event;
3. sensational c) current events; important or interesting recent happenings;
4. to hire d) to employ a person to do some work for an agreed payment, usually for an agreed period;
5. circulation e) causing or intended to cause intense feelings, esp. of curiosity, horror, etc;

 

II. Заполните пропуски подходящими словами:

1. Yellow journalism is the use of sensationalized news in newspapers publishing to … circulation.

a) provide low b) increase c) decrease d) vary

2. The era of yellow journalism has … shortly after the turn of the century.

a) begun b) revived again c) ended d) interrupt

3. In 1895 William Randolph Hearst, the son of a … mining industrialist, moved into New York City and bought the Journal.

a) California b) Minnesota c) Colorado d) San Francisco

4. Hearst hired some of his staff away from the New York World, including …

a) George B. Licks b) Joseph Pulitzer c) Richard F. Outcault d) Yellow Kid

5. The rival picture series of the World and the Journal excited … that the competition between the two newspapers was described as “yellow journalism.”

a) a lot of dispute b) so much attention c) so many attention d) gossip

 

 

III. Какое слово является лишним (неверным):

a) sensational a) sensationalized a) furious a) Pulitzer’s paper
b) World b) Journal b) Examiner b) Yellow Kid
c) Joseph Pulitzer c) Samuel Beckett c) William Hearst c) Richard Outcault
d) cartoonist d) industrialist e) publisher e) journalist
e) circulation e) comic e) San Fransico e) illustration

 

IV. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту (Т), а какие нет (F):

1. Richard F. Outcault first drew his comic pictures for the Journal.

2. The owner of the New York World was Hearst.

3. The distinctive features of yellow journalism are sensational and scandalous news coverage, the use of drawings and the inclusion of comic strips.

4. Some techniques of the yellow-journalism period are successfully used nowadays.

5. The term “yellow journalism” can be applied to New York City newspapers only.

 

V. Расставьте пункты плана по порядку:

1. a) World’s gradual retirement
2. b) Pulitzer’s methods of going supremacy
3. c) Origin of the term.
4. d) Newspaper business of W.R. Hearst.
5. e) Yellow journalism techniques.

 

Text F

The shooting begins

If you were to see a casual photographer around town and called him a paparazzi, beware; he might be tempted to throw his camera at you, especially if he considers himself to be a photojournalist. So what's the difference you may ask? The answer is in the meaning of paparazzi, "buzzing insects." In 1960, these pesky freelance journalists were immortalized in Federico Fellini's internationally popular film La Dolce Vita, Italian for "The Sweet Life." La Dolce Vita focuses on the life of a jaded journalist, Marcello (played by Marcello Mastroianni), and his photographer colleague, Paparazzo (Walter Santesso). The origin of the name Paparazzo is disputed, but its onomatopoeic resemblance to the Sicilian word for an oversize mosquito, papataceo, made it apt to compare with Fellini's statement: "Paparazzo suggests to me a buzzing insect, hovering, darting, stinging." Fellini also drew an image of the character in which he describes; the drawing is of a human-like figure that has no bone structure and instead, looks like a vampirish insectile, implying that paparazzi, like mosquitoes, are also parasites.

After the movie was first released in Italy, the word paparazzi became synonymous with intrusive photographers who chase the stars to get that revealing act on film. However, Fellini said it was not the photographers he tried to emulate. Fellini claimed that he was putting newspapers and weeklies on film, and many of the vignettes that make up the movie refer directly to news stories. He wanted to capture the paparazzi-inspired events where reportersoften begged involved parties for a story. However, it was the freezing-frenzied movements in the pictures captured by the photographer that sparked viewer interest, even for Fellini. "It recreates life in movement," he once stated.

The incorporation of the word paparazzi into the English language is indefinitely tied to La Dolce Vita when it was released in the United States in 1961. Time magazine introduced the word to the American public in an article entitled, "Paparazzi on the Prowl." Included is a paparazzi picture of throngs of reporters blocking the car of a princess visiting Rome. The text discloses "a ravenous wolf pack of freelance photographers who stalk big names for a living and fire with flash guns at a pointblank." Soon, the term would be spread across the pages of major news and entertainment publications across the globe, often accompanied by incriminating photos of the stars. Publications that were soon to follow this trend included Esquire, Cosmopolitan, and Life magazine. It was later introduced on the television screen by popular news-oriented shows like 60 Minutes. But no matter what the medium used to report on these "celebrity bounty hunters," it was clear that paparazzo was a derogative term. Having a recognized name may deem you a suitable target for the paparazzi, but that isnot always the case. As many photo editors explain, you have to be in demand, or be caught in an embarrassing situation. Here are a few examples of those celebrities that have been caught--by paparazzi surprise.

 

ALEC BALDWIN A photographer confronted Alec Baldwin and wife, Kim Basinger, as they brought their newborn daughter home from the hospital to their Hollywood house. Baldwin was arrested after a photographer, Alan Zanger, said that the angry actor gave him a black eye1. A jury acquitted2 Baldwin for these charges3 in March 1996.
GEORGE CLOONEY Actor George Clooney, upset about a broadcast of his girlfriend, declared a boycott of Paramount Pictures becasue of its tabloid TV shows' use of "video paparazzi" film. Clooney says that paparazzi came into his house and took pictures of him and his girlfriend, which was later published in a newspaper.
JOHNNY DEPP Earlier this year,Johnny Depp chased off 4 photographers in London with a piece of wood outside a restaurant. “The Sun” reported that Depp was drunk and started using dirty words.
GEORGE MICHAEL Last April, George Michael was caught with his pants down in a Beverly Hills bathroom. Michael told The Advocate magazine he suspects that a photogropher tipped off 5 policemen in order to sell photos that had been taken of him at the park a year earlier. Michael said the photographer was unable to sell the shirtless pictures until the pop star was caught in the act--then, they were worth $100,000.
ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER Almost one year ago, Arnold Schwarzenegger and pregnant wife, Maria Shriver, were ambushed6 by celebrity photographers and trapped7 in their Mercedes-Benz between two cars piloted.

Notes:

1. to give smb a black eye – посадить синяк

2. to acquit – оправдать

3. charge (n) – обвинение

4. to chase – преследовать

5. to tip – давать чаевые

6. to ambush – нападать из засады

7. to trap – поймать в ловушку

 

I. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие предлоги:

a) on b) across c) at d) into (2):

1. Don’t throw stones … the windows.

2. All eyes were focused … the president.

3. You can read about the incorporation of Russia … the Common wealth of Western countries in this newspaper.

4. The news was spread … the pages of all newspapers.

5. The baby is crying, peer … the nursery-room.

 

II. Подберите определение для каждого термина:

1. camera a) a picture formed by means of the chemical action of light on film
2. screen b) a journalist or photographer who follows famous people around in order to get interesting stories of photos
3. photograph c) an apparatus for taking photos
4. paparazzo d) fresh information
5. news e) a blank surface especially on a television or a part of a computer

 

III. Составьте возможные словосочетания:

1. fire at a) on television
2. introduce b) pictures
3. take c) a pointblank
4. look d) a black eye
5. give e) like

 

IV. Cоотнесите имя актера с событием в его жизни:

1. Alec Baldwin a) he and his pregnant wife were ambushed by photographers
2. George Clooney b) he used dirty words to the photographers
3. Johnny Deppy c) the actor and his girlfriend’s pictures were published in a newspaper
4. Arnold Schwarzenegger d) he was caught with his pants down in a Beverly Hills
5. George Michael e) he gave a photographer a black eye

 

V. На какие вопросы есть ответы в тексте (Y), а на какие нет (N):

1. What does the word paparazzi mean?

2. What’s the difference between photographer and paparazzi?

3. Who is the director on “La Dolce Vita”?

4. What’s the actors’ opinion about paparazzi?

5. What are advantages or disadvantages of being paparazzi?

 

TEXT G

ADVERTISING

Advertising is one of the largest industries. In 1986, for example, American business spent over $100 billion to advertise its products. Since consumers are the principal targets of these sales campaigns, we ought to know something about the services advertisers perform, as well as some of the techniques they use.