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ВАРИАНТ 12
I.Прочитайте и переведите текст
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Knowledge of foreign languages is especially important today because they are the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet. Students should learn English as a foreign language because today English is the language of the world. Over 350 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.
It is the major international language for communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English is used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations. It is the language of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every educated person, every good specialist has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays.
It is well known that reading books and magazines in the original, watching films and talking with the native speakers helps a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the country where this language is spoken.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is my Homeland. It is the largest country in the world. It occupies about 1/7 (one-seventh) of the Earth surface. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres.
Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There are no countries in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousand rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob', the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.
On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 140 million people.
Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch of power — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.
The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts. Our country has a multiparty system.
The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
1) especially important 6) a multinational state
2) means of information 7) climate conditions
3) mother tongue 8) autonomous republics
4) total area 9) the executive power
5) the legislative power 10) headed by the Prime Minister
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1) знание иностранных языков 6) страна граничит
2) английский как иностранный 7) большое
разнообразие
3) бывшие колонии 8) климатические условия
4) язык для общения 9) правительство страны
5) долгий и медленный процесс 10) власть принадлежит
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
Know, day, watch, home, large, industry, speak, deep, govern, learn.
V.Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а) к подлежащему, б) к любому члену предложения.
VI.Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы глаголов to be, to have; оборот there is/are; степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий; множественное число существительных; Present, Past, Future Simple Active/Passive; модальные глаголы.
1. Knowledge of foreign languages is especially important today because they are the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet.
2. Today English is the language of the world.
3. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.
4. The country government consists of three branches.
5. Our country has a multiparty system.
VII.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. Why do we need to learn foreign languages?
2. How many people in the world speak English?
3. What English-speaking countries do you know?
4. What oceans wash the borders of the Russian Federation?
5. How many countries have borders with Russia?
6. Are Russian flora and fauna various?
7. What are the highest mountains in Russia?
VIII.Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 - 3 предложения).