The Future Continuous ПРОЦЕСС
The Present Simple ФАКТ
Обычное, повторяющееся действие
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I You We They | V1 | I You We They | don’t V1 | Do | I you we they | V1? |
| He She It | V1+s/es | He She It | doesn’t V1 | Does | he she it | V1? |
Индикаторы: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every day/week/etc., on Mondays/Tuesdays/etc., in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night/the weekend, etc.
The Present Continuous ПРОЦЕСС
запланированное действие, процесс раздражения
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I | am Ving | I | am not Ving | Am | I | Ving? |
| He She It | is Ving | He She It | isn’t Ving | Is | he she it | Ving? |
| You We They | are Ving | You We They | aren’t Ving | Are | you we they | Ving? |
Индикаторы: now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc.
В Continuous не употребляются глаголы, выражающие:
ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЯ: like, love, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer, etc. И ЧУВСТВЕННО-ВИЗУАЛЬНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ: believe, know, notice, remember, forget, recognise, understand, realise, seem, think, etc. see, hear, feel, taste, look, smell, sound.
The Present Perfect РЕЗУЛЬТАТ
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I You We They | have V3/ed | I You We They | haven’t V3/ed | Have | I you we they | V3/ed? |
| He She It | has V3/ed | He She It | hasn’t V3/ed | Has | he she it | V3/ed? |
Индикаторы: for, since, recently, already, yet, just, always, ever, never, so far.
The Present Perfect Continuous ПРОЦЕСС С РЕЗУЛЬТАТОМ
Процесс раздражения и его результат
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I You We They | have been Ving | I You We They | haven’t been Ving | Have | I you we they | been Ving? |
| He She It | has been Ving | He She It | hasn’t been Ving | Has | he she it | been Ving? |
Индикаторы: for, since, recently, all morning/day/week/etc.
The Past Simple ФАКТ
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I He She It You We They | V3/ed | I He She It You We They | didn’t V1 | Did | I he she it you we they | V1? |
Индикаторы: yesterday, last night/week/month/year/Monday, etc. two days/weeks/months, etc. ago, then, when, How long …?, in 1992/1845, etc.
The Past Continuous ПРОЦЕСС
длительное действие, прерванное другим действием (в Past Simple)
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I He She It | was Ving | I He She It | wasn’t Ving | Was | I he she it | Ving? |
| You We They | were Ving | You We They | weren’t Ving | Were | you we they | Ving? |
Индикаторы: when, while, as, all day/night/morning, etc.
Past Perfect РЕЗУЛЬТАТ
Past Perfect = Past Simple с индикаторами before и after
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I He She It You We They | had V3/ed | I He She It You We They | hadn’t V3/ed | Had | I he she it you we they | V3/ed? |
Индикаторы: before, after, already, for, since, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, never, etc.
Past Perfect Continuous ПРОЦЕСС С РЕЗУЛЬТАТОМ
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I He She It You We They | had been Ving | I He She It You We They | hadn’t been Ving | Had | I he she it you we they | been Ving? |
Индикаторы: for, since, how long, before, until, etc.
The Future Simple ФАКТ
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I We | shall V1 | I We | shan’t V1 | Shall | I we | V1? |
| He She It You They | will V1 | He She It You They | won’t V1 | Will | he she it you they | V1? |
Индикаторы: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, tonight, soon, in a week/month/year, etc.
The Future Continuous ПРОЦЕСС
| УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ | ОТРИЦАНИЕ | ВОПРОС | ||||
| I We | shall be Ving | I We | shan’t be Ving | Shall | I we | be Ving? |
| He She It You They | will be Ving | He She It You They | won’t be Ving | Will | he she it you they | be Ving? |
После by the time, until, before, употребляется The Present Simple в придаточных времени. The Future Perfect и The Future Perfect Continuous могут стоять как перед, так и после них: I will have tidied up by the time you get back.By the time she finishes work, we will have been waiting for more than an hour.