The History of the English Language
Theory of grammar
1. The grammatical category and its structure. The types of grammatical forms.
2. The parts of speech theory (general). The system of the parts of speech in Modern English.
3. The main mechanisms of forming nouns in Modern English.
4. The noun in Modern English. The categories of case and number.
5. The noun in Modern English. The categories of case and gender.
6. The main mechanisms of forming verbs in Modern English.
7. The verb in Modern English. The main classifications of English verbs into action and state, transitive and intransitive, finite and durative.
8. The verb in Modern English. The categories of tense and aspect.
9. The verb in Modern English. The categories of mood and voice.
10. The modal verbs in Modern English. The main distinctions between the modal verb and the modal phrase.
11. The non-finite forms of the verb in Modern English.
12. The adjective and the stative in Modern English.
13. The preposition and conjunction in Modern English. The notion of the connective: pro and contra.
14. The types of syntactic bonds within the English phrase.
15. The simple sentence in Modern English.
16. The subject and predicate of the English sentence: types and means of expression.
17. The functional sentence perspective theory, the notions of the theme and the rheme. The functional sentence perspective in Modern English.
18. The secondary members of the sentence: definition, principles of division and representation.
19. The composite sentence: definition, types of construction, types of connection.
20. The historical evolution of the means of connecting sentences in the English language.
21. The complex sentence and the types of subordinate clauses.
22. The compound sentence and its constituents. Syndetic and asyndetic sentences.
Lexicology
1. Semantics and Semasiology as the main branches of lexicology.
2. The structure of the lexical meaning. The denotational component and its structure.
3. The structure of the lexical meaning. The connotational component and its structure.
4. The notion of the morpheme. The classes of morphemes.
5. The notion of derivation. The structural classification of English words.
6. Conversion, affixation and stress shift.
7. Compounding. Ways of distinguishing between a compound word and a phrase.
8. Abbreviation and its types in English.
9. Blending, affixation and back-formation in English.
10. The lexico-stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary.
11. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words. The notion of synonymy.
12. Antonymy and homonymy in the English language.
13. The essence of the semantic change process; the types of semantic change.
14. The main ways of building the English vocabulary.
15. The main sources of borrowing into the English language. The notions of a barbarism and an assimilation.
The History of the English Language
1. Synchronic and diachronic approaches as the two correlative approaches to the study of the language. The essence of the diachronic approach.
2. The ancient Germanic tribes, their classification, the early Germanic languages.
3. The general characteristics of the periods of the historical development of the English language.
4. The synthetic and analytical characteristics of the English language in the course of its historical development. Modern English as an analytical language.
5. The main phonetic processes occurring in the Old English and the Middle English periods.
6. The general phonetic structure of the Old English language. Grimm’s law and Verner’s law.
7. The Great Vowel Shift. The development of English diphthongs.
8. The main general characteristics of the Old English morphological system.
9. The strong and weak verbs in the Old English language.
10. The preterite-present and modal verbs in Old English and Modern English.
11. The main general characteristics of the Old English syntax.
12. The main developments taking place in the Middle English morphological system.
13. The development of the verb TO BE in the Old and Middle English periods.
14. The main general developments occurring in the Middle English syntax.
15. The composite sentence in the Middle English language.
16. The development of the English literary language.