To exhaust- вичерпувати , втомлювати ;
2.
Confidence-впевненість, to scribble- строчити, income- дохід, to settle (on) - врегулювати , to be sensitive (to)-бути чутливим, to shriek- кричати , to assume- припустити, to toss – щоб киути, to check oneself- щоб перевірити себе, clasp hands- обхопіть руками.
№7
1.Speak and write about: Frank Baum “The wizard of Oz”.
Dorothy, an orphan who lived with her uncle and aunt in Kansas, was accidentally brought by a cyclone, as the cyclone lifted the house Dorothy and her dog, Toto, were in, to the Land of Oz. The house accidentally landed on a Wicked Witch of the East and killed her, which made the Munchkins freed from the Wicked Witch slavery. Despite the beauty of the Land of Oz and the gratefulness of the Munchkins, Dorothy still wanted to go back to Kansas. Thus the Good Witch of the North, which came to the Land of the East after the Munchkins sent her a message about the incident, suggested Dorothy to see the Great Wizard in the City of Emerald and ask him for help. So then with the kiss of the Good Witch of the North on her forehead, and the silver shoes of the killed Wicked Witch of the East on her feet, she went to see the Great Oz.
In her journey to the City of Emerald, she met the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion in different places. They decided to go to see the Great Oz together, for the Scarecrow wanted a brain, the Tin Woodman wanted a heart, and the Cowardly Lion wanted courage to ask to the Great Wizard. Together they faced many obstacles and successfully made their way to the City of Emerald and they met the Great Oz.
After they met the Great Oz, they were asked to kill the Wicked Witch of the West before the Great Oz gave them what they wanted. As the Great Oz wishes, they had a journey to the West and try to beat the Wicked Witch of the West. In their second journey, they found difficult times. They have been attacked by a troop of wolves, a flock of wild crows, a swarm of black bees, and a dozen of Winkies sent by the Wicked Witch. But the Tin Woodman chopped the wolves to death, the Scarecrow killed all the wild crows, the black bees dead for trying to sting the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion scared the Winkies away. Mad of being beaten, the Wicked Witch requested the Winged Monkey with the power of the Golden Cap to destroy all the travelers but the Cowardly Lion. So the Winged Monkeys tore the body of the Scarecrow, and throw the Tin Woodman from the air to the rocky country. The two comrades were destroyed, but the Winged Monkey couldn’t harm Dorothy for she had been kissed on the forehead by the Good Witch of the North. So they brought both Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion to the castle of the Wicked Witch of the West.
The Wicked Witch herself couldn’t harm Dorothy because of the kiss, so she planned to steal the powerful silver shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East that Dorothy wore. Dorothy was so angry for the Wicked Witch of the West stole her silver shoes, that she threw a bucket of water to the Wicked Witch which then melted her to death. Happy and rejoiced, for being freed from the Wicked Witch, the Winkies helped Dorothy and her companions. After the wrecked Tin Woodman and the torn Scarecrow had been repaired, using the power of the Golden Cap, they flew back to the City of Emerald with the help of the Winged Monkeys.
As they got back to the Great Oz, they accidentally found out that the Great Oz was not a wizard after all. He was actually a man from Omaha who flew in an air balloon and got trapped in the magical land a quite long time before. He deceived all the people in the Land and built the City of Emerald then became the ruler of it. Anyway, the old man gave the Scarecrow a brain made of pins and needles, the Tin Woodman a heart made of silk and filled with sawdust, the Cowardly Lion a bottle of courage, and promised Dorothy that he would make an hot-air balloon for them to cross the desert surrounding the magical Land and get back to Kansas. But when the balloon launched, Dorothy missed the chance for she was chasing Toto through the crowd and the old man flew away.
Anyway, a guard on the City of Emeralds suggested her to see Glinda, the Good Witch of the South and ask for her help. So once again, Dorothy and her comrades went on a journey, to the Land of the South. This last journey was not as hard as the previous ones, for they have already experienced many things together and the Scarecrows had its brain, the Tin Woodman had his heart, and the Lion was no longer cowardly. On their journey, they met the Fighting trees, the dainty China Country and china people, the great forest in which the Lion killed a monster and became the King of the Beasts, the Hammer Heads, and finally they got in the Country of the Quadlings. In the country there was the Palace of Glinda, the Good Witch of the South. Glinda finally gave Dorothy the way to get back to Kansas, after she asked the Golden Cap from Dorothy. The way out was actually there all the time, in the Silver Shoes Dorothy got from the Wicked Witch of the East. So Dorothy bade her friends good bye and knocked the heels of the Silver Shoes together for three times, and she finally got home to where her aunt and uncle were.
casually-випадково, to haunt,-переслідувати, now that - тепер, коли, delay-затримати, to appreciate smb`s doing smith- , injustice-несправедливість, deliberately- навмисно, to ferret out- щоб вивідати, to count (on)- розраховувати(на), to have the nerve to do smth- щоб мати нахабство зробити що-небудь.
№8
1.Speak and write about: L. Carol “Alice in Wonder Land”, “Alice in Looking-Glass”.
It tells of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children.[2] It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense genre.[2][3] Its narrative course and structure, characters and imagery have been enormously influential[3] in both popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre.
Chapter One – Down the Rabbit Hole: Alice is feeling bored while sitting on the riverbank with her elder sister, when she notices a talking, clothed White Rabbit with a pocket watch run past. She follows it down a rabbit hole when suddenly she falls a long way to a curious hall with many locked doors of all sizes. She finds a small key to a door too small for her to fit through, but through it she sees an attractive garden. She then discovers a bottle on a table labelled "DRINK ME", the contents of which cause her to shrink too small to reach the key which she has left on the table. A cake with "EAT ME" on it causes her to grow to such a tremendous size her head hits the ceiling.
Chapter Two – The Pool of Tears: Alice is unhappy and cries as her tears flood the hallway. After shrinking down again due to a fan she had picked up, Alice swims through her own tears and meets a Mouse, who is swimming as well. She tries to make small talk with him in elementary French (thinking he may be a French mouse) but her opening gambit "Où est ma chatte?" (that is "Where is my cat?") offends the mouse.
Chapter Three – The Caucus Race and a Long Tale: The sea of tears becomes crowded with other animals and birds that have been swept away by the rising waters. Alice and the other animals convene on the bank and the question among them is how to get dry again. The Mouse gives them a very dry lecture on William the Conqueror. A Dodo decides that the best thing to dry them off would be a Caucus-Race, which consists of everyone running in a circle with no clear winner. Alice eventually frightens all the animals away, unwittingly, by talking about her (moderately ferocious) cat.
Chapter Four – The Rabbit Sends a Little Bill: The White Rabbit appears again in search of the Duchess's gloves and fan. Mistaking her for his maidservant, Mary Ann, he orders Alice to go into the house and retrieve them, but once she gets inside she starts growing. The horrified Rabbit orders his gardener, Bill the Lizard, to climb on the roof and go down the chimney. Outside, Alice hears the voices of animals that have gathered to gawk at her giant arm. The crowd hurls pebbles at her, which turn into little cakes. Alice eats them, and they reduce her again in size.
Chapter Five – Advice from a Caterpillar: Alice comes upon a mushroom and sitting on it is a blue Caterpillar smoking a hookah. The Caterpillar questions Alice and she admits to her current identity crisis, compounded by her inability to remember a poem. Before crawling away, the caterpillar tells Alice that one side of the mushroom will make her taller and the other side will make her shorter. She breaks off two pieces from the mushroom. One side makes her shrink smaller than ever, while another causes her neck to grow high into the trees, where a pigeon mistakes her for a serpent. With some effort, Alice brings herself back to her usual height. She stumbles upon a small estate and uses the mushroom to reach a more appropriate height.
Chapter Six – Pig and Pepper: A Fish-Footman has an invitation for the Duchess of the house, which he delivers to a Frog-Footman. Alice observes this transaction and, after a perplexing conversation with the frog, lets herself into the house. The Duchess's Cook is throwing dishes and making a soup that has too much pepper, which causes Alice, the Duchess, and her baby (but not the cook or grinning Cheshire Cat) to sneeze violently. Alice is given the baby by the Duchess and to her surprise, the baby turns into a pig. The Cheshire Cat appears in a tree, directing her to the March Hare's house. He disappears but his grin remains behind to float on its own in the air prompting Alice to remark that she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat.
Chapter Seven – A Mad Tea-Party: Alice becomes a guest at a "mad" tea party along with the March Hare, the Hatter, and a very tired Dormouse who falls asleep frequently, only to be violently woken up moments later by the March Hare and the Hatter. The characters give Alice many riddles and stories, including the famous 'Why is a raven like a writing desk?'. The Hatter reveals that they have tea all day because Time has punished him by eternally standing still at 6 pm (tea time). Alice becomes insulted and tired of being bombarded with riddles and she leaves claiming that it was the stupidest tea party that she had ever been to.
Chapter Eight – The Queen's Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red becauseThe Queen of Hearts hates white roses. A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden. Alice then meets the King and Queen. The Queen, a figure difficult to please, introduces her trademark phrase "Off with his head!" which she utters at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Alice is invited (or some might say ordered) to play a game of croquet with the Queen and the rest of her subjects but the game quickly descends into chaos. Live flamingos are used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat. The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him. Because the cat belongs to the Duchess, the Queen is prompted to release the Duchess from prison to resolve the matter.
Chapter Nine – The Mock Turtle's Story: The Duchess is brought to the croquet ground at Alice's request. She ruminates on finding morals in everything around her. The Queen of Hearts dismisses her on the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to the Gryphon, who takes her to the Mock Turtle. The Mock Turtle is very sad, even though he has no sorrow. He tries to tell his story about how he used to be a real turtle in school, which the Gryphon interrupts so they can play a game.
Chapter Ten – Lobster Quadrille: The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon dance to the Lobster Quadrille, while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster". The Mock Turtle sings them "Beautiful Soup" during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial.
Chapter Eleven – Who Stole the Tarts?: Alice attends a trial whereby the Knave of Hearts is accused of stealing the Queen's tarts. The jury is composed of various animals, including Bill the Lizard, the White Rabbit is the court's trumpeter, and the judge is the King of Hearts. During the proceedings, Alice finds that she is steadily growing larger. The dormouse scolds Alice and tells her she has no right to grow at such a rapid pace and take up all the air. Alice scoffs and calls the dormouse's accusation ridiculous because everyone grows and she cannot help it. Meanwhile, witnesses at the trial include the Hatter, who displeases and frustrates the King through his indirect answers to the questioning, and the Duchess's cook.
Chapter Twelve – Alice's Evidence: Alice is then called up as a witness. She accidentally knocks over the jury box with the animals inside them and the King orders the animals be placed back into their seats before the trial continues. The King and Queen order Alice to be gone, citing Rule 42 ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court"), but Alice disputes their judgement and refuses to leave. She argues with the King and Queen of Hearts over the ridiculous proceedings, eventually refusing to hold her tongue. The Queen shouts her familiar "Off with her head!" but Alice is unafraid, calling them out as just a pack of cards; just as they start to swarm over her. Alice's sister wakes her up for tea, brushing what turns out to be some leaves and not a shower of playing cards from Alice's face. Alice leaves her sister on the bank to imagine all the curious happenings for herself.
sober- тверезі, to abuse-зловживати, mourning-траур, tangible-відчутним, to deny-заперечувати, hilarious- веселий, to win one`s point- що виграти , outrage- обурення, to be soaked to the skin- щоб бути промоклим донитки, to break off- розірвати.
№9
1.Speak and write about: Geoffrey Chaucer – the greatest writer in the 14th century”.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/tsr/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to have been buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, theLegend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of thevernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London sometime around 1343, though the precise date and location of his birth remain unknown. His father and grandfather were both London vintners; several previous generations had been merchants in Ipswich. (His family name derives from the French chausseur, meaning "shoemaker".)[1] In 1324 John Chaucer, Geoffrey's father, was kidnapped by an aunt in the hope of marrying the twelve-year-old boy to her daughter in an attempt to keep property in Ipswich. The aunt was imprisoned and the £250 fine levied suggests that the family was financially secure—bourgeois, if not elite.[2] John Chaucer married Agnes Copton, who, in 1349, inherited properties including 24 shops in London from her uncle, Hamo de Copton, who is described in a will dated 3 April 1354 and listed in the City Hustings Roll as "moneyer"; he was said to be moneyer at the Tower of London. In the City Hustings Roll 110, 5, Ric II, dated June 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer refers to himself as me Galfridum Chaucer, filium Johannis Chaucer, Vinetarii, Londonie' .
In 1359, in the early stages of the Hundred Years' War, Edward III invaded France and Chaucer travelled with Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, Elizabeth's husband, as part of the English army. In 1360, he was captured during the siege of Rheims. Chaucer probably studied law in the Inner Temple (an Inn of Court) at this time. He became a member of the royal court of Edward III as a varlet de chambre, yeoman, or esquire on 20 June 1367, a position which could entail a wide variety of tasks. His wife also received a pension for court employment.
Chaucer travelled to Picardy the next year as part of a military expedition; in 1373 he visited Genoa and Florence. Numerous scholars such as Skeat, Boitani, and Rowland[8] suggested that, on this Italian trip, he came into contact with Petrarch or Boccaccio. They introduced him to medieval Italian poetry, the forms and stories of which he would use later.[9] The purposes of a voyage in 1377 are mysterious, as details within the historical record conflict.
He is believed to have died of unknown causes on 25 October 1400, but there is no firm evidence for this date, as it comes from the engraving on his tomb, erected more than one hundred years after his death. There is some speculation—most recently in Terry Jones' book Who Murdered Chaucer? : A Medieval Mystery—that he was murdered by enemies of Richard II or even on the orders of his successor Henry IV, but the case is entirely circumstantial. Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey in London, as was his right owing to his status as a tenant of the Abbey's close. In 1556, his remains were transferred to a more ornate tomb, making Chaucer the first writer interred in the area now known as Poets' Corner.
to be soaked to the skin-бути промоклим до нитки, out of earshot- поза межами чутності, apparent- очевидно, to take the chance of doing smth- щоб ризиківати,зробити щ-н, hostility- ворожість, to startle – шоб вразити, to be alarmed (at)- для занепокоєння(за), to blunder- позіхати, to work smb up to smthпрацювати на когось для чого-небудь, to call of- зателефонувати з.
№10
1.Speak and write about: Charles Dickens- the greatest English writer of the 19th
Charles Dickens is much loved for his great contribution to classic English literature. He was the quintessential Victorian author. His epic stories, vivid characters and exhaustive depiction of contemporary life are unforgettable.
His own story is one of rags to riches. He was born in Portsmouth on 7 February 1812, to John and Elizabeth Dickens. The good fortune of being sent to school at the age of nine was short-lived because his father, inspiration for the character of Mr Micawber in 'David Copperfield', was imprisoned for bad debt. The entire family, apart from Charles, were sent to Marshalsea along with their patriarch. Charles was sent to work in Warren's blacking factory and endured appalling conditions as well as loneliness and despair. After three years he was returned to school, but the experience was never forgotten and became fictionalised in two of his better-known novels 'David Copperfield' and 'Great Expectations'.
Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist. His own father became a reporter and Charles began with the journals 'The Mirror of Parliament' and 'The True Sun'. Then in 1833 he became parliamentary journalist for The Morning Chronicle. With new contacts in the press he was able to publish a series of sketches under the pseudonym 'Boz'. In April 1836, he married Catherine Hogarth, daughter of George Hogarth who edited 'Sketches by Boz'. Within the same month came the publication of the highly successful 'Pickwick Papers', and from that point on there was no looking back for Dickens.
As well as a huge list of novels he published autobiography, edited weekly periodicals including 'Household Words' and 'All Year Round', wrote travel books and administered charitable organisations. He was also a theatre enthusiast, wrote plays and performed before Queen Victoria in 1851. His energy was inexhaustible and he spent much time abroad - for example lecturing against slavery in the United States and touring Italy with companions Augustus Egg and Wilkie Collins, a contemporary writer who inspired Dickens' final unfinished novel 'The Mystery of Edwin Drood'.
He was estranged from his wife in 1858 after the birth of their ten children, but maintained relations with his mistress, the actress Ellen Ternan. He died of a stroke in 1870. He is buried at Westminster Abbey.
2. bewildered-розгублений, a witness stand-свідок стенд, jury- журі, a defendant-овинувачений, to strike down-щоб вдарити, a marriage of convenience- шлюб зрозрахунку, to select- щоб вибрати, to keep up (with) – щоб йти вногу, scrupulous- скурпульозно, to clarify- щоб уточнити.
№11
1. Speak and write about: Charles Dickens - “Nicholas Nickleby”.
Who was Charles Dickens?
He was born in 1812 at Portsmouth on the English south coast and came to London at the age of 10. Two years later, he was working in a boot-blacking warehouse in Charing Cross, a three-mile walk from his home in Camden Town. The young Charles was well acquainted with the working-class world of London, which would provide the setting for many of his novels.
Dickens’s father was a government clerk, but mismanagement of his financial affairs led his family into poverty. For a short time he was imprisoned for debt. Despite this, Charles managed to attend school. He worked as a solicitor’s clerk, then as a reporter of Parliamentary debates for the Morning Chronicle.
His literary career was launched in 1835 by a series of cameos of London life, written for the Evening Chronicle and other periodicals, and published the following year as Sketches by Boz, Illustrative of Every-Day Life and Every-Day People. The same year his Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club was issued in 20 monthly parts. The humorous adventures of Mr Pickwick and his companions was an instant success, achieving literary recognition for Dickens and providing new financial security.
Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby soon followed. In 1842 he made the first of two trips to America, where he spoke passionately against slavery and in favour of international copyright. He set up the weekly periodical Household World in 1850, succeeded by All the Year Round nine years later. Both provided vehicles for the publication by instalments of his later novels.
He died suddenly in 1870, shortly after his second speaking tour of America, leaving Edwin Drood unfinished. In its obituary, the Penny Illustrated Paper described Dickens as “one of the chief literary glories of the Victorian era”. “Prematurely dead at fifty-nine!” the paper exclaimed, but “where was there a man with more of a life?”
What’s Nicholas Nickleby about?
The long and involved novel was published in parts between 1838 and 1839. It tells the story of a family left destitute by the death of their father, Mr Nickleby. Nicholas, his mother and his sister, turn in desperation to his uncle, Ralph Nickleby, who proves to be a disreputable tyrant.
Angered by Nicholas’ rebellious spirit, Ralph sends him to work as a schoolmaster at Dotheboys Hall, a brutal Yorkshire school run by the evil Wackford Squeers. Nicholas is appalled by the treatment of the school’s orphans, in particular a frail and simple-mined boy called Smike. After giving Squeers a taste of his own medicine in the form of a severe thrashing, Nicholas and Smike run away from the school and join a troupe of travelling entertainers.
Meanwhile, in London, Uncle Ralph is planning to deliver his niece into the clutches of the despicable Sir Mulberry Hawk. News of his plan reaches Nicholas, who returns to London to rescue his sister and make a home for her and their mother. Smike dies of consumption and is revealed as the son of Ralph Nickleby. The disgraced uncle hangs himself; justice is done; and the Nickleby family finds tranquility at last.
2. Translate idioms, word-combinations, words: shrewd, to account (for), to back up, a witness, to trace, in board daylight, thud, urgent, to deal (with), to come up.
Shrewd – проникливий
to account (for) – рахувати
to back up – підтримувати, давати задній хід
a witness - свідок
to trace - стежити
in board daylight
thud – глухий стукіт
urgent – терміновий, невідкладний, черговий (лікар)
to deal (with) – укладати угоду, мати справу
to come up – придумувати, вигадувати
№12
1. Speak and write about: Charles Dickens “Oliver Twist”.
Oliver Twist, subtitled The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by English author Charles Dickens, published by Richard Bentley in 1838. The story is about an orphan, Oliver Twist, who endures a miserable existence in a workhouse and then is placed with an undertaker. He escapes and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. Naïvely unaware of their unlawful activities, Oliver is led to the lair of their elderly criminal trainer Fagin.
Oliver Twist is notable for Dickens's unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives. The book exposed the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London during the Dickensian era. The book's subtitle, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress and also to a pair of popular 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress.
An early example of the social novel, the book calls the public's attention to various contemporary evils, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. Dickens mocks the hypocrisies of his time by surrounding the novel's serious themes with sarcasm and dark humour. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of hardships as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own early youth as a child labourer contributed to the story's development.
Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous film and television adaptations, and is the basis for a highly successful musical play and the multiple Academy Award winning 1968 motion picture made from it.
Oliver Twist was born into a life of poverty and misfortune in a workhouse in an unnamed town (although when originally published in Bentley's Miscellany in 1837 the town was called Mudfog and said to be within 70 miles north of London – in reality this is the location of the town of Northampton). Orphaned almost from his first breath by his mother's death in childbirth and his father's unexplained absence, Oliver is meagerly provided for under the terms of the Poor Law, and spends the first nine years of his life at a baby farm in the 'care' of a woman named Mrs. Mann. Oliver is brought up with little food and few comforts. Around the time of Oliver's ninth birthday, Mr. Bumble, the parish beadle, removes Oliver from the baby farm and puts him to work picking oakum at the main workhouse. Oliver, who toils with very little food, remains in the workhouse for six months. One day, the desperately hungry boys decide to draw lots; the loser must ask for another portion of gruel. The task falls to Oliver, who at the next meal tremblingly comes up forward, bowl in hand, and makes his famous request: "Please, sir, I want some more".
A great uproar ensues. The board of well-fed gentlemen who administer the workhouse hypocritically offer five pounds to any person wishing to take on the boy as an apprentice. A brutal chimney sweep almost claims Oliver. However, when he begs despairingly not to be sent away with "that dreadful man", a kindly old magistrate refuses to sign the indentures. Later, Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker employed by the parish, takes Oliver into his service. He treats Oliver better, and because of the boy's sorrowful countenance, uses him as a mourner at children's funerals. However, Mr. Sowerberry is in an unhappy marriage, and his wife takes an immediate dislike to Oliver – primarily because her husband seems to like him – and loses few opportunities to underfeed and mistreat him. He also suffers torment at the hands of Noah Claypole, an oafish but bullying fellow apprentice and "charity boy" who is jealous of Oliver's promotion to mute, and Charlotte, the Sowerberrys' maidservant, who is in love with Noah.
While attempting to bait Oliver, Noah insults Oliver's biological mother, calling her "a regular right-down bad 'un". Oliver flies into a rage, attacking and even beating the much bigger boy. Mrs. Sowerberry takes Noah's side, helps him to subdue, punch, and beat Oliver, and later compels her husband and Mr. Bumble, who has been sent for in the aftermath of the fight, to beat Oliver again. Once Oliver is sent to his room for the night, he does something that he had not done since babyhood – he breaks down and weeps. Alone that night, Oliver finally decides to run away, and, "He remembered to have seen the waggons, as they went out, toiling up the hill. He took the same route," until a well-placed milestone sets his wandering feet towards London.
2. Translate idioms, word-combinations, words: incredulity, to reach out, a prosecutor, outright, background, to run errands (for), to snatch, unwitting, a counsel for the defence, to go blind.
Incredulity – недовіра, підозрілість
to reach out – досягати
a prosecutor – прокурор
outright – відвертий, відверто, прямий, прямо
background – задній план
to run errands (for) – на побігеньках
to snatch – вирвати
unwitting – мимовільний
a counsel for the defence – захисник
to go blind – сліпнути
№13
1. Speak and write about: Irving Show “Return to Kansas City” – How do you interpret the title of the story.
2. Translate idioms, word-combinations, words: to be color blind, to adjust, to set a trap, to lean forward, to get oneself into trouble, to estimate, to divorce, alert, in the vicinity, an acquittal.
to be color blind – дальтонік
to adjust – регулювати, настроювати, підганяти
to set a trap – встановлювати пастку
to lean forward – нахилятися вперед
to get oneself into trouble
to estimate – оцінювати
to divorce – розлучатися
alert – тривога
in the vicinity – недалеко, поблизу
an acquittal – виправдувальний вирок
№14
1. Speak and write about: F. Scott Fitzgerald “Babylon Revisited” – What was Paris like before the crisis and after it?
F. Scott Fitzgerald is an American author most famous for his 1925 novel The Great Gatsby. However, Fitzgerald was also an avid short story writer, publishing dozens of short stories in magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post. The most famous of these are, among others, "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz," " The Curious Case of Benjamin Button," "Bernice Bobs Her Hair," and at the top of critics' lists everywhere, the 1931 "Babylon Revisited."
"Babylon Revisited" is the story of a Charlie Wales, a former drunken party-goer who returns to Paris, the site of his former 1920s debauchery, shortly after the stock market crash of 1929. Charlie sees his world with new (sober) eyes and is both shocked and appalled by the extravagance that characterized his former life. The story is rooted in the financial crisis of its times. Fitzgerald wrote the piece in December of 1930, when the good times of the Jazz Age (also called the "Roaring Twenties") had come to an end and America was headed into the Great Depression. Charlie's horror with his own former waste and self-destruction is Fitzgerald's condemnation of a society who drank away the '20s.
"Babylon Revisited" is also a criticism of Fitzgerald's own participation in the party that lasted a decade. (Fitzgerald's fast-lane lifestyle epitomized his generation of Jazz Age party-goers.) He wrote in a letter to his editor that he "announced the birth of [his] young illusions in This Side of Paradise, but pretty much the death of them in […] stories like 'Babylon Revisited'" (source: Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur).
Because of the connections to Fitzgerald's own life, many critics have looked in painstaking detail at the autobiographical elements of "Babylon Revisited." Like main character Charlie Wales, Fitzgerald was in a tumultuous and tabloid-ready marriage that was destructive to both him and his wife, Zelda. Fitzgerald also admitted to basing the character of Charlie's estranged daughter, Honoria, on his own daughter Scottie. For more details, check "Genre," where we discuss the biographical elements of the work.
If you're not hooked yet, you should know that "Babylon Revisited" is largely considered the height of Fitzgerald's short story collection. Or, in the words of several Fitzgerald scholars:
"'Babylon Revisited' stands as Fitzgerald's one virtually flawless contribution to the canon of the short story." (source: John Higgins, F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Study of the Stories, St. John's University Press, 1971)
"'Babylon Revisited' [stands as] Fitzgerald's best story." (source: Herbie Butterfield, "'All Very Rich and Sad': A Decade of Fitzgerald Short Stories" in Scott Fitzgerald: The Promises of Life, edited by Robert Lee. St. Martin's Press, 1989)
"Babylon Revisited [is] a beautifully executed story without a single false note, and […] one of the great modern short stories." (source: Arthur Voss, The American Short Story: A Critical Survey. University of Oklahoma Press, 1975)
2. Translate idioms, word-combinations, words: to snore, serene, to sniff, to weep, to wrinkle, to take a nap, to watch pennies, stingy, obstinately, to store up, tought.
to snore – хропіти
serene – безтурботний, лагідний, спокійний
to sniff – нюхати
to weep – плакати
to wrinkle – морщитися
to take a nap – подрімати (вздремнуть)
to watch pennies -
stingy – жадібний
obstinately – наполегливо, вперто, завзято
to store up -
tought – вчив, вивчав
№15
1. . Speak and write about: F. Scott Fitzgerald – the Jazz age writer.
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.[1] Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby (his most famous), and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair.
Fitzgerald's work has been adapted into films many times. His short story, "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button", was the basis for a 2008 film. Tender is the Night was filmed in 1962, and made into a television miniseries in 1985. The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. The Great Gatsby has been the basis for numerous films of the same name, spanning nearly 90 years; 1926, 1949, 1974, 2000, and 2013 adaptations. In addition, Fitzgerald's own life from 1937 to 1940 was dramatized in 1958 in Beloved Infidel.
"The Jazz Age"
F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1921
Paris in the 1920s proved the most influential decade of Fitzgerald's development. Fitzgerald made several excursions to Europe, mostly Paris and the French Riviera, and became friends with many members of the American expatriate community in Paris, notably Ernest Hemingway. Fitzgerald's friendship with Hemingway was quite vigorous, as many of Fitzgerald's relationships would prove to be. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda. In addition to describing her as "insane" he claimed that she "encouraged her husband to drink so as to distract Fitzgerald from his work on his novel," the other work being the short stories he sold to magazines. Like most professional authors at the time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories for such magazines as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire, and sold his stories and novels to Hollywood studios. This "whoring", as Fitzgerald and, subsequently, Hemingway called these sales, was a sore point in the authors' friendship. Fitzgerald claimed that he would first write his stories in an authentic manner but then put in "twists that made them into saleable magazine stories."
Fitzgerald wrote frequently for The Saturday Evening Post. This issue from May 1, 1920, containing the short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair", was the first with Fitzgerald's name on the cover.
Although Fitzgerald's passion lay in writing novels, only his first novel sold well enough to support the opulent lifestyle that he and Zelda adopted as New York celebrities. (The Great Gatsby, now considered to be his masterpiece, did not become popular until after Fitzgerald's death.) Because of this lifestyle, as well as the bills from Zelda's medical care when they came, Fitzgerald was constantly in financial trouble and often required loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins. When Ober decided not to continue advancing money to Fitzgerald, the author severed ties with his longtime friend and agent. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan".)
Fitzgerald began working on his fourth novel during the late 1920s but was sidetracked by financial difficulties that necessitated his writing commercial short stories, and by the schizophrenia that struck Zelda in 1930. Her emotional health remained fragile for the rest of her life. In 1932, she was hospitalized in Baltimore, Maryland. Fitzgerald rented the "La Paix" estate in the suburb of Towson, Maryland to work on his latest book, the story of the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist who falls in love with and marries Nicole Warren, one of his patients. The book went through many versions, the first of which was to be a story of matricide. Some critics have seen the book as a thinly-veiled autobiographical novel recounting Fitzgerald's problems with his wife, the corrosive effects of wealth and a decadent lifestyle, his own egoism and self-confidence, and his continuing alcoholism. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his "material" (i.e., their life together). When Zelda wrote and sent to Scribner's her own fictional version of their lives in Europe, Save Me the Waltz, Fitzgerald was angry and was able to make some changes prior to the novel's publication, and convince her doctors to keep her from writing any more about what he called his "material," which included their relationship. His book was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. Critics who had waited nine years for the followup to The Great Gatsby had mixed opinions about the novel. Most were thrown off by its three-part structure and many felt that Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations.[18] The novel did not sell well upon publication but, like the earlier Gatsby, the book's reputation has since risen significantly.
2. Translate idioms, word-combinations, words: to be wide awake, to sigh, wearily, to squeeze, to conceal, to sneer, to be supposed to do smth, to snore, serene, to stir.
to be wide awake – бути бадьорим
to sigh – зітхати
wearily – стомлено
to squeeze - вивчати
to conceal – щоб приховати
to sneer - іронізувати
to be supposed to do smth – зробити що-небудь
to snore – хропіти
serene – спокійний
to stir - розмішати
№16
1.Speak and write about: How does time and society affect the family life or an individual life in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s stories.
2.Translate idioms, word-combinations, words:
to rake up the past – щоб ворушити минуле ;
obstinately – вперто ;
lonesome – самотній ;
To button - кнопка;
to knot – зав’язати вузлом ;
to go out – вийти ;
Stingy - скупий ;
to see(through) – щоб побачити через ;
day in and day out – із дня в день ;
№17
1.Speak and write about: “Your witness” Helen Nielsen – Do you think the autor has created time to live characters?
2.Translate idioms, word-combinations, words:
now and then- і тоді і зараз ;
to exhaust- вичерпувати , втомлювати ;