характерные для статей обзорного типа

Характерные для статей исследовательского типа

1. The observation that . . . has never been made; it is generally assumed that . . . ; to explain smth in terms of . . .; I will disregard these cases; as appears from the examples; to render the function of; the expression . . . can be used in a number of different sentences, etc.

2. This paper concentrates on the aspect of . . . ; this paper will provide a tentative answer . . . ; I will show directly; now let us turn to .. . ., etc.

3. Our present evidence has come from unexpected sources; many writes seem to have assume that . . . ; if I understand them correctly; all accept that . . . ; B. and A. Are more explicit on the point; the examples given by L. suggest that . . . ; etc.

4. The present paper attempts to remedy this lack; I shall be concerned for the most part with . . .; this problem does not seem to arise in an acute form in dealing with . . ., etc.

5. These examples illustrate further . . .; consider again examples; on this evidence we can establish that; however, an explanation suggests itself; for maintaining this . . .; it is scarcely possible, for instance, that . . .; one type of case remains to be accounted for; this paper focused in part on examples like . . .; etc.

6. The point I would like to make is this; this hypothesis receives additional support from . . .; here the event described in . . . is normally interpreted . . .; etc.

7. In this paper I have limited myself to a study of . . .; I have not tackled the much wider problems of . . .; to recapitulate, etc.

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Характерные для статей дискуссионного типа

 

1. The terms “. . .” can be handled in the two different ways; one can treat smth as . . .; one can also go into the question of how . . .; the discrepancy between smth and smth; unlike B. and C. I shall assume; the two approaches should not conflict with each other; the view that . . . has never been seriously challenged; there has been some discussion to what arrears to be a serious gap in literature on . . .; His argument is based on; in the recent article A. calls into question; the argument is based on; the last point leads A. to conclude that . . .; etc.

2. I should like to emphasize two points with respect to this purpose; in a discussion which follows; S. treats . . . in terms of . . .; linguistic approaches to … concur with . . .; to clarify the difference in meaning; to highlight a distinction between smth and smth; to point out that . . . is misleading; H. equates smth with smth, etc.

3. Let us consider the following; on the contrary, that discovery would entitle us to accept . . .; I will begin by concentrating on . . .; there is plenty of evidence of . . .; a sample of the possible arguments; beyond any doubt that; a number of points call for discussion concerning . . .; their differences, however, far outweigh their similarity; what I do not accept is . . .; H. makes a point with which I agree that . . .; as argued before; apart from the fact that; the point of the argument in this selection is . . .; it stands to resin that . . .; I would like to make three observations on A.’s argument, etc.

4. Our first set of examples will illustrate that . . .; I don’t think I should end this paper without discussing the question of . . .; we can lock for an answer in two possible directions; this presents a serious problem for the second theory, less so for the first; notice two important points that . . .; this illustration and others that we have cited in this selection show clearly that . . .; the difference between . . .may be illustrated by the following contrast; may be exemplified by examining, etc.

5. The purpose of this article has been to argue two points; the conclusion is that both theories appear to have their merits and their deficiencies; the following observations may well shed light on the problem; the conclusion will be unwellcomed by advocates of .

Некоторые ключевые слова,

характерные для статей обзорного типа

1. We shall consider /establish / assume / show . . ;.in the rest of article I will be concentrated on; the same observation can be made for; it is difficult to draw a line of demarcation between . . .; a certain amount of self – criticism and awareness of theoretical concepts . . .; I have these preliminary remarks by way of introduction to the topic at hand, etc.

2. As a criterion of; to accept the judgment as it is presented; my reasons for maintaining this are two; I would not accept B.’s view which seems to be based on am outdated notion . . . ; within; I realize that a lot of scientists would not agree with . . . ascertain I am making now, etc.

3. We shall leave it for the reader to decide in favour of a particular theory; once we abandon the assumption that . . .; the main advantage of . . . is; it is now generally accepted by those . . .; the data from which these estimations are made are of the type commonly used in . . .; I would maintain the view . . .; etc.

4. None the less, scientists must come to terms with . . .; the macro – problem which I see here . . .; a . . . approach has proved valuable to . . . ; etc.