C) contractual, corporate, and administered
D) administered, independent, and franchised
E) contractual, corporate, and task
27) A distinguishing feature of a contractual VMS is that coordination and conflict management among the independent members of the channel are attained through ________.
A) agents and brokers
B) working partnerships
C) limited liability incorporation
D) contractual agreements
E) natural competitive forces
28) The most common type of contractual agreement in business is the ________.
A) franchise organization
B) vertical marketing system
C) conventional marketing channel
D) corporate VMS
E) administered VMS
29) Leadership in which type of marketing system is assumed not through common ownership or contractual ties but through the size and power of one or a few dominant channel members?
A) horizontal marketing system
B) administered VMS
C) corporate VMS
D) multichannel distribution system
E) conventional marketing channel
30) In a ________, two or more companies at one level join together to develop a new marketing opportunity.
A) franchise
B) horizontal marketing system
C) corporate VMS
D) multichannel distribution system
E) conventional distribution channel
Chapter 13 Retailing and Wholesaling
1) ________ includes all the activities involved in selling products or services directly to final consumers for their personal, nonbusiness use.
A) Franchising
B) Retailing
C) Brokering
D) Wholesaling
E) Disintermediation
2) In recent years, ________ has/have been growing fast. This includes selling to final consumers through direct mail, catalogs, telephone, and the Internet.
A) specialty stores
B) shopping centers
C) superstores
D) nonstore retailing
E) e-commerce
3) ________ is the basis of all discount operations and is typically used by sellers of convenience goods. Retailers offering this level of service require customers to perform their own "locate- compare-select" process in order to save money.
A) Limited-service
B) Self-service
C) Full-service
D) Specialty-service
E) Wholesaling
4) ________, such as Sears, provide more sales assistance because they carry more shopping goods about which customers need information. Their increased operating costs result in higher prices.
A) Self-service retailers
B) Full-service retailers
C) Off-price retailers
D) Limited-service retailers
E) Specialty-service retailers
5) Which type of stores usually carry more specialty goods for which customers like to be "waited on" and have much higher operating costs, which are passed along to the customer?
A) self-service stores
B) category killer stores
C) full-service stores
D) independent stores
E) specialty-service retailers
6) Which of the following retailers likely require the most emphasis on salespeople to assist customers?
A) self-service retailers
B) full-service retailers
C) off-price retailers
D) limited-service retailers
E) megaretailers
7) ________ carry narrow product lines with deep assortments within those lines.
A) Chain stores
B) Specialty stores
C) Convenience stores
D) Discount stores
E) Off-price stores
8) Specialty stores carry ________ with ________ within them.
A) convenience items; mostly staples
B) narrow product lines; deep assortments
C) narrow product lines; shallow assortments
D) wide product lines; shallow assortments
E) wide product lines; deep assortments
9) Which type of store carries a wide variety of product lines and differentiates itself through service, but has been squeezed in recent years between more focused and flexible specialty stores on the one hand and more efficient, lower-priced discounters on the other?
A) chain
B) department
C) factory outlet
D) merchant wholesaler
E) independents
10) ________ are facing slow sales growth because of slower population growth, increased competition, and the rapid growth of out-of-home eating.
A) Convenience stores
B) Department stores
C) Chain stores
D) Supermarkets
E) Hypermarkets
11) Which type of retailer tends to be the most frequently shopped?
A) convenience stores
B) department stores
C) superstores
D) supermarkets
E) off-price retailers
12) Which type of small store carries a limited line of high-turnover convenience goods and makes most of its revenues from cigarette, beverage, and gasoline sales?
A) convenience
B) chain
C) department
D) supermarket
E) hypermarket
13) Which type of store is much larger than regular supermarkets and offers a large assortment of routinely purchased food products, nonfood items, and services?
A) category killer
B) chain
C) factory outlet
D) superstore
E) off-price
14) Which type of store carries a deep assortment, has knowledgeable staff, and might actually be viewed as a giant specialty store?
A) category killer
B) chain
C) factory outlet
D) shopping center
E) independent
15) Service retailers include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) hotels and motels
B) airlines
C) movie theaters
D) bowling alleys
E) convenience stores
16) ________ retailers in the United States are growing faster than product retailers.
A) Discount
B) Merchant
C) Service
D) Specialty
E) Off-price
17) ________ sell standard merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling higher volume.
A) Merchant wholesalers
B) Discount stores
C) Full-service retailers
D) Limited-service retailers
E) Factory outlets
18) Early ________ cut expenses by offering few services and operating in warehouse-like facilities in low-rent, heavily traveled districts.
A) chain stores
B) department stores
C) discount stores
D) off-price retailers
E) full-service retailers
19) ________ have filled the ultralow-priced, high-volume gap by buying at less-than-regular wholesale prices and charging consumers less than retail.
A) Off-price retailers
B) Discount stores
C) Convenience stores
D) Chain stores
E) Limited-service retailers
20) Which of the following is NOT one of the main types of off-price retailers?
A) independents
B) factory outlets
C) warehouse clubs
D) category killers
E) membership warehouses
21) ________, which buy at less-than-regular wholesale prices and charge consumers less than retail, are independently owned and run or are divisions of larger retail corporations.
A) Discount stores
B) Warehouse clubs
C) Superstores