Unit 2. The Job Market in Canada
Unit 1. People and Workplace
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases with their Russian equivalents:
| 1) to be on the payroll 2) personnel 3) to carry out 4) headquarters 5) open-plan office 6) buyer 7) HRM 8) to deal with | a) головной офис (компании) b) управление персоналом (кадрами) c) офис с открытой планировкой d) выполнять e) числиться в ведомости f) персонал, кадры g) общаться, иметь дело h) покупатель |
Task 2. Read and translate the text.
People and Workplace
Employees and management
The people who work for a company, all the people on its payroll, are its employees, personnel, staff, workers or workforce. But these words can mean just the people carrying out the work of a company, rather than those leading it and organizing it: the management.
Management and administration
A company’s activity may be spread over different sites. A company’s most senior managers usually work in its head office or headquarters (HQ). Some managers have their own individual offices, but in many businesses, most employees work in open-plan offices: large areas where many people work together. Administration or, informally, admin, the everyday work supporting a company’s activities, is often done in offices like these by administrative staff or support staff. For example, those giving technical help to buyers of the company’s products are in technical support.
Personnel and human resources
In larger organizations there is a human resources department (HRD) that deals with pay, recruitment, etc. This area is called human resources (HR) or human resource management (HRM). Another name for this department is the personnel department.
Task 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What are people working for a company called?
2. What is the management?
3. Where do a company’s most senior managers usually work?
4. What is an open-plan office?
5. Does administrative staff support a company’s activities?
6. What does a human resources department deal with?
Task 4. Match the following words from the text with their definitions:
| 1) staff 2) management 3) senior 4) support staff 5) HR | a) having a higher rank or profession in an organization than others b) the department in a company that deals with employing and training people c) all the people who work for a company or an organization d) the people who run and control a business or similar organization e) the people in a company who help it to operate, but who are not directly involved in the company’s business |
Task 5. Complete the sentences using the following words from the text: personnel, employees, management, support staff, head office.
1. The bank has had to lay off …, including computer programmers and translators.
2. Senior … was involved in the decision.
3. Another name for the human resources department is … department.
4. The company’s … is in New York.
5. The firm has over 600 ….
Task 6. Manuel Ortiz is the founder of a Spanish computer sales company. Use words from the text to complete what he says about it.
I founded Computadoras Creativas 20 years ago. We started with a small … in Madrid. Our … is still here, but now we have sites all over Spain, with about 500 employees. Many of the offices are … …: everyone works together, from managers to …, as well as people selling over the phone, and people in technical … giving help to customers over the phone. Recruitment is taken care of in Madrid, by the … … ….
Task 7. Put the verb into Present Simple (active or passive). See Appendixes 1 and 4.
1. This area … (call) human resources.
2. Our meetings … (start) every Monday at 8 a.m.
3. She … (work) in an open-plan office.
4. This department … (staff) by recent graduates.
5. They often … (discuss) their business matters with clients.
6. These documents … (not/send) by fax.
7. … this company … (sell) its goods all over the world?
8. The contract … (sign) by Mr Brown.
9. Our manager never … (make) reports in the mornings.
Unit 2. The Job Market in Canada
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases with their Russian
equivalents:
| 1) employer | a) непостоянный |
| 2) to be reluctant | b) рабочие места |
| 3) jobs | c) перемещать |
| 4) unstable | d) пораженный |
| 5) for fear | e) молодые дипломированные специалисты |
| 6) to relocate | f) изменение |
| 7) recession | g) постоянный |
| 8) struck | h) предприниматель; работодатель |
| 9) young graduates | i) гибкость |
| 10) permanent | j) отказываться, делать с неохотой |
| 11) shift | k) спад |
| 12) flexibility | l) из опасения (из страха) |
Task 2. Read the text and say what kind of non-standard employment appeals to you most.
The Job Market in Canada
Before the 1970s, most Canadians worked all their lives for the same employer.
They were reluctant to change jobs for fear of losing seniority and being seen as ‘unstable’. People with only a high school education could get stable well-paying jobs in the manufacturing sector (textiles, automobile industry, shipbuilding, etc.).
This situation changed in the 1970s, many manufacturing jobs were relocated to East Asia and Mexico, where wages were lower and labour standards less strict.
At the same time, the job market was flooded by the children of the ‘baby boom’.
In 1982, Canada was struck by a severe recession. Both the government and the major corporations were forced to lay off people, in general, younger people with less seniority. It became impossible for young graduates to find any permanent work.
For the people of this generation, there was a shift from the traditional lifetime job to different forms of non-standard employment:
part-timer: work less than 35 hours a week
on-call workers: work only when called in on short notice
freelancers: work independently for several clients
casual workers: do full-time contracts for a limited period (often 1 year)
telecommuters: work from home via the Internet
‘temp’ workers: do temporary work through a placement agency, often to replace who are sick, pregnant, on sabbaticals, etc.
This situation did not really change until the mid-1990s. By then, many people had become accustomed to non-standard employment and enjoyed the increased flexibility and independence. And many of them went on to create their own businesses. These people have become the new business class in Canada, often in the new high-tech industries (information technology, biotech, computer animation, robotics, multimedia, etc.).
Task 3. Answer the questions:
1. Why were most Canadians reluctant to change their jobs?
2. How and why did the situation change in the 1970s?
3. Who was the job market flooded by?
4. Who was in the most difficult situation after 1982?
5. When and how did this situation really change?
6. In what areas did the new business class start working?
Task 4. Match the following words from the text with their definitions from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English:
| 1) part-timer | a) a person who works from home via the Internet |
| 2) to commute | b) to take the place of |
| 3) freelancer | c) the state of being independent |
| 4) telecommuter | d) lasting for, designed to be used for a short time only; not permanent |
| 5) to replace | e) to dismiss temporarily |
| 6) accustomed | f) (of a woman or female animal) having in the uterus offspring in a stage of development before birth |
| 7) independence | g) independent journalist, writer, etc earning his living by selling his services, wherever he can |
| 8) temporary | h) to make somebody do something |
| 9) pregnant | i) a person who works for only a part of the working day or week |
| 10) to force | j) usual, habitual |
| 11) to lay off | k) to travel regularly, e. g. by train or car, between one’s work in a town and one’s home in the country or suburbs |
Task 5. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple (active). See Appendix 1.
1. They (lay off) workmen, because of a shortage of material.
2. Last week a number of customers (complain) about slow service.
3. James Sainsbury (set up) a dairy in 1869. The business (expand) and (diversify), and eventually (become) the largest chain of supermarkets in Britain.
4. She (not accept) the job because the salary was too low.
5. The workers in the factory (dislike) their working conditions.
6. He (not can) find a suitable job in his country, so he (go) abroad to look for work.
7. The first peaceful rocket use (be) in the 1950s when in October 1957 the Soviets (launch) their first satellite Sputnik 1.
Task 6. Match the sentence beginnings (1-5) with the correct endings (a-e).
1. Before the 1970s, most Canadians worked all their lives
2. This situation changed in the 1970s, many manufacturing jobs
3. It became impossible for young graduates to find
4. In the mid-1990s many people had become accustomed to non-standard employment and
5. These people have become the new business class
a) enjoyed the increased flexibility and independence.
b) any permanent work.
c) in Canada, often in the new high-tech industries.
d) for the same employer.
e) were relocated to East Asia and Mexico, where wages were lower and labour standards less strict.