Read and translate text 1.

The World Wide Web

 

(1)The World Wide Web, today (2)taken for granted, dates back only a little over 10 years, when a Briton, Tim Berners-Lee, developed a way for himself and colleagues at (3)the European Nuclear Research Centre (CERN) in Switzerland (4)to share information.

His work (5)evolved into (6)a world-wide facility on the Internet which (7)gives access to information on computers (8)run by organizations across the world, displayed as web “pages” on their web “sites”.

Part of the success of the Web is (9)down to the fact that it is easy to use.

Users have (10)a piece of software called a (11)Web browser: the main ones are Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, and Netscape. Here, users can type in a website address or (12)URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – that’s the bit that usually starts http: www.

The Internet is sometimes described as the world’s largest library, but (13)unlike a library it doesn’t have a central index. So if you don’t know the (14)precise web address you usually call up a program which (15)enablesyou to type in words (16)related to what you (17)are looking for, and the system suggests some (18)relevantwebsites.

Some of these (19)searching services, such as Yahoo, Excite and Alta Vista, also (20)offer e-mail, (21)chat facilities, shopping, and other services.

(22)Trawling the Internet looking at various sites is called (23)“surfing”, as in “surfing the net”.

Once in a website, a click of the mouse on highlighted words or pictures brings up more detailed information by providing links-known as “hypertext” links – to other web pages at the same site or even to different sites on other computers.

1) всесвітня комп’ютерна мережа; 2) приймати за належне; 3) Європейський центр ядерних досліджень; 4) ділитися /обмінюватися інформацією; 5) що розгортається у; 6) світове обладнання; 7. дають доступ до інформації; 8) всесвітній засіб; 9) що керується/управляється; 10) частина програмного забезпечення; 11) браузер (програма веб-перегляду, навігатор); 12) уніфікований /однорідний пристрій локалізації ресурсів; 13) на відміну від; 14) точний, правильний; 15) дає можливість; 16) зв’язані з (споріднені з); 17) шукати; 18) доречний; 19) пошукові послуги; 20) пропонують; 21) засоби/можливості обміну інформацією; 22) траління; 23. серфінг (використання).

Read and translate text 2.

How the Internet Works

The Internet is a (1)combinationof large and small (2)computer networks world-wide.The number of networks connected has grown from 350 just over 10 years ago to tens of thousands today.

The reason all this is possible is that the (3)entireworld has adopted a (4)common standard for computer communication on the Internet.

The agreementover this standard, called (5)TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol),means that any computer (6)attached to the Internet can (7)direct messages to any other and read messages from completely different types of computer. It even means messages can be sent to mobile telephones and other devices that can be held in the hand.

And the beauty of all this is that users on their PCs at home or at work do not have to worry about how their messages get sent: the system just works, in the same way that the telephone or television or television just works.

The Internet also (8)depends onthe support of local and national telecommunications companies, which (9)providethe international links. They, plus the (10)ISPS (International Standardized Profile System), (11)allow people to send e-mail across the world or to a friend down the road, or to access information held on a computer anywhere on earth, for no more that the cost of a local phone call. Typically, Internet service companies also (12)charge a fairly modest monthly (13)fee.

But neither these companies, nor any government or international agency owns the Internet. And it cannot be switched off. In the future, we will increasingly access the Internet through our televisions. In fact, the UK already leads the world in implementing interactive television with nearly 4 million households now thought to be accessing such services. Researchers believe that (14)surfingthe Internet (15)via interactive television will eventually replace the PC in our homes as the two (16)technologies converge.

1) комбінація; 2) всесвітні комп’ютерні мережі; 3) весь, цілий; 4) загальний стандарт; 5) протокол керування передаванням/міжмережевий протокол/ протокол TCP/IP; 6) підключений до; 7) надсилати повідомлення; 8) залежить від підтримки; 9) забезпечує міжнародні посилання; 10) система міжнародних функціональних стандартів; 11) дозволяти; 12) назначати, встановлювати; 13) платня; 14) використання; 15) через; 16) технології, що злилися в одну.