VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Passive.

1. Every finished garment ….(inspect) thoroughly by them.

2. The rooms …… already …..( furnish).

3. Some chemicals ……(invent) to improve laundering methods.

4. The design of this garment ….(create) recently.

5. The picture ……(paint) lately by Simon.

6. The fabric …..(select) by the product manager.

7. The patterns ….(draw) by pattern makers.

TOPIC: The Building Blocks of Clothes. The Importance of Colour.

I. Read and translate the following text:

Clothing lines, shapes, and spaces are the building blocks of clothing construction.

Every garment has an overall shape, or outline. Once this shape has been drawn, it consists of spaces, or inner areas that need to be designed. Both shapes and spaces in clothes are created largely through the use of lines. Since lines are used to construct spaces and shapes, they are important elements in clothing construction. Lines can be straight or curved. Straight lines come in three basic forms: vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines.

Vertical lines tend to make objects look taller than they are. They also note a sense of dignity. Horizontal lines make an object look wider than it is. They also add a sense of calm. Diagonal lines are less formal and sometimes appear to be whimsical. Curved lines are also considered less conservative than straight lines. People in business who are trying to create an air of authority in their dress may wear a shirt or blouse with straight lines or stripes, but they will rarely choose a shirt or blouse with rounded lines.

When lines are combined or connected, they form shapes, or outlines. Most clothes are of three basic shapes. They are either tubular, bell, or full.

Clothes that have a tubular shape have mostly vertical lines. Such shapes look longer. Tubular shapes usually do not have a sharply defined waist. Business suits with matching pants, vests and jackets have a tubular outline. So do chemise dresses and many other one-piece dresses. Bell shapes are created by connecting horizontal and vertical lines to achieve an effect that is neither horizontal nor vertical. Bell-bottom pants, flared pants and jackets and flared skirts are examples of bell-shaped clothes.

Generally, bell shapes are flattering to many body types and make the wearer look slimmer.

Clothes with full shapes are dominated by curved lines. The shape of the outline changes depending on how full or rounded the curves are. Full sleeves and tie blouses are often full shapes. Skirts or dresses that are gathered are full.

Structural lines are made by sewing together the parts of a garment. These lines are called seams. A garment can sometimes be cut in certain places to make a special seam that is purely an element of design. This seam is still considered a structural line.

Decorative lines are those that are added simply to create a design or look. They can be made by adding braids, trims, nonworking buttons or laces. Design lines include such details as the placement of buttons, top stitching, or the placement of a pocket.

All colours are beautiful. Colours can be combined in many varied and interesting ways. Various illusions can be created with colour. Warm colours, bright intensities, and light values reflect more light. This means they will also tend to make you look larger when you wear large amounts of colours such as red, yellow, vivid greens, and pastels.

Cool colours soft intensities and dark values absorb more light. Your body will look smaller in cool, soft or dark colours than in warm or bright ones. Blues and greens, as dull reds or dark shades of any colour, will make you look smaller than you are.

Sharply contrasting colours attract a lot of attention. They also shorten your appearance. A bright red skirt worn with a bright green shirt will make you look shorter you actually are. This is fine, if you are tall. But this may not suit you if you are short and would like to look a little taller than you are.

II. Answer the questions:

1. What are the building blocks of clothes?

2. How are shapes and spaces created?

3. What lines can one use in clothes constructing?

4. What is the difference between three kinds of straight lines?

5. What lines are more suitable for business people?

6. What shapes do you know?

7. What are your favorite colours?

8. How are colours divided?

9. What can colours create?

10. Will your body look smaller in warm colours?

 

III. Find the English equivalents for:

форма, лінія, внутрішній простір, прямий, дзвіночок, округлений, декоративний, теплий колір, яскравий.

 

IV. Give definitions to the words:

colour, line, shape, space, design, look.

V. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Лінії, форма та простір – є складовими деталями конструкції одягу.

2. Кольори можуть бути поєднані різноманітними цікавими способами.

3. Вертикальні лінії візуально подовжують предмет чи фігуру, а горизонтальні роблять предмет ширшим.

4. Існує три різновиду форм: трубчата, форми дзвіночка та пишна.

5. Структурні лінії також називають швами, і вони є елементами дизайну.

6. Декоративні лінії просто використовують для дизайну та оздоблення одягу.

7. Одяг контрастних кольорів привертає до себе увагу.

8. Декоративні та структурні лінії додають фігурі форми.