CALCULATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF RESEARCH WORK

 

To evaluate the efficacy studies used different criteria to characterize the degree of their effectiveness.

Fundamental studies are beginning to invest only after a considerable period which appears after the start of development. The results are usually widely used in various industries, sometimes in those where they were not expected.

Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to plan the results of such research.

Fundamental theoretical investigations are difficult to assess the quantitative performance criteria.

Usually, you can only set quality criteria: the possibility of widespread use of research results in various sectors of the national economy; novelty effects, giving great impetus to the principle of the most relevant research; significant contribution to the country's defense; priority of domestic science; industry, where applied research can be started; international recognition of work; fundamental monograph on the subject and citation of scientists of various countries [3, 4].

The effectiveness of applied research is much easier to evaluate. In this case, use a variety of quantitative criteria.

The effectiveness of any research can be judged only after their introduction when they begin to return to the national economy. Great importance is the time factor.

Therefore, the duration of the application development should be shorter as much as possible. The best option is when the duration of their development up to three years. For the majority of applied research the probability of obtaining the effect of the national economy now exceeds 80%.

How to evaluate the effectiveness of the research team (division, departments, laboratories and etc.) and a scientist?

The effectiveness of the researcher evaluated different criteria: Publication, economic, novelty designs, quoted work, etc..

Publication criteria characterize the overall activity - the total number of publications, the total amount of them in the printed sheets, the number of monographs, textbooks, teaching aids.

This criterion is not always objectively characterizes the effectiveness of a scientist.

There may be cases where fewer publications returns much more than from a larger number of small publications [4, 5].

Economic evaluation of the work an individual scientist is rarely used.

Most often as an economic criterion used indicator of productivity of scientific workers.

The criterion of novelty of research - is the number of patents.

Criterion quoting of a scientist is the number of links on its printing works.

This is a secondary criterion.

The effectiveness of the research team or organization evaluated by several criteria:

• Average annual output of research work,

• the number of embedded in

• cost-effectiveness of the implementation of research work,

• the overall economic effect,

• The number of received patents, the number of sold licenses or foreign currency proceeds.

There are three types of economic benefit:

• preliminary

• expected

• factual.

Preliminary economic benefit is established in justifying the theme of scientific research and its inclusion in the work plan.

Expect it to approximate; aggregated indicators, taking into account the projected scope of implementation of research results in a group of companies in the industry.

The expected economic effect is calculated during the execution of research work.

His probation include (forecast) for a certain period (year), the introduction of products in production.

Expected savings - more accurate economic criterion, compared with pre-savings, although in some cases it is also indicative figure, as the volume implementation can only identify approximately.

The expected effect is calculated not only for one year, but for a longer period (integral output). Roughly a period of 10 years from the beginning of the introduction of new materials and up to 5 years for construction, equipment, technological processes.

The actual economic impact is determined after the introduction of scientific developments in production, but not earlier than one year [5-7].

Calculation produce it at cost for research and implementation to the specific cost parameters of the industry (enterprise), where scientific developments are introduced. Actual savings are almost always somewhat lower than expected:

• determine the expected research work approximately (Sometimes overstated);

• the actual enterprise, which are being implemented.

The expected and actual cost-effectiveness is determined by the formula:

 

E = C_O2- C_O1,

 

Where are C_O2 and C_O1 - given the cost of the old, respectively (base case) and a new version (based on the results of research) per unit.

These costs are calculated using the formula:

 

C_O = C + E_nK,

 

Here, the C-unit cost, €; K - capital investment in the creation of scientific and technical progress, €; E_n - standard cost-effectiveness ratio (E_n = 0.15).

The most reliable criterion of economic efficiency of scientific research is the actual savings from the introduction.

 

MAKING CALCULATIONS

 

Calculation of the economic efficiency of the project must be designed to meet a number of requirements:

• It is necessary to give a brief description of the selected method of calculation.

• All raw data for the calculation presented in a table.

• All formulas must be numbered

• All of the above ways of improving management and production and economic activity should be accompanied by examples [10].

 

CONCLUSION

 

This assessment of the economic performance of each project or idea, proposed by science, is very important in the implementation of new scientific knowledge in the production. In modern conditions the problem of production realization of scientific ideas with the greatest economic effect of national economic and in the shortest possible time from the time of its occurrence is most relevant in the overall organization of the interaction of science and industry. The process of introduction of new technology is useful to consider how the transition to the practical application of fundamental knowledge and scientific achievements is the structure as well as internal and external relationships, polysyllabic phenomenon and associated with the solution of a broad range of problems, and not only scientific and technical, but and socio-economic and organizational nature.

Economic impact and cost-effectiveness of the cost of research on fundamental research work is generally not possible to calculate. In some cases, it may be given a high-quality of research work forecast of economic rationality, possible in the future.

 

 

REFERENCES

 

1. Financing innovation: the Manual / Under. Ed. Podshivalenko GP Demchinskii O-B. - M .: FA of the RF Government, 2003

2. Sabitova R.G. Basic research: Textbook: Textbook. Benefit / Chelyaba. state. Univ. Chelyabinsk 2002.

3. Andrianov V. Competitiveness of Russia in the world economy // World Economy and International Relations - 2009. №3.

4. Bobylov YA Russian science and industry tax policy // Finance - 2008. - №7.

5. Vodopiyanov L. Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Science on the road // World Economy and International Relations - 2000. -№10.

6. www.dissertant.uz

7. Finances: the Textbook / Under. Ed. Rodionova VM, M., Finance and Statistics 2010

8. Austrian Science Fund. (2007). Rethinking the impact of basic research on society and the economy. Vienna, Austria: Author.

9. LSE Public Policy Group. (2011) ‘Maximising the Impacts of Your Research: A Handbook for Social Scientists’.

10. Jones MM, Grant J. Dean, et al. ‘Methodologies for Assessing and Evidencing Research Impact. RAND Europe’, 7 Essays on Impact , 2013 DESCRIBE Project Report for JISC. University of Exeter.

 

 

ANNEX