ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ. НАРЕЧИЕ
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
УО «Белорусский государственный экономический университет»
Т.В.Тарасевич
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Практикум по грамматике английского языка
для студентов экономических специальностей
высших учебных заведений
Минск
БГЭУ
2008
Рецензент: кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры теории и практики английской речи Т.Ф. Солонович
Рекомендовано кафедрой теории и практики английской речи БГЭУ
Тарасевич, Т.В.
English Grammar: Практикум по грамматике английского языка для студентов экономических специальностей вузов / Т.В. Тарасевич. – Минск: БГЭУ, 2008. – 51 c.
Данный практикум содержит комплекс упражнений, построенных на экономической и деловой лексике и охватывающих основные грамматические явления, изучаемые в соответствии с рекомендациями типовой программы по иностранным языкам для неязыковых вузов.
Предназначен для студентов экономических специальностей вузов, а также для широкого круга лиц, использующих английский язык в своей практической деятельности в сфере экономики и бизнеса и желающих повторить основные разделы грамматики.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ. 4
1. ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ. 5
2. АРТИКЛИ.. 7
3. МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ.. 10
4. ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ. НАРЕЧИЕ. 14
5. ВИДО-ВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА.. 17
ФОРМЫ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ.. 17
ФОРМЫ ПРОШЕДШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ.. 20
ФОРМЫ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ.. 23
ОБОБЩЕНИЕ. 27
6. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ. 29
7. СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЁН. КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ. 33
8. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ. 35
9. НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА.. 39
ИНФИНИТИВ.. 39
ПРИЧАСТИЕ. 41
ГЕРУНДИЙ.. 43
ОБОБЩЕНИЕ. 45
10. МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ.. 47
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Практикум направлен преимущественно на тренировку грамматических и лексико-грамматических явлений, отобранных в соответствии с типовой программой по иностранным языкам для неязыковых вузов. По своей структуре представляет собой сборник упражнений, организованных по тематическому принципу: имя существительное, артикль, местоимение, имя прилагательное и наречие, видо-временные формы глагола в действительном и страдательном залоге, согласование времён и косвенная речь, сослагательное наклонение, неличные формы глагола, модальные глаголы. В каждом разделе упражнения расположены по мере возрастания сложности, поэтому они могут использоваться студентами с различным уровнем языковой подготовки.
ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Fortunately the news (wasn’t / weren’t) as bad as we expected.
2. They say that money (is / are) the soul of business.
3. Please, bring us two (tea / teas) and a coffee.
4. Two (is / are) the company, but three (is / are) a crowd.
5. Economics (is / are) my favourite subject.
6. It’s very difficult to find a (work / job)ü at the moment.
7. My luggage (was / were) lost by the airline.
8. There (is / are) gentlemen waiting for you in reception.
9. Do you think people (is / are) satisfied with the government?
10. Three days (isn’t / aren’t) long enough for a good holiday.
11. The personnel (is / are) very happy with the new premises.
12. Where (is /are) the goods that we ordered the day before yesterday?
13. The rich usually (pay / pays) more taxes.
14. The committee usually (raise / raises) their hands to vote “Yes”.
15. I have to pay my rent out of my (wage / wages).
16. The police (want / wants) to interview two men about the robbery last week.
17. Positive feedback is necessary so that staff (know / knows) that their job is highly appreciated.
18. It was always the brightest students who (were / was) asked to answer the questions.
19. One of the most serious problems that some workers have (is / are) lack of motivation.
20. Our new consultant was very helpful. He gave us some very useful (advice / advices).
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. One of the … main goals is to decrease operating costs by 5%.
a. company’s b. company c. companies’
2. He needed money, but had no idea how to earn … .
a. them b. it c. its
3. Managers should strive for … communication with their subordinates.
a. two way b. two ways c. two-way
4. Headquarters of many international organizations … visited by our team last year.
a. were b. was c. are
5. The Personnel Manager is to check each … qualifications and references before the job interview.
a. applicant’s b. applicants’ c. applicant
6. The statistics in the report on socio-economic development of the region … erroneous.
a. are b. is c. was
7. Belarus and Russia … signed a … trade agreement.
a. have; five-years’ b. has; five year c. have; five-year
8. A chemical works of this region … dangerous for the environment.
a. are b. has c. is
9. It’s not fair to make a profit out of … work.
a. anybody’s else’s b. anybody else’s c. anybody’s else
10. Many people are registered to vote in … election.
a. next’s month’s b. next month’s c. next months’
III. Расставьте апострофы там, где это необходимо:
1. My bosss PA reads all the customers letters.
2. An accountants salary leaves much to be desired.
3. It is important to recognise that every company has its own particular culture.
4. Kathys friends name is Joel. He is one of Merrill Lynchs top analysts.
5. Look at those two Mercedes. One is our directors and the other is a visitors.
6. Mrs. Luis should know that it is Mr. Clarks decision, not hers.
7. My son-in-laws office is on the fifth floor.
8. The manager wants me to buy a yesterdays newspaper at the booksellers.
9. Toyotas deal on its company cars is better than ours.
10. The sales manager has computerized all his clients records.
АРТИКЛИ
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Our office is in (a / the) centre of (a / the) city.
2. Sorry! I’ve got (a / the) wrong number.
3. It costs (a / -) thousand euros.
4. I’ve run out of (- / the) money.
5. I can give you (a / the) lift to the station.
6. (- / The) Government resigned last week.
7. It was rather (a / the) delicate question. I didn’t dare to ask it.
8. The President will arrive in (a / -) couple of minutes.
9. Do you accept (- / the) credit cards?
10. There are six points on (- / the) agenda.
11. (A / The) businessman will catch at any chance of making (a / the) profit.
12. You must speak to (a / the) Managing Director about it.
13. I thought she got another job. But she said she worked for (a / the) same company.
14. I met him at (- / the) Grand Hotel.
15. The longest river in the United States is (- / the) Mississippi.
16. He works somewhere in (- / the) Southern Africa.
17. He made money working at (a / the) Stock Exchange.
18. (A / The) Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow.
19. In (a / the) North of Britain there are higher lands and mountains.
20. (- / The) Pennines is a chain of mountains which is known as the backbone of England.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Where’s (a / the) fax the suppliers sent this morning? I can’t find it.
2. (A / The) presentation was (a / the) great success.
3. We must arrive at (a / the) decision as soon as possible.
4. I have (an / the) appointment at (a / the) bank.
5. (An / the) accountant’s job is to check (a / -) company’s financial affairs.
6. (The / -) money makes (the / a) world go round.
7. Employing and coaching (- / the) new staff is rather costly, so you must pick up (a / the) right candidate.
8. I’d like to clear out (a / -) few items in (a / the) contract.
9. In (the / -) near future videoconferences will replace many meetings.
10. Roger works as (an / the) accountant in (an / the) insurance agency in Brighton.
11. There was (an / the) interesting article about our competitors in (a / the) local newspaper.
12. They wouldn’t pay their debt, so we took them to (the / -) court.
13. We produce (a / -) detailed sales report three times (a / the) year.
14. Where’s (a / the) money? I left it on (a / the) table over there.
15. (The / An) unemployed get (an / the) unemployment benefit from (a / the) state.
16. (The / -) Hermitage is one of (a / the) richest art museums in (a / the) world.
17. Is there (a / the) bank near here? – Yes. There’s one next to (a / the) supermarket round (a / the) corner.
18. (The / -) Government should do more to help (the poor / the poor people).
19. “(The / -) Independent” is one of (the / -) UK’s most popular newspapers.
20. I left (the / -) school at 17, went to (the / -) Belarusian State Economic University and got (a / the) degree in (- / the) economics. – What did you say (a / the) name of (a / the) university was?
III. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо:
1. He is having … financial difficulties now.
2. I’ll send you … email. It’s best not to talk about such things on … phone.
3. … combination of … four P’s determines … marketing mix.
4. Every morning I had to sort out … mail and distribute … faxes, before I could have … cup of coffee.
5. George has … part-time job. He works three mornings … week.
6. He has just given me … very helpful advice.
7. I’ve invited five people to … business lunch. Out of … five people, only Mr. Lee and Ms Kerry could come, … others couldn’t.
8. The quality controllers are responsible for seeing that … finished goods are properly made.
9. What do you think of … discussion that followed … meeting?
10. … economic theories simplify … reality to let … people understand … basic economic principles.
11. … English of America differs from … English of Great Britain.
12. … scarcity is … imbalance between our desires and … means of satisfying them.
13. … unemployment is very high at the moment and it’s very difficult for … people to find … work.
14. John works for … IBM now. He used to work for … British Telecom at … start of his career.
15. Lots of people are without … jobs in … city, so … government has decided to give … unemployed … special benefits.
16. We landed at … Charles de Gaulle airport in … Paris and were met by … ambassador in … person.
17. You must contact … manager and tell him about … telegram. It is … urgent telegram.
18. You’ll find … information you need at … top of … page 15. For … further information phone … number below.
19. … cost of … living in … Sweden is higher than in … other countries of … Europe.
20. … recent survey showed that … Portuguese are very good negotiators, … French admire hard work, … Germans are competitive and ambitious, and … British prefer to work in the security of a group.
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу личными, притяжательными или возвратными местоимениями:
1. Doctors advise us that we have to exercise regularly in order to keep … healthy.
2. Goods get into the hands of those who really want … .
3. It was rather useful to exchange views; for us to hear theirs and for … to hear … .
4. Just between you and …, I think Mr. Wilson is going to lose … job.
5. Microeconomics studies the economy from the perspective of … individual participants.
6. Mr. Lewis has only … to blame for the mistake he made.
7. My boss congratulated … heartily on … promotion.
8. Scarcity is the imbalance between … desires and the means of satisfying … .
9. We need employees who are willing to exercise … own initiative.
10. Will you give … best regards to Mr. Bradley and tell … I hope to see … next month?
II. Заполните пропуски местоимениями some / any / no или их производными:
1. … theory is a simplification of actual relationships.
2. Do you have … else to ask me while I’m here?
3. … analysts are saying that the crisis will continue for … time.
4. I am enclosing … information about our new range of products.
5. … has … against your suggestion.
6. We’ve had … complaints about our services.
7. … has ever had any trouble with this equipment.
8. I have absolutely … idea what he wants.
9. There was hardly … in the office when I arrived.
10. … manager will tell you that good organization is important.
11. Unfortunately, we haven’t got … components in stock.
12. We advise you that … items were supplied in increased quantities.
13. I think there is … point in wasting … more time on this issue.
14. When scarcity exists we must sacrifice … of value to obtain any scarce goods or services.
15. Where can I find a good job with plenty of money and no work? – … .
III. Заполните пропуски местоимениями many / much / a lot of / little / few / a little / a few:
1. His work is well-paid but doesn’t give him … satisfaction.
2. … decisions are made without … thought.
3. I’ve had very … success with my job applications.
4. The size of the deficit was … surprising.
5. As she has very … colleagues she works mostly on her own.
6. He worked hard but achieved … .
7. His deputy has very … initiative and always waits to be told what to do.
8. I’ve got … minutes to spare so we can continue our talk.
9. Miss Maple’s work leaves … room for improvement.
10. Only … people knew it was our boss’s anniversary.
11. The salary is negotiable, so how … do you think I should ask for?
12. There are only … companies operating in our market niche.
13. We stock … spare parts in the warehouse.
14. You’ll have to work at this project as … as possible.
15. There was … disagreement over the proposal.
IV. Заполните пропуски местоимениями both / either / neither / none:
1. … of his opponents spoke at the Board meeting yesterday.
2. He’s studying … economics and management at university.
3. They put forward various proposals but … of them was accepted.
4. It is regrettable that … of the two candidates really impressed the Personnel Manager.
5. … of my assistants knew how to fulfil the task.
6. Miss Barrows received two job offers; … of which she accepted.
7. They arrived at the solution that was to the mutual satisfaction of … sides.
8. Mr. Kirsten is engaged in several business ventures. … of them is profitable.
9. The company paid … of its invoices.
10. Which of these samples would you prefer? – … will do.
V. Заполните пропуски местоимениями each / every / everything / everybody / all / whole:
1. The Belarusian State Economic University is provided with … modern facilities.
2. … formal meetings are a waste of time in his opinion.
3. The accountant keeps a record of … financial transaction.
4. … item of the agenda needs to be carefully discussed.
5. As soon as … arrived, the chairman began the meeting.
6. … of the senior directors will give a short presentation.
7. The productive potential for an economy can’t be used to do … for … .
8. … offer must be submitted together with … the supporting documentation.
9. The members of the conference were … given copies of the regulations.
10. … one of the participants has now given me their replies.
11. I accept … that was said in the meeting.
12. … that he said was not to worry.
13. Check the delivery note and see that you’ve got … .
14. … time we make a choice we forgo an opportunity.
15. They spent the … day packing for their business trip.
VI. Заполните пропуски местоимениями another / other / others / the other / the others:
1. … large item of expenditure in this country is education.
2. Some people are lazy, … are energetic. Most people are a mixture of both.
3. In … four years Bob will have qualified as an accountant.
4. Mr. Danny and Mr. Fee welcomed each … heartily.
5. Nissan, Toyota and … Japanese car manufacturers may be forced to lower their prices.
6. Only six of my colleagues turned up at the farewell party. All … guests had to go somewhere else.
7. Some of my assistants were preparing the report, while … were dealing with the mail.
8. The bank manager has agreed to lend me … $2,000.
9. There has been … directive from the head office about absenteeism.
10. We have considered some … locations and none is really suitable.
VII. Выберите правильный вариант:
1. The office is empty. There’s (nobody / anybody) here except me.
2. (Each / Every) candidate will be interviewed individually.
3. Could you help me to sort out these letters? I cannot tell which are (your / yours) and which are (our / ours).
4. Everyone (has / have) to meet in the lobby at nine o’clock to collect (his / their) conference registration forms.
5. We sent sales letters to all our customers, but (neither / none) replied!
6. He had only (a few / few) problems in his exam even though he had done only (little / a little) work for it.
7. I can’t see (no / any) solution to the problem, I’m afraid.
8. (Each / Every) manager and (all / whole) their deputies will be invited to submit suggestions for the new product line.
9. In view of (all / everything) this, we must delay a final decision.
10. No one (like / likes) to discover hidden costs, (does he / do they)?
11. We think that (many / much) of the candidates had not really read the job requirements.
12. You’d better read through the (all / whole) contract before signing it.
13. (No one / Someone) likes to bear the responsibility for crucial decisions.
14. OK, I think that covers (all / everything) on that point. Shall we move on?
15. So (these / that) are our objectives and (that / they) concludes my short talk.
16. The figures in this spreadsheet don’t correspond to the ones on the invoices. We have to check (everyone / every one).
17. Not (a lot / many) people voted for him; he is not popular.
18. The flight and hotel are booked. (All / Everything) is organised.
19. I (felt / felt myself) quite nervous at the beginning of the presentation, but after (a few / few) minutes I (relaxed / relaxed myself).
20. The key account managers (each / every) have their own list of clients.
21. I see that (all / everybody) has a copy of the agenda, so let’s begin the meeting.
22. There are (few / little) companies functioning in our market niche and even (fewer / less) which we consider our real rivals.
23. We have considered (all / whole) the options and (none / neither) is really suitable.
24. (Each / Every) of the candidates was given a questionnaire before the interview.
25. We have to pay our telephone bill (each / every) three months.
26. I’m sorry, but the personnel manager is busy. Would you mind waiting for (him / his)?
27. We’re not close to our destination yet – we have (another / other) six miles to go.
28. Will you cancel (all / whole) my engagements for the rest of the week, please?
29. Your two colleagues introduced (themselves / each other) to me yesterday. First I met Mr. Black, and then I met Mr. Smith.
30. (Each our customers / Our customers each) have a separate file on the database.
ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ. НАРЕЧИЕ
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. I hope the project continues to run as (more smoothly / smoothly) as it has so far.
2. Investors are becoming (more and more / most and most) sophisticated.
3. Mr. Smith refused to accept the proposal of Mr. Jones, and the (latter / later) had to apply to court.
4. They realized their plan without (farther / further) difficulties.
5. This year our sales figure are (worse / worst) than last year.
6. Please, send me your (last / latest) catalogue and price list.
7. Putting the (most good / best) applicants for the job on a short list enables us to select the (most suitable / more suitable) candidate.
8. She earns twice (as much as / more than) me although she’s only half (as well-qualified / better qualified).
9. If any company can provide (more attractive / most attractive) terms, we will match them on the spot.
10. The guarantee is a year (longer than / longest that) with our (older / elder) models.
11. The Belarusian State Economic University is by far (the most prestigious / more prestigious) university training economists in Belarus.
12. The new Personnel Director set about creating a (better / best) atmosphere amongst the employees.
13. (The bigger / The biggest) the company and (the larger / the largest) its costs, (the greater / the greatest) the opportunity to see tremendous efficiencies.
14. The production of hi-tech instruments is one of (the most rapidly / more rapidly) growing industries nowadays.
15. Foreign exchange markets are far (more volatile / most volatile) and unpredictable thancommodities markets.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The plane arrived (lately / late) so I missed the start of the meeting.
2. (So / Such) accommodation as she could find was far (more expensive / more expensively) than she could afford.
3. For long-standing customers we have a concessive rate of discount which is much (higher / more highly) than the normal rate.
4. The position of legal adviser is (currently / current) vacant.
5. He’s a (high / highly) qualified specialist like most of our employees.
6. Our new Project Manager is (deep / deeply) involved in his job.
7. The rise in the cost of living bears (hard / hardly) on old people living on fixed incomes.
8. Our share prices are slightly (more lowly / lower) than our competitors’.
9. Overtime bonus is a payment made to an employee when they work (more longly / longer) than regular working hours.
10. She invested (most / mostly) of her money in shares.
11. The skilled workers in the Production Department are (good / well) paid.
12. This is our (fastest ü/ most fastly) selling product.
13. We got this catalogue (free / freely) at the exhibition.
14. When running business correspondence, make sure the envelope is (correctly / correct) addressed.
15. (Hard / Hardly) had we finished negotiating the terms of the contract when the CEO arrived.