IV. Match (21-30) with their definitions (A-L). There are two definitions that you do not need to use.

21. support A. an aptitude that may be developed
22. a capability B. to give back an image or likeness of; to mirror
23. to process C. an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
24. a concept D. a group of genetically related things constituting a single step in the line of descent
25. to remain E. involving the entire earth
26. to replace F. the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities
27. a generation G. to put in the place of another
28. a database H. to perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) to obtain the required information
29. worldwide I. the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order
30. desktop J. an organized body of related information
    K. to stay the same
    L. designed for use on a desk or table

Supplementary Tasks :

I. For statements (1-10) choose the best alternative (A, B or C) to replace the expressions in italics:

1.… design, development, implementation, support or management … (line 1)

A. accomplishment B. operation C. action

2.… input, process, store, output, transmit, and receive data … (line 3)

A. transceive B. transactC. transfer

3.… can be traced to the World War II alliance … (line 6)

A. tracked B. parriedC. retracted

4.… to replace manpower with machine power … (line 9)

A. work force B. humanityC. mankind

5.Each generation reflected a change … (line 11)

A. distorted B. showedC. deflected

6.Advances in artificial intelligence … (line 15)

A.DecreasesB. ImprovementsC. Reductions

7.… manipulate large amounts of information … (line 19)

A. reset B. assibilateC. handle

8.… for predicting worldwide weather patterns … (line 20)

A. electing B. forecastingC. maintaining

9.… market for microcomputers increased dramatically … (line 23)

A. considerably B. disappointinglyC. frustratingly

10.… include desktop, network, laptop, and handheld … (line 30)

A. handmade B. portableC. cumbersome

II. Determine the key message of the text. Choose the best alternative (A, B, C, D or E):

A.The military and industry developed electronics, computers and information theory.

B.There are four generations of computers.

C.IT is the development of computer-based information systems.

D.Information systems have distinct software features.

E.The evolution of IT resulted in emergence of various software and hardware.

TEXT 10

THE INTERNET

                          (1) The Internet, known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969 under a contract let by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency which initially connected four major computers at universities in the south-western US. The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. If the most direct route was not available, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes. (2) The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it had to learn to use a very complex system. In 1989 a significant event took place in making the nets easier to use. Tim Berners-Lee proposed a new protocol for information distribution. This protocol, which became the World Wide Web in 1991, was based on hypertext – a system of embedding links in text to link to other text. (3) Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 90's, when independent commercial networks began to grow. (4) A current trend with major implications for the future is the growth of high speed connections. 56K modems and the providers who supported them spread widely for a while. 56K is not fast enough to carry multimedia, such as sound and video except in low quality. But new technologies many times faster, such as cable modems and digital subscriber lines are predominant now. Wireless connection has grown rapidly in the past few years, and travellers search for the Wi-Fi "hot spots" where they can connect while they are away from the home or office. Many airports, coffee bars, hotels and motels now routinely provide these services, some for a fee and some for free. (5) Another trend that is rapidly affecting web designers is the growth of smaller devices to connect to the Internet. Small tablets, pocket PCs, smart phones, eBooks, game machines, and even GPS devices are now capable of tapping into the web on the go, and many web pages are not designed to work on that scale. As the Internet has become ubiquitous, faster, and increasingly accessible to non-technical communities, social networking and collaborative services have grown rapidly, enabling people to communicate and share interests in many more ways.