Find the English equivalent for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations
1. Хімічна речовина:
| a) chemical substance | b) chemical suppository | c) chemical solution |
| 2. Джерело: | ||
| a) origin | b) effect | c) nature |
| 3. Отримувати: | ||
| a) to retain | b) to sustain | c) to obtain |
| 4. Поглинання: | ||
| a) contribution | b) absorption | c) contraindication |
| 5. Взаємодія: | ||
| a) antidote | c) subdivision | b) interaction |
| 6. Шкідливий: | ||
| a) destroying | b) harmful | c) harmless |
| 7. Небажаний: | ||
| a) undone | b) undesirable | c) intolerable |
| 8. Розлад: | ||
| a) disorder | b) dyscrasia | c) effort |
| 9. Жовтяниця: | ||
| a) collagen disorder | b) jaundice | c) obstruction |
| 10. Приписувати: | ||
| a) to prescribe | b) to produce | c) to provide |
2. Match the synonyms.
| 1. to obtain | a. to occupy |
| 2. to contain | b. elimination |
| 3. to store | c. to keep |
| 4. effect | d. to comprise |
| 5. to involve | e. to get, gain |
| 6. removal | f. damaging |
| 7. to include | g. action |
| 8. harmful | h. to enclose |
| 9. to require | i. to counteract |
| 10. to neutralize | j. to need |
3. Find the most general word in each row.
1. antibiotics, penicillin, drugs, vitamins;
2. roots, fruit, leave, plants;
3. chemotherapy, pharmacology, toxicology;
4. DNA, organelle, RNA, mitochondria;
5. parasite, plant, organism, animal.
4. Match the words with their definitions.
| 1. drug | a. a protein enhancing chemicals |
| 2. glands | b. a substance having an opposite effect |
| 3. root | c. a drug against microorganisms |
| 4. antidote | d. the endocrine organs |
| 5. antibiotic | e. a plant organ |
| 6. DNA | f. medicine |
| 7. enzyme | g. a substance containing all the genetic information |
Complete the sentences.
1. The drugs obtained from plant parts are ... .
2. The drugs obtained from animals are ... .
3. Chemically synthesized drugs are ... .
4. Pharmacology studies ....
5. The interaction of drugs and cells is studied ....
6. Chemotherapy includes ....
7. Toxicology is ... .
8. Pharmacogenetics deals with ....
Answer the questions.
1. What are drugs?
2. How can drugs be obtained?
3. What are drugs synthesized from?
4. What does pharmacology study?
5. What are the branches of pharmacology?
6. What is molecular pharmacology concerned with?
7. When is chemotherapy indicated?
8. Why is it necessary to hold investigations on antidotes?
9. Which drugs are safer: natural or chemically synthesized?
10. What does medical pharmacology study?
Correct the wrong statements.
1. Drugs are nuclear substances used in medicine in the treatment of diseases.
2. The field of medicine which studies drugs, their nature, origin, and effect in the body is called pharmocodynamics.
3. Scientists interested in pharmacodymanics study drug toxicity.
4. Chemotherapy includes treatment of mental disorders only.
5. Toxicological studies in animals are prohibited by law.
6. Disorders directly resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic efforts of a physician are known as humanistic.
7. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia are common contraindications to the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer.
8. Among the most dangerous toxic complications of drug usage are AIDS and cardiovascular diseases.
IV.Speaking
1. Make up dialogues using the following questions.
a)
— What does the profession of a pharmacist deal with?
— Is this profession well-paid?
— Is it dangerous?
— Does a person need to be skillful for this profession?
b)
— Is chemotherapy necessary for the treatment of cancer?
— Is it painful and dangerous?
— Can you avoid the treatment?
— Should you use all the dangerous drugs to help the state?
— Is the outcome always lethal?
c)
— What will you prescribe to a person with poisoning?
— And what would you do to help a person who has swallowed poison?
— What can you do if you don't know the antidote?
Discuss the following problems.
1. Natural and synthesized drugs: which are safer?
2. The poisonous effects of some drugs: when can a doctor prescribe such drugs?
3. The chemical essence of drug action: the main mechanisms.
4. Can people live without drugs?
The main types of drugs, their classification by
Form, by way of action by major characteristics.
Основні типи ліків, їх класифікація за формою, за с
пособом дії, за основними характеристиками.
I. Vocabulary.
mold (mould) - плісень, пліснява; пліснявіти;
generic name - офіціальна (фармакопійна назва);
brand name- торговельна назва;
competitor - суперник, конкурент;
to capitalize - друкувати, писати великими буквами;
to conform - погоджувати, узгоджувати;
to enforce - примушувати, змушувати;
nausea - нудота, огида;
vomit(ing) – блювота;
overdose – передозування;
to alleviate - полегшити, зменшити біль;
ratio - співвідношення, пропорція;
to speed – прискорювати;
duration – тривалість;
interfere - шкодити, вадити;
expulsion - вилучення, виводження.
II. Прочитайте та перекладіть на українську мову назви лікарських засобів та слова греко-латинського походження, що зустрічаються в текстах уроку. Зверніть увагу на особливості їх вимови англійською мовою:
Penicillin, streptomycin, methtrexate, prednisone, ampi-cilline, Amcili capsules, Omnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin, Principer/N, medicine, chemical, substance, digitalis, antibiotics, hormones, secretion, synthesize, laboratory, cancer, vitamin, formular, superscript, prescription, physician, pharmacist, substitute, practice, capitalize, letter, pharmacologis-t, committee, pharmacopeia, standard, clinical, formulary.
III. Supplement
Text A
1. Read, translate and discuss the following text. Be ready to speak about the effectiveness and medicinal uses of licorice.
DRUGS: OBTAINING, NAMES AND STANDARDS
Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the cure, treatment, or prevention of disease in man and animals. In addition drugs alleviate suffering and pain. They affect living protoplasm and do not act as a food. These chemical substances can come from many different sources. Drugs are obtained from various parts of plants, such as the roots, leaves and fruit. Examples of such tlrugs are digitalis (from the foxglove plant), and antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin (from plants called molds).
Drugs can also be obtained from animals; for example, hormones and secretions from glands of animals. Drugs can be made from chemical substances which are synthesized in the laboratory. Anti-cancer drugs, such as methtrexate and prednisone are examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. Some drugs are contained in food substances; these drugs are called vitamins.
A drug can have three different names. The chemical name is the chemical formular for the drug. This name is often long and complicated. The generic or official name is a shorter, less complicated name which is recognized as identifying the drug for legal and scientific purpose. The generic name is public property and any drug manufacture may use it. There is only one generic name for each drug.
The brand name or trade name is the private property of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor may use it. Brand names often have the superscript after or before the name. Most drugs have several brand names because each manufacturer producing the drug gives it a different name. When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription by a physician, it must be dispensed by the pharmacist; no other brand name may be substituted. It is common practice to capitalize the first letter of a brand name.
The following list gives the chemical, generic, and brand names of the well-known antibiotic drug ampicillin. Note that the drug can have several brand names, but only one generic, or official name.