Сравнительные степени прилагательных Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Большинство прилагательных имеют сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения. Как правило, односложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень с помощью суффикса -ег, а превосходную — с помощью суффикса -est. Например:
warm — warmer — warmest
Многосложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень с помощью слова more, а превосходную — с помощью слова most. Например:
serious — more serious — most serious
Некоторые прилагательные образуют степени сравнения не по правилам. Например:
Good — better — best little — less — least
Bad — worse — worst much — more — most
4. Write as in the examples:
| • Example | short short — shorter — shortest |
| long | |
| cheap | |
| strange | |
| near | |
| poor |
| • Example | popular popular—more popular—most popular |
| practical | beneficial |
| expensive | sophisticated |
| curious |
| • Example | short reply a shorter reply the shorter reply shorter replies the shortest reply |
| long story | |
| big city | |
| large university | |
| high chaige |
| • Example | important event a more important event the more important event more important events the most important event |
| curious custom | |
| sophisticated device | |
| expensive tour | |
| difficult language | |
| marketable goods | |
| mteiesting piogiamme |
6. Find English equivalents in the text:
Английские газеты можно разделить на две группы.
Эти две группы можно легко отличить друг от друга
Английские газеты часто ассоциируют с Флит стрит
Радио Англии контролирует Би-Би-Си.
7. Translate as in the example:
| • Example | a paper delivered to their home газета, доставляемая на дом |
| Fleet Street located in Westminstel City | |
| the private companies controlled by the 1BA | |
| the talks resumed after lunch | |
| the point mentioned in the letter | |
| the goods shipped | |
| the letters of credit opened with the bank | |
| all the problems settled | |
| the news broadcast over the radio | |
| the news televised |
8. Complete as much as you remember:
• The British are a nation...
Many of them have ... delivered.
British newspapers can be divided...
Quality newspapers .. while popular newspapers
These two groups... distmgished... British newspapers are often associated...
Fleet Stieet was the home...
But not long ago. . Docklands
Only... Fleet Street.
However... to mean 'the press'.
• Watching .. pastimes
Broadcasting... the ВВС and... the IBA
The ВВС receives... but... advertising .
The ВВС... channels.
• National radio is controlled... and... four...
There are many local... private... theВВС.
Their programmes consist...
9. Translate into Russian the sentence starting with:
'The IBA is rlesponsible....'.
Role play
Imagine you are speaking with an English businessman. Ask him a few questions about:
• English newspapers
• English radio
• English television programmes
Tell him what television programmes you like.
Unit forty eight
Financial news
Text
Here is an item on financial news published by The Financial Times which some participant read:
DOLLAR AND POUND RISE
The dollar and the pound resumed their advances of 1996 against the yen and the D-Mark yesterday.
The US currency was helped chiefly by the US stock and bond markets, which rebounded from Thursday's falls.
The dollar was also boosted by US construction spending for November, which rose where a fall had been forecast. The figures added to the evidence of recent weeks that the American economy has resumed stronger growth. "The US deceleration is probably coming to an end", said Mr. Peter von Maydell, senior currency economist at UBS in London.
The dollar gained 1,5 pfennigs against the D-Mark and YO.5 against the yen to close in London at D.M. 1.557 and Y11.2. But the Tokyo market remained closed for the National Holiday.
Sterling rebounded 2.8 pfennigs against the D-Mark after losing 3 pfennigs on Thursday. With trading thin, dealers say that one sale of GBP 50m worth of D-Marks sent sterling about a pfennig higher.
The pound closed in London at DM2.635 to the German currency and USD 1.692 to the dollar. It gained on strong consumer credit data and on rising oil prices
Sterling has been the strongest major currency over the Holiday period appreciating almost 2 per cent.
Words and expressions
| item | короткая статья (в газете) | |
| to publish | опубликовать | |
| to read (read, read) | читать | |
| to rise (rose, risen) | поднимать (ся) | |
| advance | (фин ) повышение | |
| yen (=y) | йена | |
| chiefly | ['¶Öfl] | главным образом |
| bond | облигация | |
| stock and bond market | рынок ценных бумаг и облигации | |
| to rebound | вернуться на прежние позиции | |
| fall | падение | |
| to boost | ускорить | |
| to forecast (forecast, | предсказывать | |
| forecast) | ||
| figure | ['fIg@] | цифра |
| evidence | данные | |
| deceleration | замедление | |
| UBS = United Bank of Switzerland | Объединенный банк Швейцарии | |
| to gain | повышаться | |
| pfennig | пфениг | |
| to close | курс валюты в конце рабочего дня биржи | |
| trading | торги, операции с ценными бумагами и другими финансовыми инструментами | |
| thin | вялый, неактивный | |
| with trading thin | поскольку торги идут вяло | |
| dealer | биржевой маклер | |
| GBP = Great Britain Pound | английский фунт стерлингов | |
| worth | стоящий | |
| spot | слот условия сделки, означающие расчет на второй рабочий день после ее заключения | |
| to appreciate | [@'prISIeIt] | повышаться (о курсе валюты) |
Exercises
1. Match English and Russian equivalents:
| against the yen | повысить, вырасти | |
| to come to an end | против (по сравнению с) | |
| to gain | иеной | |
| with trading thin | поскольку операции с бумагами идут неактивно | |
| GBP 50m worth of D-Marks | подойти к концу | |
| немецкие марки на сумму 50 | ||
| to close at D. M. 1.557 | млн. фунтов стерлингов | |
| Рынок закрылся на период | ||
| праздничных дней. | ||
| The market closed for the | Курс марки на момент за | |
| holiday | крытия биржи составил 1.557 | |
| The dollar resumed its ad | Курс доллара стал расти | |
| vances | благодаря ... | |
| The dollar was boosted by. . | Курс доллара снова стал рас | |
| ти. | ||
| The sterling rebounded. | Курс фунта вырос. | |
| It sent sterling higher. | Активность рынка ценных | |
| бумаг и облигаций снова | ||
| возросла. | ||
| The stock and bond markets | Благодаря этому курс фунта | |
| rebounded. | вырос. | |
| It rose where a fall had been | Он возрос, хотя предсказали | |
| forecast. | его падение. | |
| The figures added to the evi | Положение экономики США | |
| dence of recent weeks. | снова стало улучшаться. | |
| The American economy has lesumed stronger growth | Эти цифры говорили о том же, что и данные последних недель. |
2. Find the sentences in the text with the following words:
| • to rise to gain to resume its dvances to rebound from falls to be boosted | • to send the pound higher fall to lose deceleration |
3. Insert articles:
Here is... item on financial news published by.. Financial Times.
dollar and.. pound resumed their advances.
US currency was helped chiefly by... US stock and bond markets
... dollar was also boosted by US construction spending for November
... dollar rose where... fall had been forecast
The figures also say that... American economy has resumed stronger growth.
4. Read as in the examples:
| • Example | November 18, 1996 the eighteenth of November nineteen ninety six |
| May 1, 1997 April 1,1999 | |
| December 25, 1998 July 4, 1996 |
| • Example | 2% two per cent |
| 3% | 7% | 10% | 75% | 100% |
| • Example | 1.692 one point six nine two |
| 1.557 | 1.5 |
| 1.6870 | 2.8 |
| 1.6860 | 3.3 |
| 1.6798 | 9.5 |
| • Example | 0.5 о point five |
| 0.8 | 0.4. | 0.7 |
| • Example | one sale of 50 million English pounds sterling worth of Deutsch Marks |
5. Insert prepositions:
The dollar gained 1.5 pfennigs... the D-Mark... and Y 0.5... the yen.
But the Tokyo market remained closed... the national holiday.
Sterling rebounded 2.8 pfennigs... the D-Mark after losing 3 pfennigs. . Thursday.
The pound closed. London... DM 2.635 .. the German currency. It gained... strong consumer credit data.
6. Make sentences:
| the news | ||
| • this is | the item | |
| these are | the facts | published by |
| the information | the Financial Times | |
| the figures | (FT) |
| • the pound | the USA | |
| the yen | is the currency unit of | Germany |
| the dollar | Great Britain | |
| the D-Mark | Japan | |
| the franc | Italy | |
| the lira | France |
7. Give full words for the following:
UBS mth
GBP yr
FT prev. close
8. Underline the verbs and translate the sentences into Russian:
The dollar rose where a fall had been forecast.
The figures added to the evidence that the American economy has resumed stronger growth.
The US deceleration is coming to an end.
The dollar was boosted by US construction spending for November.
With trading thin it sent sterling about a pfennig high.
It gained on strong consumer credit data and rising oil prices.