Texts for individual translation
Text 1.
Liver: good for you but also bad for you?
Liver's suspiciously complex taste has never been а crowd-pleaser. And while the organ is acknowledged to be а rich source of vitamins, iron and other minerals, its sky-high cholesterol content has dissuaded еvеn those eaters who find its aroma darkly alluring.
Another rationale heard for shunniI1g the organ is its function as the body's clean-up department. The liver is very good at metabolizing chemicals (such as antibiotics and environmental chemicals) bу converting them into forms that are easier for the body to eliminate.
But does eating liver expose а person to toxic chemicals, as some folks fear? The liver converts them to nontoxic products and excretes them. There is по evidence that it stores for аnу length of time anything toxic. However, it is true that it filters all the blood, and anything in the bloodstream that is foreign to the body and perceived bу the body as dangerous will bе metabolized and broken down. It doesn't just collect and it sits there. lt takes а chemical and breaks it down and renders it into а more safe form.
The American Heart Association Diet guide, designed "for any healthy Americans 2 years of age and older", says: "Organ meats are very high in cholesterol. However, liver is rich in iron and vitamins, and а small serving (3 ounces) is okay about once а month".
Text 2.
Cramp.
Night Cramp is something from which a great many people occasionally suffer - and they donít easily forget it. Even the healthiest people may get a short, sharp pain in the legs after a strenuousday. Many older people can bring it on by making powerful stretching movements while lying down in bed. If this sort of night cramp becomes a real nuisance, avoiding over-stretching and tablets containing quinine sulphate at bed-time may be all that is needed. A very small number of patients, however, cannot take quinine without becoming dizzy or getting buzzing in the ears. They may have to decide whether they would rather have cramp and no dizziness, or the reverse. But cramp in the lower limbs in the daytime and in younger, active patients can be very distressing and is more serious. It is not uncommon and has the rather clumsy name of intermittent claudications.
Text 3.
Sweet dreams
The quality and quantity of sleep we get is very important. It is during sleep that our batteries recharge and our brain sorts out the day’s accumulated problems. During the day millions of bits and pieces of information are fed into the average brain. After 16 hours of this, the brain becomes information-logged. It needs a rest. Just as different brains do different things with the same information, so different brains need varying amounts of time in which to recover from the input of all this information. The amount of sleep varies just as much as fingerprints vary. A newborn baby needs 15 hours sleep a day, while the average amount of sleep an adult needs is eight hours. Some people may get by with three, while others may need ten. There are many ways to improve the quality and quantity of your sleep. First, make sure that you are tired when you go to bed. You need to be physically tired - not just mentally tired. If you try to go to bed after working on books and paperwork for hours, you’ll probably find that the problems of the day insist on popping into your head. Try going for a walk, or doing a few exercises before you try to sleep. Also remember that your bed - and bedroom - must be comfortable if you are going to sleep well. Good beds are not cheap, but you will probably spend a third of your life in it, so don’t cut corners too much. You will need to be warm if you are going to sleep properly. If you don’t like too many blankets on your bed, then what about hot water bottles, electric blankets or even bed socks? Stuffy bedrooms are difficult to sleep in, so make sure that there is plenty of ventilation. There are many things that may keep you awake at night. Pain, of course, will prevent sleep. Many muscular aches and pains seem worse at night than during the day. If this is the case, ask your doctor if a couple of soluble aspirin or paracetamol tablets will help eradicate your pain permanently. Hunger can also keep you awake. Try a milky drink and a couple of biscuits at night, but try to avoid heavy meals, or meals containing lots of spicy food. If you live in a noisy house or area, then earplugs may help (you can get these from your local chemist), or double glazing may cut down the amount of noise from outside.
Text 4.
Could it be diabetes?
Everyone thinks that diabetes is a disease where the patient excretes a lot of sugar, is very thin and is inordinately thirsty. But there are many people who probably have diabetes and won’t know they have it until a severe symptom arises. However, there are some minor warning symptoms to look out for. Diabetes tends to be hereditary. If you have a diabetic parent, brother, sister or even aunt, there is an increased risk of the disease. But people often don’t realize that although it often causes youngsters to lose weight, later on in life there may be a filling out of the waistline. And on the subject of weight, overeating can also trigger off diabetes. If a woman who unexpectedly has one or two failed pregnancies, it will need to be investigated in several ways, but the possibility of her being a diabetic must be reckoned with. Similarly, a mother who produces a really large child - for example, over four and a half kilos - needs to consider this possibility. Another way the diagnosis can arise is when a patient goes for a life assurance medical examination and is rejected when they believed they were fit and healthy. If this happens, the patient needs to go and see their own doctor and take a specimen of urine with them. One of the early signs of diabetes is when the patient becomes plagued with boils for no apparent reason. Another skin condition associated with diabetes is when there is infuriating itching - generally at night - after a visit to the loo. A few final points also need remembering. Diabetes is not really a definite entity of a disease, but it is said that about 13 people in every 1,000 n Western Europe has a sugar defect in the urine - and about half of them are unaware of the fact. The outlook is vastly better for diabetics than it used to be. Before insulin, a diabetic 10-year-old only had a life expectancy of less that two years - this expectancy is now about 45 years. Older patients will generally get less serious effects. Lastly, if it turns out that you do have diabetes, don’t jump to the conclusion that injections will be essential. It may well be possible to treat you either by diet alone or by insulin taken by mouth. So, if you have any suspicions at all that you may have diabetes, don’t be afraid to consult your doctor.
Text 5.
Poisonous plants
Many trees and plants are poisonous, and a hazard for inquisitive youngsters who are always putting things in their mouths. Naturally-occurring poisons are concentrated in seeds and berries but leaves, flowers, sap and roots can contain a considerable amount. As a general rule, unripe fruits are more dangerous than ripe ones. The first thing a doctor will need to know is what and how much of the poisonous plant was eaten, when it was eaten, and what part of the plant was consumed. They will also need to know how old the patient is and whether they have already vomited after eating the plant. If possible, save what remains of the plant that was eaten and let the doctor or hospital see it for identification purposes as there are specific antidotes to certain plant poisons. Garden plants that cause problems include laurel leaves and their black-currant-looking berries, both of which contain derivatives of cyanide. Lily of the Valley flowers and berries contain a chemical which affects the rhythm of the heart, but fortunately the poison is poorly absorbed so its effects are rarely seen. Other common culprits include Laburnum - whether in the form of seeds or bright yellow flowers -which contains a chemical that poisons in the same way as nicotine; wisteria pods, which bring on gastroenteritis, and lupin pods, which cause vomiting and convulsions. Aconite (monkshood) is the most poisonous plant in Europe and it can kill. Few people realise that rhododendron seeds produce urinary and gastroenteritis symptoms, such as pain when passing water, diarrhoea and vomiting. Poppies contain over 100 different kinds of addictive drugs, the most powerful being the basic derivatives of morphine and codeine. As it is now well known, the pretty blue flowers of morning glory conceal the drug LSD, which produces horrific hallucinations. Away from the garden and into the countryside, yew seeds are dangerous — even lethal if chewed, while holly berries act as a purgative. Deadly nightshade isn’t as bad as its name suggests — at least 10 or 12 berries are needed to produce diarrhoea, headaches and abdominal pain but still should not be eaten. The fox-glove — famous for giving us the drug digitalis for heart failure and slowing the heart rate — is not good for healthy hearts. Even the benign sounding buttercup should be avoided, as it belongs to the same family as monkshood and can cause blistering of the mouth, colic and diarrhoea.
Funghi such as wild mushrooms and toadstools are not often toxic if they are cooked as the poisons are broken down by heat, but problems can arise if they are eaten raw. But the best protection against plant poisoning is knowing what is dangerous and educating your children.
Text 6.
Turning home into a hospital
A lot of people sent home after a spell in hospital may be recovering from an accident, operation or illness.
Or, more commonly — and this can be much more of a problem — the patient may be ‘suffering’ from no more than age.
In any case, there’s going to be an upset in the homestead. You may be given a lot of help by a district nurse or home help a few hours a week, but make no mistake, you may be in for rather a rough time. If the condition which keeps the patient in the bedroom is likely to last for a long time, it is worth going to a lot of trouble to get them fixed up with a bed downstairs. Of course, there are houses where this is impossible, but a patient’s first objection is usually the lack of a loo. In this case it is worth putting a commode in the room or an adjoining room. A downstairs bedroom saves an enormous amount of legwork and stair climbing for the carer. Food is easier to serve and it reaches the patient while still moderately hot. Almost everyone who has done a stint of upstairs nursing for a long time has dropped at least one lot of food on the stairs.
Also, if the patient is downstairs, they often feel better for being in contact with the rest of the home, unless they are very ill. Simply placing them near a window which is not draughty will allow them to see what is going on outside. A portable radio or television is also essential for most invalids to keep them entertained. If the patient is a youngster with homework to do, try to keep a bedroom warm enough for the child to work in. Finally, don’t cart all the flowers out of the temporary bedroom every night. The idea that they use up the patient’s oxygen must date back to the days before oxygen was discovered. It is also a good idea to keep an air freshener in the room as the unhealthy human can sometimes affect the bouquet of the room rather badly!
Text 7.
Burns and scalds
There are three different types of skin injury that are classified under the heading ‘burns and scalds’.
Dry burns are caused by fire, electricity, friction, or contact with something that is very hot; chemical burns are caused by acid, alkalis or other strong chemicals and scalds are caused by hot liquids or fat. Among children, scalds are the most common type of injury in this group as they frequently pull hot teapots and saucepans down on top of themselves, or get into baths that are filled with water that is far too hot. Whatever the cause of a burn or scald may be, injuries of this type are classified in three different ways, according to the depth and extent to which the skin has been damaged. Superficial or first degree burns simply cause reddening of the skin and some pain. They do not usually produce any long-term scarring and unless they cover large areas of skin, first degree burns really aren’t all that dangerous. Second degree burns always cause blistering of the skin, in addition to the inevitable reddening. The blisters are caused by fluid leaking out of the blood vessels that have been damaged inside the tissue. Second degree burns are serious and dangerous if they involve more than ten per cent of the skin’s surface area. Third degree burns are the deepest and most serious of all and involve the depth of a full layer of skin.
A burn like this, however small, is potentially dangerous since it can result in infection and scarring. Finally, it is important to remember that any burn that affects the joints or the face can be dangerous since the result may be permanently disabling, or scarring, or both. To start treatment of a burn, the first thing to do is to separate the skin from the source of the burn. So, put out any flames, wash off any chemicals with plenty of water and, if electricity is the cause of the problem, switch off the current before touching the patient. Once you’ve done that, use plenty of fresh, cold water to cool the burnt area. The cold water will prevent blistering and will minimise the damage to the skin. A burn should be kept in or under cold water for ten minutes.
If the burn is second or third degree, if it covers a large area of skin, or if you are worried at all, then obviously you should contact your doctor or call Emergency without delay.
Text 8.
A Close Shave
by Dr John Winsor - The Sunday Times of Malta
The human skin can suffer from a number of diseases, although the face is relatively immune. Constant exposure to air and sun protect the face from a lot if infections that are due to organisms who love dark and damp areas, such as between the toes. But for men, any diseases on the face can affect shaving. The one face rash which is very common is acne. The complaint is far more common among youths than any other age group, especially young men. Unless a male patient has a desire to grow a beard, I advise him to continue shaving but rather sketchily, skating around the worst spots. He should use a good, unscented soap, or a medicated one. Eczema of the face is much less common than acne. Again, keep on shaving, but avoid the worst areas as far as possible. Fortunately, eczema rarely lasts for anything like as long as acne. Impetigo, another skin infection, seems to prefer the face to any other part of the body surface. Germs affect isolated areas of the face but do not spread out wards from the main areas. Sufferers should seek medical advice since it is very often rapidly cleared up by the appropriate antibiotic drug. Since the majority of men do not have the time to go to the barber, and therefore do their own shaving, barber’s rash is now a rarity. Even among the few who do attend hairdressing salons, the latter are now almost invariably carefully maintained and have a high standard of hygiene. Whatever the skin condition from which the face may suffer, the patient must always keep to its own towel. Also, the razor must be thoroughly cleaned after every shave, (though actual scalding is said to blunt the edge). Very occasionally a patient who uses an electric razor gets an allergic rash due to the chrome or nickel in the razor. But it is possible to identify the metal responsible and take precautions. Finally, use pleasantly warm water for shaving when you have any skin trouble on the face, and don’t follow the shaving by after-shaving lotion until the rash is better. There are plenty of shaving products for men that are available, such as skin soothers or moisturisers, so, if you are not suffering from any infections, there is no reason why you cannot have a close shave and maintain healthy skin.
Text 9.
Bulimia
Most people know about anorexia nervous -when people deliberately starve themselves to keep their weight down - but bulimia, or excessive vomiting, is another extreme of the disorder. Although bulimics have near normal weight, it comes at a price, and that is their health. They delude themselves into thinking that the only way to keep the calories they have eaten from turning into fat is to make themselves vomit or by taking excessive amounts of laxatives. What they don’t realise is that it is not an effective way of preventing the absorption of extra calories. It isn’t just women who can suffer from anorexia or bulimia, although women are 10 times more liable to succumb to eating disorders. Bulimia may start after months or years of anorexia. It is essentially a teenage problem, though it may extend into adult life or even begin then. The frequent food binges by bulimics can lead to depression. The physical and psychiatric complications of his behaviour lead to educational, occupational, social and family problems. One of the obvious signs of bulimia is hard skin or marks on the back of the hand due to repeated abrasion of the skin as the hand is thrust down the throat to produce vomiting. A dentist may also spot the condition as the salivary glands can become enlarged as well as the teeth losing their enamel through repeated vomiting — which causes the teeth to come into contact with abnormal amounts of gastric acid. And it is not just the outside appearance of the body that suffers. Repeated vomiting also upsets the chemical balance of the blood, which can result in painful cramps, fits and even kidney damage. A sympathetic ear is the first priority when it comes to treating the disorder.
Once the problem is out in the open, the sufferer and their doctor, friends and family can join together to fight it.The person who has the disorder will need psychotherapy to tackle and overcome their behaviour. This will reveal why they feel they have to binge and vomit, and break the cycle. There is help out there for anorexics and bulimics, but they must take the first step and seek help from their doctors as soon as possible before they seriously damage their health.
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Text 10.
Taste
Taste enables us to differentiate between bitter, sweet, salty or sour flavours. Smell is also used to help distinguish between tastes, so disturbance of smell can alter our taste appreciation. For instance, if your nose is blocked due to a cold, you can’t smell and appear to lose your sense of taste as well. Dysgeusia is the medical word for disturbance of taste sensation, and it usually occurs when we have a dry mouth. Each person has about 10,000 tastebuds. Most are on the tongue but there are also a few on the back of the throat. They are contained in raised pimples, or papillae. Large papillae are mushroom-shaped and called fungiform. The smaller ones are filliform papillae and look like mountain peaks when seen under the microscope. If you poke your tongue out and have a look at the surface in a mirror, you can see small and large papillae on the rough-textured surface. Taste pores — long-necked tubes -in these pimples are surrounded by four types of taste buds, each of which is composed of special cells which are sensitive to either sweet, sour, salty or bitter flavors. Certain chemicals in food and drink provoke these tastes by dissolving in saliva and entering the pore. Hairs projecting from these cells into the pore are stimulated by the chemicals. When a nerve is provoked in this way, it sends messages to the brain via the glossopharyngeal nerve, helping us perceive taste. However, if we have a dry mouth, there is not enough saliva to dissolve all the chemicals and appreciate the full flavor. Complete or partial loss of taste usually stems from degeneration of the taste buds due to the aging process. But the most common cause is a dry mouth, which can be caused by many factors, including some drugs. Smoking also dries the mouth. The nicotine paralyses the hairs in the cells and adds a taste of its own, so smokers cannot appreciate to the full the delicacy of the food they are eating. Another common cause of taste loss is blocking by other strong food chemicals. For instance, spices and garlic overpower the taste buds and produce a distorted sensation of flavors. Damage to taste buds also arises from inflammation – stomatitis- or nasty conditions such as cancer of the mouth, or where radiotherapy has been given. The special nerves conveying the taste messages can be damaged in a head injury, tumour of the brain or after surgery on the head and neck. Some psychiatric illnesses cause disturbances of taste, probably because of hallucinations rather than true taste loss. So, when you realize you’ve had a really tasty meal, you’ve got a lot to be thankful for!
Text 11.
It ain’t half hot mum!
Heatwaves can happen so suddenly. Acclimatising to heat can cause problems not only for patients who are elderly or ill with virus infections and already feverish, but fit people — who can also quickly become exhausted and unwell. It takes several days to get used to soaring temperatures in the sun and a few of my holiday-going patients have ‘cooked’ themselves in the first few days, rather than staying in the sun for no more than an hour and gradually increasing the exposure as the week progresses. We lose heat by the evaporation of sweat from skin made warmer by increased amounts of blood in its blood vessels. Cramp - usually in the calf muscles - is the commonest form of too much environmental heat. It affects workers in hot jobs, such as mining, and fit people undergoing very vigorous exercise. This can be cured by salty drinks, but not beer or lager as alcohol makes dehydration worse.
Heat exhaustion is the holiday goer’s bugbear as it occurs in unacclimatised people who exercise vigorously doing activities such as beach games, jogging, or a strenuous sightseeing trip. Water depletion causes dizziness, fatigue and fainting. Delirium may follow. The victim needs rest, cooling down with fans and cold sponging, plus lots of salt water — a quarter of a teaspoonful of salt in half a litre of cold water. Heat stroke is even more serious, as it can kill. Occurring when the body temperature exceeds 41°C, the patient suffers from headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion and finally coma.The skin is hot and dry because the sweating process is halted by inflammation of the sweat glands, known as ‘prickly heat’. Added factors are windless, humid climates, old age and alcohol.You can treat heat stroke by rapid cooling with cold water or ice packs. Re-hydration by lots of fluid is less likely to have occurred. Also, make sure you seek urgent medical advice for someone in this condition.
The golden rule is to treat the sun with respect. Although it is a great relaxer, rejuvenating force and lifter of ‘the blues’, it can also be very dangerous. Keep cool and drink plenty.
Text 12.
Travel Sickness
Motion sickness - or travel sickness -spoils many journeys. Yet it is possible to control this unpleasant and often embarrassing condition. Although it most traditionally occurs when travelling by sea, motion sickness can also affect travellers on trains, aeroplanes, buses and motor cars. In fact, so many more people travel by road than by sea that the number of children who suffer from motion sickness in cars and buses is higher than in any other category.It is children rather than who suffer mostly from motion sickness. But, for some reason that researchers don’t entirely understand, the problem tends to disappear with time. Researchers are constantly studying the subject of motion sickness. From what we know, it seems that the special organs of balance inside the ear have a vital part to play. The physiological pathways are still something of a mystery, but it is now recognised that any type of regular movement can cause motion sickness. For example, motion sickness is common among people who go on roundabouts and rides at the fairground. Over the years, I’ve lost count of the number of ‘cures’ for travel sickness that I’ve come across. One of the most convincing pieces of research I’ve seen suggests that when the brain is receiving plenty of visual information about what is going on, it balances that information against the motion and is less likely to become disturbed.This is why most car drivers, aeroplane pilots, boat helmsmen and bike riders don’t suffer from motion sickness.With this evidence in mind, one of the best ways to avoid motion sickness is to take an active interest in what is going on outside.Trying to read or play a game inside a car will make things worse because the information being received through the eyes won’t match the info. Try games such as counting lorries, looking for blue cars or counting sheep in the fields instead.You can also help minimise the problem by avoiding rich, spicy or fatty foods before travelling.Of the many drugs available to stop motion sickness, the best ones are antihistamines. But since they cause drowsiness in many cases, they could be problematic for drivers and people doing dangerous work.
Text 13.
Laughter is the Best Medicine
At least nine out of every ten illnesses are caused — or at least made worse -by stress, pressure and anxiety. It seems that the way we respond to problems and troubles can produce many symptoms of ill health. But although our minds can make us ill, they can also make us better and help us to stay healthy. There are a number of ways in which you can use your mind to improve your health:
1. Laugh as much as you can. Laughter is a positive, natural phenomenon which helps by improving respiration, lowering blood pressure and ‘toning up’ the heart.
2. Don’t be cool or unemotional. Insurance companies in the USA have shown that if a wife kisses her husband before he goes to work, then he’ll be less likely to have an accident on the road. He will, on average, live five years longer than if she doesn’t give him a morning kiss.
3. If you feel sad, then cry. Research has shown that tears don’t just provide an important stress relief valve - they help the body get rid of harmful chemical wastes. If you suppress your natural instinct to cry, than you are increasing your chances of acquiring a stress-related disorder.
4. Anger is a killer. Diseases such as high blood pressure, strokes and heart disease are all common consequences of uncontrolled anger. Find a positive way to release it, such as through physical exercise or talking about your problems.
5. A lack of confidence can be very destructive, so build it up. You can do this by imagining that you are creating an advertisement for yourself, writing down all your good points. You’ll probably be surprised to find out how many virtues you have.
6. Smile as much as you can. We all respond to the face we see — for example, if you see someone yawn, you feel tired and if you see someone scowling, then you’ll feel cross. If people see you smiling, then they’ll smile back at you. They’ll like you, too.
7. Learn to assert yourself. In hospitals the patients who live longest are the ones who stick up for themselves. The same is true of life.
8. Boredom is one of the biggest killers in our society. Be prepared to take risks and chances to add excitement to your life. If you don’t take risks, you’ll never know what you can achieve.
9. Put purpose into life. By adding ambition, hope and purpose, you’ll give yourself new powers with which to combat the stresses and strains associated with frustrations, boredom and pressure.
10. Get into the habit of following your instincts. Practise first with minor decisions — what to eat and wear. You’ll be surprised at how good your unconscious mind is at making decisions for you.
Text 14.
Miscarriages
DEALING with repeated miscarriages is one of the many distressing situations that a doctor has to deal with in his professional life. A miscarriage can be triggered by a whole host of factors. The most common ones are anatomical and genetic abnormalities but there are others. For example, smoking increases the risk and diseases are also associated with miscarriages. These include thyroid trouble, diabetes and a wide range of infections, from German measles (rubella), mumps, influenza, listeriosis and toxoplasmosis to herpes and malaria. Factors in repeated miscarriages are more likely to be hormonal imbalance or an abnormality of the womb. The uterus may have two horns instead of one cavity and there is less room for baby to grow. Previous womb infections or PID - pelvic inflammatory disease, where the genital organs are damaged and scarred, can also be a cause. Babies in the wrong place - in the confined space of a Fallopian tube, which normally conducts the egg from the ovary to the uterus - miscarry around six to ten weeks. This is an ectopic pregnancy. One in 140 pregnancies are ectopic and are more common in women over the age of 30. But there are also many myths about recurrent miscarriages. One is that a backwards-pointing womb, or retroverted uterus, causes abortions. It definitely doesn't. Sexual intercourse doesn't either, nor an examination by your doctor. Miscarriages are traumatic events and in cases of recurrent miscarriages, I suggest a low-key approach. Don't tell anyone but your doctor at first. Let your partner into the secret later at an opportune moment and rest as much as possible. Get a scan after six weeks as this will show if baby is developing and in the right place. Your doctor can arrange this.When you've got to the magic 12 weeks or later, when miscarriages are less likely to happen, then you can let everyone in on your happy news.
Text 15.
The deaf driver
DEAF PEOPLE do not get their share of sympathy and are often not fully understood. This is particularly true of deaf drivers. It is often suggested that the hard of hearing cannot be as good or as safe drivers as others. Yet research carried out in New Zealand into the causes of more than 30,000 accidents showed that deafness was not regarded as responsible in a single incident. In the United States, almost all licensing officers consider deaf drivers to be quite as safe - indeed safer - than average. There is a reason for this. These drivers are so well aware of their disability, and of the prejudices against them, that they take more than average care when driving. They concentrate more on the job. Indeed, one insurance company revealed that although eight per cent of policy-holders make some sort of claim each year, only between three and four per cent of claims are made by people with defective hearing. There are, of course, varying degrees of deafness. There is the deafness of the lad who never hears his mother asking him to do something. And at the other end of the scale there is the so-called stone-deaf patient. If a driver has some degree of deafness and wears a hearing-aid, the question is often asked whether, if he wears it during his driving test, he ought never to drive without it. Some countries insist on this, but I feel it is unreasonable. A hearing-aid does not clarify sound as much as it may increase the volume, and this can be a distraction to the driver, especially in town areas. A hearing-aid is not comparable with spectacles. The latter can improve vision to such an extent that it becomes normal. A hearing-aid does not make hearing perfect. There have been suggestions that a certificate of sound hearing should be incorporated in every application for a driving licence. In view of the statistics, however, this would seem unreasonable. We all suffer at times from the other driver who thinks we must be deaf, just because we don't do exactly what he wants us to do. He shows this by hooting and bad manners. There is reason to believe that the driver with poorer hearing is spared some of this sort of annoyance, as well as the distraction of a talkative passenger. The only thing that may possibly suffer a little as the result of the disability is perhaps, the gearbox! To sum up, I would maintain that the deaf driver is as safe as the rest of us and I would never support any legislation against him.
Контрольная работа.
1. Compose a list of 20 illnesses. Translate the words. Build 3 sentences in Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Progressive. Build 5 types of questions to the sentence in Present Simple or Past Simple.