Ex.3. Answer these questions with a conditional sentence
What would you do if …
1. … you won lots of money?
2. … you were a famous film star?
3. … you found a wallet on the ground?
4. … you were invited to play a part in a film?
5. … you were trying to lose weight?
6. … you were to change your job?
7. … you saw someone cheating in an exam?
8. … you wanted to buy someone a really good present?
9. … you were to apply for the manager’s job?
10. … you found a job abroad?
11. … you were promoted?
12. … you were fired?
13. … you were asked to work overtime?
14. … you were president of a big company?
15. … your company's main competitors offered you a good job?
Ex.4. Translate into English.
1. Компанія торгувала б своїми акціями, якби мала дозвіл.
2. Вони б знизили позиковий відсоток, якби компанія не одержувала такі прибутки.
3. Якби не існувало фінансових центрів, компаніям було б важко збільшувати свій капітал.
4. Якби вони продавали цінні папери на фондовій біржі, вони мали б вищі прибутки.
5. Якби ці туристичні послуги надавалися конкуруючими фірмами, ми б мали кращий вибір.
6. Якби ти продав ці акції, то вирішив би усі свої проблеми.
7. Якби ця компанія досліджувала ринок більш ретельно, вона б була більш привабливою для інвесторів.
8. Якби попит на цей товар знизився, ми б вилучили його з ринку.
9. Якби у них був вибір, вони б підтримували вітчизняного виробника.
10. Споживачі із задоволенням купували б ваш товар, якби ви змінили упаковку.
Ex.5. Under what circumstances, if any, would you:
s tell a lie to your parents?
s skip a lecture?
s leave the restaurant without paying the bill?
s lend a large amount of money to a friend?
s give a lift to a complete stranger?
s waste a large amount of money?
s betray you friend?
s leave the university?
Speech and Discussion
Ex.1. Define the following terms:
s stock market
s commodity market
s foreign exchange market
s bull market
s bear market
Ex.2. Say what you know about stock exchanges in Ukraine. Do you think stock exchanges are necessary? Is it usual for ordinary people in Ukraine to own shares?
Ex.3. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them.
1. The work was difficult at first but, after a few weeks, everything fell into place.
2. “It’s not my place to give you advice”, the clerk said to the manager.
3. If we cut out all unnecessary expenses, we shall have a reasonable chance of weathering the storm.
4. Charging you € 200 for that simple repair was daylight robbery.
5. After months of work, we are beginning to see daylight.
Ex.4. Comment on the following:
"The best entrepreneurs are risk avoiders. They identify the risk, and then they take actions to minimize the effects of it."
(Paul Hawken)
Lesson 4
Text: Investments
Grammar: Third Conditional. Progress Test III (Conditionals).
Terms to remember:
| capital goods | ™ | засоби виробництва; товари виробничого призначення |
| portfolio | ™ | портфель цінних паперів |
| Unit Trust (BrE) | ™ | пайовий інвестиційний фонд/траст |
| Mutual Fund (AmE) | ™ | взаємний фонд; інвестиційний фонд |
| fixed rate of interest | ™ | фіксована процентна ставка |
| gilt-edged security /gilt (BrE) | ™ | гарантований цінний папір |
| treasury bond (AmE) | ™ | казначейська облігація |
| derivative instrument/derivative | ™ | похідний інструмент |
| futures | ™ | ф’ючерс, терміновий контракт, термінова угода |
| deal | ™ | угода |
| option | ™ | опціон, угода з премією (обумовлене виплатою премії право купити чи продати цінні папери за встановленим курсом) |
| swap | ™ | своп, обмін активами чи зобов’язаннями |
| suit (v) | ™ | влаштовувати, задовольняти |
Investments
When we speak about investments we mean the purchase by a business of new capital or of capital goods such as new machinery. In the most general sense, the objective of investing is to earn money with money. When an investor holds the collection of financial securities we say that he holds portfolio.
Unit Trust (BrE) or Mutual Fund (AmE) is a company that spreads its investors’ capital over a variety of securities. Investment in a unit trust/mutual fund reduces the risk for the small investor.
Apart from stocks and shares there are many types of investment opportunities available. When a company or government wishes to raise finance it can issue bonds. These are securities offered at a fixed rate of interest. Bonds issued by the government are called gilt-edged securities or gilts in the UK, and treasury bonds in the US.
Derivatives or derivative instruments are financial products such as futures, options and swaps. Futures are contracts that give the right to buy and sell currencies and commodities at an agreed time in the future at a price agreed at the time of the deal.
Options are contracts enabling the holder to buy a security at a fixed price for a limited period. Swaps allow the exchange of one asset for another to suit both parties.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form verbs from the following nouns:
collection, reduction, product, agreement, investor, holder, meaning, earnings.
Ex.2. Give the English for:
купівля товарів виробничого призначення; заробляти гроші; мета інвестування; взаємний фонд; зменшувати ризик; інвестор; залучати фінанси; випускати облігації; пропонувати цінні папери за фіксованою процентною ставкою; гарантований цінний папір; купувати цінні папери за фіксованою ціною; влаштовувати обидві сторони.
Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
| A | B |
| objective mutual fund reduce gilts deal buy investor opportunity available | obtainable possibility shareholder transaction purchase treasury bonds decrease unit trust target |
Ex.4. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
disinvestment, to increase, domestic investment, obstacle, to forbid, inaccessible.
Ex.5. Match the nouns in the left-hand column with the verbs in the right-hand column:
| unit trust portfolio gilts deal | analyse add to invest in manage make conclude issue trade in |