OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain gave mankind a lot of outstanding scientists, writers and poets, musicians and painters.

There are a lot of famous names in the history of Great Britain. С.F. Powell, James Maxwell, Daniel Defoe, Robert Burns, Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable are only a few names well-known all over the world.

Ernest Rutherford, a famous English Physicist worked in the field of radioactivity. He was one of the founders of the atomic theory of Physics and creators of the first atomic model.

M. Faraday made his major discovery in the field of electricity – the electromagnetic induction.

Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin. The great work that he did was done for the benefit of sick men and women. His discovery of penicillin did more to help suffering mankind than anything else for centuries.

Great Britain has also given the world many outstanding writers and poets. On his death Turner’s own entire collection of paintings and drawings was willed to the nation and they are in the National and the Tate Galleries.

William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers in the world. His plays were translated into almost every language and staged in every theatre. The most famous of them are “Othello”, “Hamlet”, “Romeo and Juliet”, “King Lear”.

Oscar Wilde is one of the most interesting representatives of British literature. Oscar Wilde’s literary heritage is very large and his works are often staged nowadays.

Joseph Turner, the greatest English romantic landscape painter. During his life Turner painted some hundreds of painting and some thousands of watercolors and drawings.

A musical giant of the late baroque period, George Frederic Handel was born in Germany but spend most of his adult life in England. He successfully combined German, French, Italian, and English musical styles in about 40 operas, 20 oratorios, and numerous other vocal pieces, instrumental works, and church music.

All of them considered hard labor and love for mankind to be the main reason of their success.

THE USA

1. The USA is one of the largest countries in the world.

2. It is almost 3 thousand miles across from the north to the south.

3. The USA is washed by the Pacific ocean in the west and the Atlantic ocean in the east.

4. The Mississippi with the Missouri is one of the longest rivers in the world.

5. The USA consists of 50 states and is situated in the North American Continent.

6. The population equals 200 million people.

7. The climate of the country differs from east to west.

8. The coldest climate is in the North with its snowy and cold winters.

9. It becomes warmer in the south where it is subtropical.

10. Americans most are of English, German and French origin.

11. There are many big cities and towns in the country.

12. New York is one of the largest cities in the world.

13. Other big cities are San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit.

14. Washington is the capital of the country.

15. The USA has very powerful industries, advanced technology and science.

16. Electronic and electric engineering, transport, communication and machine tool industries are highly developed there.

17. The USA is a federal republic.

18. The government of the country is composed of 3 branches - executive, legislative and judicial.

19. The legislative power in the USA belongs to the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

20. The head of the executive power is the President.

21. The president is elected for a four-year term.

22. There are 2 main parties in the USA: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

 

THE USA

The Unites States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. The total area of the USA is over nine million square km. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people; most of the population lives in towns and cities.

The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The сoldest regions are in the north and north-east. The south has a subtropical climate. The United States is a land of rivers and lakes. The northern state of Minnesota is the land of 10 000 lakes. The longest rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Rio Grande. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.

The United States is rich in natural and mineral resources. It produces copper, oil, iron ore and coal. It is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and others.

The national capital is Washington,D.C. Its population is about 3,4 million. Washington was built in the late eighteenth century as the center of government. It was named after George Washington- the first president of the United States of America.

The USA became the world leading country at the beginning of the twentieth century.

THE USA

The United States of America is one of the largest and most developed countries in the world. Its territory is washed by three oceans: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. There are mountains in the east and in the west of the country. In the north of the USA there are five great lakes, which are joined by short rivers or canals. The longest river in the USA is the Mississippi.

The USA is a federative republic comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia. The states differ in history, size, population and economical development very much.

There are many large cities and towns in the USA. New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles are the biggest of them.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It has very efficient industries, advanced technologies and science. Electronic and electrical engineering, transport, communication and machine-tool industries can be found in almost all large cities of the USA.

The USA is a federal republic consisting of fifty states. The government of the USA is composed of three branches – executive, legislative and judicial. The legislative power in the country belongs to the Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. President is at the head of the executive power.

THE USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, China and Canada. It occupies the central part of the North American Continent. The USA borders on Canada in the North and on Mexico in the south. The south-eastern coast of the country is washed by the Gulf of Mexico and the US also has coasts on the Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

The population of the country is about 250 million people. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, separated by the Canadian territory and the rest major part of the USA.

The land varies from heavy forests covering 2,104 mln hectares, to barren deserts, from high-peaked mountains (the highest peak is Mount McKinley in Alaska) to deep canyons (Death Valley in California is 1,064 metres below sea level). The highest mountains in the USA are the Cordilleras that run the length of the west coast and include the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.

The continental part of the USA consists of the highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west. The lowlands are situated between the Cordilleras and the Appalachian Mountains and are usually called the prairie. Eastern lowlands are called Mississippi Valley.

America’s largest rivers are the Mississippi with its tributary Missouri, the Rio Grande, the Ohio and the Columbia. The USA is famous for its five Great Lakes: Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, Lake Superior and the Michigan. The first four lakes are on the border with Canada and are the largest and deepest in the USA. There are also a lot of small lakes and the northern state of Minnesota, for example, is known as the land of 10,000 lakes.

The USA is rich in mineral resources; their wealth provides a solid base for American industry. It has major deposits of oil and gas in Texas and Alaska, coal in Virginia and Ohio, gold in Alaska and California, silver in Nevada, non-ferrous metals in Arkansas and Colorado.

The capital of the United States is Washington. Among other big cities and towns are New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles and others.

America is a highly developed industrial country. It has a developed motor-car industry. Electric and electronic engineering, transport, communication, ship-building, textile industry are very powerful.

The USA is a federation of states. It consists of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The President is the head of the Government; he is elected for four years. The US Congress consists of two Houses – the Senate and the House of Representatives. The head of the Senate is the Vice President; the head of the House of Representatives is the Speaker. The Republican and the Democratic Parties are the main parties in the country. At the election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress.

THE USA

The United States of America is one of the greatest countries in the world. It is situated on the North America continent and is washed by two oceans: the Pacific and the Atlantic.

The USA boarders only two countries - Canada and Mexico. This great country has a lot of mountains, rivers, lakes. The main mountains are the Appalachi and the Cordilierra. The longest rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri. The climate of the country is very change-able. In the southern part it is sub-tropical while the northern part has a very cold weather in winter. America has fifty states and one Federal district of Columbia where the capital of the country is situated. The capital of the USA is Wash-ington. It stands on the Potomac river in the eastern part of the country. The main cities are located at the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. New York, the largest city of the country, is situated on Manhattan is-land. Other large cities are San-Francisco, Los-Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Phoenix and Dallas. The USA is a country of highly developed industry and agriculture. The main industrial centres are Chicago and Detroit, with their greatest automobile company "General Motors".

There are many farms with various agricultural products. Grains, fruit and vegetables are grown on numerous fields especially in the South. The USA is a country with great holidays, customs and traditions. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting countries in the world.

The USA

The United States of America is located in North America. It is one of the largest countries in the world. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. The USA has 50 states. The largest of America's states is Alaska. It's nearly 400 times the size of Rhode Island, which is the smallest state. But Alaska has half the population of Rhode Island. The capital of the country is Washington.DC ( the District of Columbia ). It was chosen as permanent site for the nation's capital on December 1800 by George Washington. It's main cities are New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Boston. There are many tall buildings in them that really scrape the sky, that's why they are called skyscrapers. It's highly developed country. It is rich in coal, oil, iron and natural gas. It exports a lot of raw materials, industrials and agricultural products.

The United States of America is a federal republic. The American parliament ( called Congress ) has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The head of State is the president. He is elected for four years and his powers are limited by the Constitution. Now the President of the USA is Bill Clinton. The flag of the country has 13 red and white stripes representing the original 13 states and 50 stars - for each of the state of it. Each state has its own national motto, bird and flower as its symbol. America as any other country has its own customs, traditions and holidays.

The United States is called "melting pot" because people from all over the world have mixed together to create modern America society. The earliest immigrants came from every countries of the world. People enjoy the wonder of nature practically in every state. The Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains, forest, plains, parties and even deserts, wonderful lakes, water falls and rivers cover the American territory that equals about 9.4 million square kilometers. Together with Hawaii and Alaska it is the 4th largest nation in the world in area behind Russia, Canada and China. Among the most famous sites of interest are the Great Lakes, Niagara falls, the Golden Gate bridge in San Francisco and other.

There are many beautiful Nation park and protected areas of wilderness in America. I think that the USA is very beautiful country and if you visit it you will never forget it.

THE USA

Many peoples have contributed to the development of the United States of America, a vast nation that arose from a scattering of British colonial outposts in the New World.

The first humans to inhabit the North American continent were migrants from northeast Asia who established settlements in North America as early as 8000 BC and possibly much earlier.

Vikings explored the North American mainland in the 10th and 11th centuries and settled there briefly.

Of more lasting importance, however, was the first voyage (1492-1493) of Christopher Columbus, which inaugurated an age of great European exploration of the Western Hemisphere.

Various European states (including Spain, France, England, the Netherlands, and Portugal) and their trading companies sent out expeditions to explore the New World during the century and a half that followed.

At the beginning of the 17th century European colonies were founded on the territory of the modern USA.

In 1620 first colonist landed at Plymouth Rock. They came from England on board the “Mayflower”. Most of them were puritans or former Anglicans who were called pilgrims.

On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress declared the united colonies to be independent of Great Britain. The new state was called the United Sates of America and July 4 became its national holiday. George Washington was elected the first president of the new republic.

Every nation has different customs and traditions, its own way of life. Americans like to move away, to change homes and jobs. They prefer sociability.

A national Thanksgiving Day is perhaps the only holiday spent by the Americans at home. Table decorations follow a traditional pattern – a harvest of Indian corn, apples, oranges, walnuts and grapes. The centrepiece is the traditional roast turkey.

Still another American tradition concerns Halloween. Its origin dates back hundreds of year to the Druid festival. The Druid New Year began on November 1, making the beginning of winter and the reign of the Lord of Death.

The custom of telling ghost stories on Halloween comes from the Druids. On this occasion children usually wear ghost costumes or false faces. They also carve out rounded eyes in pumpkins and put burning candles inside them to make them visible from far away.

US are a relatively young country still it is known as a country of filmmaking. The advent of TV in the 1950s shook Hollywood's hegemony to its core. The global distribution of American movies and TV shows has shaped the world's perception of the country to a high, if not entirely accurate, degree.

The American music industry is the world's most powerful and pervasive, though groundswell movements remain the driving force of American pop. African-Americans' influence, including blues, jazz and hip-hop, can hardly be exaggerated. Rap, America's inner-city sound, places an equal emphasis on an ultra heavy beat, sound montage, street creed and macho posturing. Its appeal to middle-class white America will no doubt bemuse sociologists for decades.

 

THE USA

The Unites States of America are situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. The total area of the USA is over nine million square km. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people; most of the population lives in towns and cities. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The сoldest regions are in the north and north-east. The south has a subtropical climate.

The United States is a land of rivers and lakes. The northern state of Minnesota is the land of 10 000 lakes. The longest rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Rio Grande. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.

The United States are rich in natural and mineral resources. It produces copper, oil, iron ore and coal. It is a highly-developed industrial and agricultural country. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and others. The national capital is Washington,D.C. Its population is about 3,4 million. Washington was built in the late eighteenth century especially as the centre of government. It was named after George Washington.

The USA became the world leading country at the beginning of the twentieth century.

THE USA

The United States of America is one of the largest and most developed countries in the world. Its territory is washed by three oceans: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. There are mountains in the east and in the west of the country. In the north of the USA there are five great lakes, which are joined by short rivers or canals. The longest river in the USA is the Mississippi.

The USA is a federative republic comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia. The states differ in history, size, population and economical development very much.

There are many large cities and towns in the USA. New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles are the biggest of them.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It has very efficient industries, advanced technologies and science. Electronic and electrical engineering, transport, communication and machine-tool industries can be found in almost all large cities of the USA.

The government of the USA is composed of three branches – executive, legislative and judicial. The legislative Power in the country belongs to the Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. President is at the head of the executive power.