Exercise 4. Просмотрите список выражений и скажите, что вы делали, а что не делали вчера
- to play golf;
- to go to college;
- to pass an exam;
- to speak English;
- to watch TV;
- to play the piano;
- to have a talk with the director;
- to be ill;
- to cook dinner;
- to have breakfast;
- to buy a computer;
- to listen to music;
- to have lectures at college;
- to be late for classes.
Exercise 5. Задайте все возможные вопросы к предложениям.
· She bought a new dress yesterday.
· In childhood I had a dog.
· Students were at the party yesterday.
· The boy played in the yard.
· Students had a test last week.
Exercise 6. Задайте вопросы (общие, альтернативные, разделительные и специальные) вашему собеседнику о том, что он делал вчера, на прошлой неделе, в воскресенье, 3 минуты назад, 5 лет назад, когда он был ребёнком.
Exercise 7. Задайте вопросы к предложенным ниже ответам.
1) Yes, I did. I went for a walk yesterday.
2) We met at college.
3) No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to the cinema on Sunday.
4) I came home late at night.
5) He gave her flowers.
6) We got acquainted 10 years ago.
7) Yes, I did. I heard that noise.
8) They read it in the newspaper.
9) My mother did.
10) Because I was ill.
Exercise 8. Дайте краткие и полные положительные и отрицательные ответы на вопросы.
1) Did you finish school last year?
2) Was your friend at college yesterday?
3) Had you many books at home?
4) Did you have lectures yesterday?
5) Did you go to the seaside in summer?
6) Did your parents study English?
Exercise 9. Перепишите предложения, используя used to вместо выделенных слов.
1) When we were at school, we often performed plays at our school parties.
2) We always went to the theatre on Sundays last year.
3) They were great friends and often traveled together.
4) My Grandmother often repeated this proverb.
5) We usually went bathing in the river every morning in summer.
Exercise 10. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Indefinite.
1) His sister (to study) English every day. Yesterday She also (to study) English.
2) On Sunday I (to go) to bed at 9 p.m. because I (to have) a headache. Though usually (not to go) to sleep early.
3) My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she ( to take) a taxi because she (to oversleep) and she (not to want) to be late.
4) You (to wear) your polka-dot dress to work? – Yes, I … . I (to wear) it yesterday.
5) Tom (not to have) breakfast yesterday because he (to get up) late. But usually he always (to eat) breakfast.
6) Who (to ring) you up an hour ago?
7) It (to take) you long to get to the University yesterday? - Yesterday it (to take) me 40 minutes because I (to get) into a traffic-jam. But usually I (not to spend) much time for it. Usually it (to take) me 15 minutes.
Раздел 5. My Flat (Моя квартира).
Лексика:
My Flat.
| a building | здание | |
| a brick building | кирпичное здание | |
| a wooden building | деревянное здание | |
| a block of flats | многоквартирный дом | |
| 5-storeyed | - пятиэтажный | |
| a garage | гараж | |
| a yard | двор | |
| a garden | сад | |
| a vegetable-garden =a kitchen-garden | огород | |
| a playground | игровая площадка | |
| a bench | скамейка | |
| a swing | качели | |
| a sandpit | песочница | |
| a slide | горка | |
| an entrance | подъезд | |
| a floor the ground floor the first floor | этаж первый этаж второй этаж | |
| a flat= an apartment a 1-room flat | квартира однокомнатная квартира | |
| to face= to overlook | выходить окнами в | |
| a living room | жилая комната | |
| a sitting room | гостиная | |
| a children’s room | детская комната | |
| a bedroom | спальня | |
| a study | кабинет | |
| a dining-room | столовая | |
| a kitchen | кухня | |
| a bathroom | ванная | |
| a toilet= a lavatory | туалет | |
| a hall | прихожая | |
| a balcony | балкон | |
| well-equipped | хорошо оборудованный | |
| well-planned. | хорошо спланированный | |
| comfortable = convenient | удобный | |
| cosy | уютный | |
| spacious | просторный | |
| light | светлый | |
| dark | тёмный | |
| warm | тёплый | |
| cold | холодный | |
| a floor | пол | |
| a ceiling | потолок | |
| a wall | стена | |
| a window | окно | |
| a door | дверь | |
| modern conveniences | современные удобства | |
| electricity | электричество | |
| gas | газ | |
| central heating | центральное отопление | |
| running (hot and cold) water | водопровод (горячая и холодная вода) | |
| rubbish chute | мусоропровод | |
| lift | лифт | |
| telephone | телефон | |
| furniture | мебель |
1. Текст
Nick Nelson About His Flat
Let me introduce myself. My name is Nick Nelson. I am married. My family is not large: my wife, my son and I. We live in a new 16-storeyed block of flats in London. It is situated in the center of the city. There are 5 entrances in the building.
Near the house, in the yard you can see the playground. It is very convenient and our children can play and walk there. There are swings, slides, sandpits and benches on the playground. Many families in our house have cars. That’s why on the right of the house you can see our garages. There is a big supermarket on the ground floor and it’s very convenient to do everyday shopping.
We live in the second entrance. Our flat is on the fifth floor. It is rather large and comfortable and well-planned. There are four rooms in our flat. We have a sitting-room, a bedroom, a children’s room, a bedroom and a study. Besides we have a kitchen, a bathroom, a lavatory and a hall. There is also a balcony. It overlooks the yard.
The largest room in our flat is the living room and we use it as a dining room and as a sitting room. We have a large window in this room, that’s why it is very light. In the middle of the room there is a big table and six chairs round it. Opposite the window there is a wall unit with lots of books, a TV-set and a video cassette recorder. There are two comfortable armchairs and a small coffee table in the right-hand corner. There is also a sofa and a n electric fire in our living room. We like the living room very much, because we spend much time together in it. We like to have tea, to watch TV, to talk and to have rest in our living room.
Our bedroom is not large but very cosy. There is a bed, a wardrobe, two bedside tables and a mirror in the bedroom. Pictures on the walls and a thick carpet make our bedroom still more cosy and comfortable.
Our son’s room is very warm and cosy. You can see a bed, a wardrobe, a desk and a chair and a small sofa. On the wall there are some shelves with children’s books. On the floor you can see a carpet. And, of course, there are toys everywhere. My son likes his room very much.
My study is the smallest room in our flat. There is only a desk with a computer on it, a chair, an armchair, a shelf on the wall and a bookcase with a lot of books. I like to work here and to spend time when I want to be alone.
Our kitchen is large and light. It is very well-equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a coffeemaker and a toaster. My wife spends a lot of time in the kitchen.
We have all modern conveniences in our flat, such as central heating, electricity, gas, cold and hot running water and a telephone. We have a rubbish chute and a lift in our house. It is very convenient.
We love our flat. There is no place like home.
Грамматика:
1. Оборот “There+to be”.
В английском языке широко употребляются предложения, начинающиеся с оборота “There+to be”со значением есть, имеется, находится, существует. Данный оборот употребляется, когда нужно сообщить о наличии или отсутствии какого-либо предмета или лица в определённом месте. Глагол to be согласуется в числе с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним. Таким образом, можно выделить следующие обороты:
| Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite | ||
| Ед. число | Мн. число | Ед. число | Мн. число | |
| There is | There are | There was | There were | There will be |
Порядок слов в таких предложениях следующий:
| There+to be | Что? | Где? |
| There is There are There was There were There will be | an interesting book 5 red flowers an old bench swings a new playground | on the table. in the vase. near the entrance door. in the yard. not far from the house. |
Перевод предложений начинается с обстоятельства места (времени) или со сказуемого, если обстоятельство места отсутствует (т.е. с конца предложения).
Например: There is an interesting book on the table. – На столе интересная книга.
В отрицательных предложениях частица not (неполное отрицание) или местоимение no(полное отрицание) ставятся после глагола to be, перед подлежащим.
Например: There is noplayground near our house. – Возле дома нет игровой площадки.
There is not a large playground near our house. – Возле дома небольшая игровая площадка.
В вопросительных предложениях в настоящем и будущем времени глагол to be в соответствующей форме ставится перед словом there, а в будущем времени перед there выносятся shall / will.
Примеры образования утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных форм:
+ There are three nice roses in the vase.
There were old benches in the yard.
There will be a new playground not far from the house.
- There are not three nice roses in the vase.
There were not old benches in the yard.
There will not be a new playground not far from the house.
? 1)общий
Are there three nice roses in the vase?
Ответ: Yes, there are. There are three nice roses in the vase.
Were there old benches in the yard?
Ответ: Yes, there were. There were old benches in the yard.
Will there be a new playground not far from the house?
Ответ: Yes, there will. There will be a new playground not far from the house.
2)альтернативный
Are there three or five nice roses in the vase?
Ответ: There are three nice roses in the vase.
Were there old or new benches in the yard?
Ответ: There were old benches in the yard.
Will there be a new playground not far from the house?
Ответ: There will be a new playground not far from the house.
3)a)разделительный(+)
There are three nice roses in the vase, aren’t there?
Ответ: Yes, there are. There are three nice roses in the vase.
There were old benches in the yard, weren’t there?
Ответ: Yes, there were. There were old benches in the yard.
There will be a new playground not far from the house, won’t there?
Ответ: Yes, there will. There will be a new playground not far from the house.
b)разделительный (-)
There are not three nice roses in the vase, are there?
Ответ: Yes, there are. There are not three nice roses in the vase.
There were not old benches in the yard, were there?
Ответ: Yes, there were. There were not old benches in the yard.
There will not be a new playground not far from the house, will there?
Ответ: Yes, there will. There will not be a new playground not far from the house.
4)a) специальный (nice)
What kind of roses are there in the vase?
b) специальный (three)
How many nice roses are there in the vase?
c)специальный (old)
What kind of benches were there in the yard?
d)специальный (new)
What kind of playground will there be not far from the house?
5)вопрос к подлежащему
What is there in the vase?
What was there in the yard?
What will there be not far from the house?
Кроме оборота “There+to be” в английском языке есть другие конструкции, которые имеют значение быть, находиться, иметься. Но не- смотря на схожесть значений у этих конструкций, необходимо различать такие предложения.
| конструкции | примеры |
| There+to be | There is a garage in the yard. - Во дворе гараж. |
| To be | The garage is in the yard. – Гараж во дворе. |
| To have | We have a garage in the yard. – У нас во дворе гараж. |
| You can see | You can see a garage in the yard. – Вы можете видеть гараж во дворе. |
Упражнения для закрепления грамматики: