Glossary of Airline Seating Terms
Domestic
A flight that travels within the same country.
Emergency Equipment
Oxygen containers, rafts, flashlights, and other emergency equipment that is often stored in a designated overhead bin, which can make it hard to find room for your bags if this equipment is directly above your seat.
Exit Door
A full-sized exit door just (just like the one you use to board and de-plane entered the plane). An emergency slide is often packed into the door and creates a bulge on the interior of the plane. This can be bothersome to the seat directly next to the door because it intrudes on your personal space.
International
A flight that travels between two countries.
Jump Seat
A special seat used by airline flight attendants and crew members during take-off and landing. Typically the bottom of the seat folds up when the seat is not in use.
Legrest
Often found only on planes that travel Internationally, this is a device that allows for ones legs to be supported and extended. It is rarely found in Coach or Economy, and more typically in Business or First Class.
Missing Window
There are areas of the plane where air ducts or wires are run behind the wall. When this is required, it is not possible to have a window in this location, so instead, a solid blank wall will be there instead. Yes, airlines still advertise the seat as a "Window Seat" even though there is no window.
Overhead Bin/Rack
The shared place above your seat that allows for bag storage. Airlines restrict the size and weight of bags in these compartments. Be sure to check the restrictions before your flight.
Recliner Seat
These seats do not offer the significant recline of the Lie-flat and Flat Bed Seats, but still offer excellent space and comfort. This type of seat is only available in Business Class of certain airlines.
Seat Pitch
Seat Pitch is the distance from any point on one seat to the exact same point on the seat in front or behind it. While it is not the exact equivalent of "legroom", it does give a very good approximation of how much seat room you should expect. Bottom line: the more seat pitch the better.
Seat Width
Seat Width is typically the distance between armrests on a seat. If there is no armrest, the seat cushion is assumed to be the seat width. Bottom line: the more seat width the better.
Service Cart
A specially designed rolling cart that fits in the aisle of the plane and is used by the flight attendants to serve food and drinks to passengers.
Tray Table
The small table often found on the back of the seat in front of you. Sometimes the tray table is located in your armrest.
Upper Deck
Boeing 747-400 and Airbus A380 aircraft have an Upper Deck with passenger seating. This seating is often Business or First Class. The Upper Deck is accessible via a staircase from the main cabin area.
Упражнение 1
Переведите на русский:
Oxygen containers, rafts, flashlights, emergency equipment, emergency slide, jump seat, crew members, legrest, air ducts, an overhead bin/rack, a recliner seat, seat pitch, legroom, armrests, a seat cushion, an aisle, a tray table, the upper deck, cabin.
Упражнение 2
Переведите на английский:
Sukhoi Superjet 100 – ближнемагистральный самолет, разработанный Российской компанией “Гражданские самолёты Сухого”.
В начале 2000-х, парк отечественных самолетов ЯК-42, ТУ-134 и ТУ-154 практически выработал свой ресурс, а новые лайнеры не производились и не разрабатывались. В то же время, компания “Сухой” приняла решение создать новый региональный самолет, который мог бы заменить наследие советской авиации.
Салон SSJ-100 высокий, просторный и обладает довольно широким проходом между креслами. Багажные полки имеют рекордный в своём классе объём (50 литров). Пассажирские кресла расположены по схеме 2+3, а между ними достаточно расстояния, чтобы свободно вытянуть ноги даже очень высокому пассажиру.
Сухой Суперджет 100 может взять на борт 98 пассажиров и перевезти их на расстояние до 2,950 км.
ИЛ-96 – дальнемагистральный широкофюзеляжный пассажирский самолет разработанный в КБ Илюшина.
ИЛ-96 был разработан в конце 1980-х на базе популярного советского аэробуса ИЛ-86. От своего предшественника он отличается значительно увеличенной дальностью полёта и рядом других совершенствований.
Первый полёт ИЛ-96-300 совершил в сентябре 1988 года. Серийное производство лайнера началось в 1992 году. К сожалению, у авиакомпаний самолет практически не пользуется спросом из-за высокой конкуренции со стороны Airbus и Boeing.
Салон Илюшин ИЛ-96 очень просторный и оборудован тремя рядами кресел по схеме 3+3+3. На лайнере установлено 8 туалетов. Также предусмотрена установка мультимедийных систем и буфета.
ИЛ-96-300 способен взять на борт 300 пассажиров и перевезти их на расстояние до 9,000 км.
Специальная модификация ИЛ-96-300 ПУ – является бортом номер один, на котором совершает перелёты президент Российской Федерации.
На сегодняшний день, существует несколько модификаций лайнера, практически все грузовые, за исключением усовершенствованного ИЛ-96-400, производство которого пока под вопросом.
How Airports Work
Baggage Handling
The baggage handling system at an airport plays a crucial role in keeping travelers happy. It also can make the difference in an airport's ability to attract or keep a major airline hub.
Each airport has its own requirements. For instance, the time allotted for a bag to make it from the check-in area to the gate is determined by how fast a passenger can make the same trip. In some airports, it might only be a short walk to the passenger terminal, while in others, passengers might have to take a train.
The Denver International Airport has a modern, automated baggage-handling system designed by BAE Automated Systems, Inc. United Airlines uses Terminal B at the Denver Airport as a hub, so this terminal has the most automation. This system incorporates some amazing technology to move bags from the check-in counter to the departure gate in an almost completely automated way:
Destination-coded vehicles(DCVs), unmanned carts propelled by linear induction motors mounted to the tracks, can load and unload bags without stopping.
Automatic scannersscan the labels on the luggage.
Conveyorsequipped with junctionsand sorting machinesautomatically route the bags to the gate.
Runways
Runwaysare amazing – a typical one is about 2 miles long, as wide as a 16-lane highway and about 3 feet thick!
Think about this: A fully-loaded 777 or 747-400 weighs about 850,000 pounds (385,554 kg). Imagine a rough landing where 850,000 pounds slams down hard onto the runway. Runways have to be specially constructed to take that strain without cracking or, worse, buckling. As they're designing runways, engineers have to consider the number of wheels an airplane has, how far apart those wheels are and the size of the tires. As planes get bigger and bigger, runways have to be re-built to accommodate the increased stresses.
When the Denver International Airport was built, it took 2.5-million cubic yards of concrete to create five 12,000-foot runways, plus taxiways and aprons. First, 6 feet of compacted soil was put down; then, a foot-deep layer of soil was spread, topped by an 8-inch-thick cement-treated base; that was followed by 17 inches of concrete paving.
Main runways are usually oriented to line up with the prevailing wind patterns so that airplanes can take-off into the wind and land with it. Local and ground air traffic controllers determine which runways are used for take-off and which for landing, taking into account weather, wind and air-traffic conditions. In some airports, main runways cross each other, so the controllers have to pay even closer attention.
Planes use taxi runwaysto get from the gate to a main runway for take-off and from a main runway to the gate after landing. Ground controllersdirect ground traffic from the airport's tower.
Airports also use standardized lighting and ground markings to provide direction and identification to all air and ground crews. To assist pilots in differentiating at night between airport runways and freeways, airports have rotating beacon lights. These beacons usually flash green and white lights to indicate a civilian airport. They are visible from the air long before the entire airport is recognizable. To help pilots at night quickly identify the beginning of a runway, green threshold lights line the runway's edge. Red lights mark the ends of runways and indicate obstructions. Blue lights run alongside taxiways while runways have white or yellow lights marking their edges.
Упражнение 1
Переведите на русский:
The baggage handling system, an airline hub, the system incorporates some amazing technology, a check-in counter, destination-coded vehicles, unmanned carts, junctions, runways, buckling, to accommodate the increased stresses, taxiways, aprons, concrete paving, to take-off into the wind and land with it, air traffic controllers, the airport's tower, air and ground crews, beacon lights.
Упражнение 2
Переведите на английский: