Task 2. Answer the following questions
1. What does the term “computer” describe? 2. Is computer intelligent? 3. What are four components of computer system? 4. What is software? 5. What’s the difference between the hardware and software? 6. In what way terms “data” and “information” differ? 7. How does computer convert data into information?
Task 3. Find Ukrainian equivalents for the following words.
Computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, information, data, microphone, printer, modem, Internet.
Task 4. Here are some sentences. Are they true or false? Correct the false sentences.
1. Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.
2. Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded.
3. There are four elements of computer system: hardware, software, diskettes and data.
4. Without software instructions hardware doesn’t know what to do.
5. The software is the most important component because it is made by people.
6. The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.
Task 5. Read and translate the text. Give the summery of the text using the professional vocabulary.
What is hardware?
Webster’s dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware – the devices composing a computer system.
Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:
input hardware
processing hardware
storage hardware
output hardware.
Input hardware
Input hardware collects data and convert them into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a handheld device connected to the computer by a small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the desktop, the cursor moved across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to give a command to the computer.
Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer.
Processing hardware
Processing hardware directs the execution of software instructions in the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing.
Memory is the component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM. RAM (random access memory) is the memory, used for creating, loading and running programs. ROM (read only memory) is computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system.
The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.
Storage hardware
The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-Rom.
Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.
CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory) is a compact disk on which a large amount of digitized data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays.
Output hardware
The purpose output hardware is to provided the used with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information produced by the computer system. Information is in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.
Monitor is display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc. Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.
Modem is an example of communication hardware – an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.
Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what you are going to do on your computer.
Vocabulary:
input hardware – пристрій введення даних
to convert – перетворювати
suitable – підходящий
mouse – «миша»
to roll – катати, перекатувати
to reach – добиватися
keyboard – клавіатура
cursor – курсор
processing hardware – пристрій обробки даних
execution – виконання
to direct – керувати
central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor – мікропроцесор
brain – мозок
to interpret – переводити, інтерпретувати
RAM – ОЗП (оперативний запам’ятовуючий пристрій)
ROM – ПЗП (постійний запам’ятовуючий пристрій)
storage hardware – пристрої зберігання даних
to retrieve – видаляти (диск)
hard disk – жорсткий диск, «вінчестер»
CD-ROM – накопичувач на ком пакт-дисках (CD)
CD-ROM drives – дисководи CD-ROM
digitized – в цифровому вигляді
temporary – тимчасовий
output hardware – пристрої відображення інформації
to connect – з’єднувати
to provide – забезпечувати
to affect – впливати
amount – кількість