I. Придумайте примеры на согласование времен
Образец: She knew that he was busy. (to share a room, to be clever, to give a lecture, to work, to disappear, to choose).
Образец: He said that he had repeated the speech word for word.
(to arrive at a decision, to come back, to gather, to spend, to laugh, to take).
Образец: The Dean said they would choose the candidate after the lecture.
(to go on with, to work at, to take out of the pocket, to review grammar, to make a choice).
II. Употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме в следующих предложениях.
1. I thought that you (to arrive) at some decision. 2. We did not remember that he (to repeat) that speech from memory. 3. He believed that a fine memory (to be) absolutely necessary for that post. 4. I did not know if you (to apply) for this job. 5. They said they (to work) 7 hours a day. 6. He promised that he (to give) a lecture in near future. 7. I did not know how my bag (to disappear). 8. The teacher said he (to call on) the students in alphabetical order. 9. Did she say that there (to be) a lot of mistakes in your composition? 10. Did she find out that he (to come) late at night? 11. She asked me if I (to get on) well with my classes. 12. I was sure that his brother (to leave) home. 13. She discovered that we (to be taken) by surprise. 14. Did they decide that they (to leave) for Leningrad?
III. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Знаете ли вы, что мы не пришли ни к какому решению? 2. Я был уверен, что он может повторить эти предложения слово в слово. 3. Отец не думал, что он выберет эту комнату. 4. Все знали, что мы не придем в воскресенье. 5. Наш учитель сказал, что для успешного изучения иностранных языков нужна хорошая память. 6. Мы еще не решили, кто пойдет на конференцию. 7. Никто не знал, что у него есть только одна карта Англии. 8. Мальчик надеялся, что его возьмут в кино. 9. Все ученики знали, что мой сын много работает над английским. 10. Кто-то спросил, кто будет жить с ним в этой комнате. 11. Я полагал, что окончательный выбор будет сделан позже. 12. Ему сказали, что все студенты пошли в лекционный зал. 13. Джон обнаружил, что книга исчезла. 14. Все полагали, что у него есть братья и сестры. 15. Он ответил, что еще не обедал. 16. Учитель спросил, кто хочет отвечать. 17. Елена не была уверена, что сможет подготовиться к докладу завтра.
IV. Переделайте следующие предложения, заменив прямую речь косвенной.
Образцы: а) Нe said: «She will come tomorrow.» He said (that) she would come the next day.
b) She said to me; «I am busy.» She told me (that) she was busy.
c) They asked me: «Do you speak French?» They asked me whether (if) I spoke French.
d) My father asked me: «When did you leave home yesterday?»
My father asked me when I had left home the day before.
e) The boy said: «Bring me some water.» They boy asked to bring him some water.
1. She answered: «I did not work day and night.» 2. I asked her: «Will you come to see us to-morrow?» 3. The doctor said: «I shall apply for this post.» 4. He asked me: «Is there only one hotel in the town?» 5. I answered: «He shares the room with his brother.» 6. They asked us: «Where did you come from?» 7. We answered: «He did not spend the evening with us.» 8. Jane said: «Wait for me, at the school entrance.» 9. He asked: «When did you have lunch to-day?» 10. The girl said to them: «Stop talking.» 11. The professor asked the students: «Are you ready to listen to the lecture?». 12. A young man asked the policeman: «How can I get to London University?» 13. She asked me: «Shall we get off the bus at the next stop?» 14. The old woman asked us: «Where did you go yesterday?» 15. The grandmother asked me: «Did you go to school last year?» 16. My father said: «You can buy a new coat next year.» 17. She said: «I am good at languages.» 18. The boy said «I have never eaten such a dish in my life.»
Прочтите текст. Задайте вопросы к тексту.
The Lost Gold Piece
Once a rich merchant arranged dinner for poor people, ex-soldiers. Mr. Lebeau was among the guests. After dinner Grandin, the host, showed his guests a large gold coin. Each man examined it with interest as it passed around the long table. However, talking and drinking the men soon forgot all about the coin. Later on the guests were about to leave the house. Grandin thought of the coin and asked for it. But the coin was gone. The village lawyer being one of the guests suggested that everybody should be searched. All at once agreed but Lebeau. His friends looked at him with surprise. «I cannot allow it» he said. «I did not steal the coin. I will not allow anybody to search me», he repeated. One by one the rest turned out their pockets but the coin was not found. Lebeau would not turn out his pocket though his friends were persuading him to. It seemed suspicious to everybody. From that day on nobody respected Lebeau.
A few years passed. When this episode had become almost legendary, Grandin decided to rebuild his house. A workman found the gold coin between .two planks of the floor of the room in which the dinner had taken place.
Grandin hurried to Lebeau's poor home and told him that he had found the coin and apologized for having suspected him. «But why did you not allow us to search you if you. had not taken the coin?» he asked.
Lebeau answered: «Because I was a thief all the same. For weeks my family and I had not enough to eat and my pockets were full of food that I had taken from the table to carry home for my wife and hungry children»
Notes
coin – монета to persuade - убеждать
to respect – уважать to apologize - извиниться
to search – обыскивать suspicious - подозрительный
plank – половица to suspect - подозревать
Lesson 14
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X-Rays
Have you ever thought about the time when there was no radio, when flying was a dream of inventors and the cinema was only one year old?
It was the time when the- first motor-cars had just appeared. As soon as they had been brought to England the English Government issued a special hill which was intended to protect the population against those horseless monsters. The bill stated that self-propelled, vehicles could venture on the public highway only when they were protected by a man carrying a red flag by day or a red light by night. According to the bill the speed of the vehicles was not to surpass four miles per hour.
In the closing month of 1895 an announcement appeared that a German professor, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, no one had ever heard of before, had discovered a new kind of invisible rays which could pass through clothes, skin and flesh and cast the shadow of the bones themselves on a photographic plate.
Can you imagine the impression this announcement produced at that time?
Let us see how Rontgen came to discover those all-penetrating rays. One day Rontgen was working in his laboratory with Crookes tube. Crookes had discovered that when he sealed two electric wires in a glass tube, pumped as much air as possible out of it and connected the wires to opposite electric poles, a stream of electric particles emerged out of the cathode, that is, the negative electric pole.
Rontgen was interested in the fact that these cathode rays, as they were then called, caused certain chemicals to glow1 in the dark when they were brought within a few inches of the window the rays were emerging through
On this particular day Rontgen, who was working in his darkened laboratory, enclosed his Crookes tube in a box made of thin black cardboaгd.
To make that this black box was light-proof Rontgen switched on the current to his tube to check that no light came through the box. No light did come through the box2, but to his puzzlement Rontgen noticed a strange glow. He thought it was merely his imagination and switched on the current again. And again he saw the glow at the far end of his bench. Still puzzled3 he drew back the curtain of the laboratory window and found that the glow had come from a small fluorescent screen which was lying at the far end of the bench.
Rontgen knew that cathode rays could not penetrate the cardboard mask he had made for his tube. Yet, here4 his fluorescent screen had been set aglow. If, as Rontgen was certain, the fluorescent effect was not due to the cathode rays, then what mysterious new rays were being caused by?
When Rontgen had found that the newly discovered rays which he called X-rays were able to penetrate the air much more strongly than the cathode rays, and even came through his cardboard box, he placed all sorts of opaque materials between the source of his X-rays and the fluorescent screen. He found that those rays passed through wood, thin sheets of aluminium, the flesh of his own hand and some other materials; but they were completely stopped by thin lead plates and partially stopped by the bones of his hand. When he had tested their effect on photographic plates he saw that they were darkened on exposure to the X-ray.
Rontgen was sure that his discovery would contribute much to the benefit of science, and indeed medicine was quick to realize5 the importance of Rontgen's discovery. Yet the medical exploitation of X-rays is not the only field of their application; X-rays arc increasingly used in industry as well.
Notes
| 1 caused certain chemicals to glow | – вызывали свечение |
| 2 no light did come through the box | – свет действительно не проникал через коробку |
| 3 still puzzled | – все еще удивляясь |
| 4 yet, here | – и все же |
| 5 medicine was quick to realize | – медики сразу поняли |
Vocabulary Exercises
I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What inventions preceded the discovery of X-rays? 2. What kind of device was Rontgen experimenting with? 3. What kind of device is the Crookes tube? 4. What phenomenon attracted Rontgen's attention while he was experimenting with the Crookes tube? 5. What did Rontgen notice when he switched on the current? 6. What puzzled Rontgen? 7. Where was the mysterious glow coming from? 8. What was the source of those mysterious rays? 9. Why did Rontgen call those all-penetrating rays X-rays? 10. What materials can X-rays penetrate? 11. By what materials are X-rays stopped? 12. What are the main fields of application of X-rays? 13. Did the discovery of X-rays contribute much to the development of science?
Grammar Exercises