Passive voice. The formation of the Passive Voice
Indefinite Tense.
to be + participle 2
Presentam _____ к asked (его спрашивают)
as
are ' ]/ spoken (о нем говорят)
Pastwas
were
asked (его спрашивали) spoken (о нём говорили)
Futurewill be asked (о нём будут говорить) Spoken (его спросят)
Continuous Tense.
to be + being + Participle 2
Presentam _____ к asked (его сейчас спрашивают)
| is |
being
are v spoken (о нем сейчас говорят)
| Pastwas |
asked (его в то время спрашивали)
being
were spoken (о нём в то время говорили)
Future- use Future Indefinite Passive.
Perfect Tense.
to have + been + Participle 2
Presenthave ____ f\ asked (его уже спросили)
been
has V spoken (о нём уже поговорили)
Pasthad been asked (его к тому времени уже спросили)
spoken (о нём к тому времени уже поговорили)
Futurewill have been asked(ero к этому времени уже спросят)
Spoken(o нём к этому времени уже поговорят)
Examples;
A lot of rice is eaten in Asia. These houses were built about 25 years ago. Our class will be taught by another teacher next year.
The little girl has been ill & the doctor says she mustn't go to school, so she is being taught at home. I couldnt use my car last week, it was being repaired. This room hasnt been sw<;pt for 2 weeks. By the 2005 many actresses who are famous today will have been forgotten. Note;
The film was much spoken about О фильме много говорят.
The doctor was sent for. За доктором послали.
He is often laughed at. Над ним часто смеются.
Структура предложения в Passive
Active: S -------------------- ^ О
субъект объект
Passive: О "^--------------------- „
объект
субъект
О-Кого? Что? Кому? Чему?
e.g. The house was built by my grandfather. It was destroyed by fire.
The room was filled with smoke. The wood can be cut with a knife.
Exercise;
Подставьте недостающий вспомогательный глагол:
I. The telegram______ sent at five o'clock yesterday.
2.The shops ------- opened at 8 in the morning.
3 . A lot of houses ____ been built in our town this year.
4.His parents ____ been married 5 years when he was bom.
5 .All his documents lost during the war.
6.Close the door, please, little Jane_____ being washed.
7.His speech is______ translated for the foreign guests now.
8.This museum_____ closed next summer.
9.How long has this stadium -------- built?
10. The construction of the bridge____ been finished before winter comes.
I1. He couldnt do anything when he knew he_______ being watched.
2. Exercise;
Поставьте предложения в Passive Voice где это возможно:
1 .Someone will drive you to the airport
2.The Egyptians built pyramids. 3 .They arrived at 7 last night 4.They informed me aboutit. 5.1 slept H8.
6 He is late again.
7. It's raining.
8.They have sold their car to pay the debts.
9.They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week
1 O.They owe alot ofmoney to the bank.
3. Exercise:
Задайте вопрос, указанный в скобках:
1. Such books are sold in special shops. (In what shops?)
2. Everybody has been sent an invitation. (What)
3 .His speech was being listened to with great interest. (How)
4. A lot of experiments are being made by them in the laboratory. (Where)
5. These products were being sold in the shop all year round. (When)
6. The picture was spoilt by fire. (How)
7. Such questions are often raised by students. (Whom)
8. The new film was being demonstrated in that cinema the whole week. (What cinema)
9. The money will be spent on food, (on what)
10. A four-day holiday has been promised to me by my chief, (to whom)
EXERCISES FOR TRAINING.
Exercise I.
Составьте предложение в Passive Voice.
l.(a sound of violin/hear/in the hall)
2.(he, praise/his father/work hard)
3 . ( Bob/ look for/his brother)
4.(I/wake up/at 7/my mother)
5.(The envelope/find/on my desk)
6.(This book/buy/a week ago)
7.(The picture/paint/great artist)
8.(The window/break/the other day)
9.(The letter/post/tomorrow)
10.(Your report/discuss/next week)
1 l.(The time-table/change/in a week)
12.(We/meet/at the station/Tom)
13.(The letter/bring/recently)
14. (milk/spill/just/Jack)
15.(This cup/break/my little brother)
16.(The lecturer/ask/question/about Dryzer)
17.(I/lend/this book/last Tuesday)
18.(his lecture/listen to/with great interest)
19.(The doctor/send for)
20.(this article/refer to/often)
Exercise II.
Откройте скобки, используя соответствующую форму глагола в Passive Voice:
l.Dictionares not(use) at the exam.
2.I'm not wearing my black shoes today they(mend).
3.The damaged buildings (reconstruct) now, the reconstruction (finish) by the end
. of the year.
4.The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month.
5.Normally this street (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday.
6.She is very selfish, she (spoil) by her parents.
7.This purse (leave) in a classroom yesterday, it (find) by the cleaner.
8.The children are very excited this morning. They (take) to the circus this
afternon. 9.You can't come in. She (to interview) for the TV.
I O.You can't use the office at the moment, it (redecorate).
I1 .The house (lock up) before they set off.
12.The place looked wonderful. Everything (prepare) for the ball.
13.Evidently the tea (sweeten) before I put sugar into it.
14.This book (write) many years ago, but it still (read) with great interest.
15. This museum (visit) by thousands people every year.
16.1 didn't knowtetheletter(lose).
17. All tiie books from the library (return) by the end of the term.
18.When she entered the classroom, the last student (examine).
19. She had tie feeling uiatshe(watch).
2 0. When my parents were bom, television (not invent) yet!
Exercise III.
Ответьте на вопросы, используя Passive Voice:
1 .When win the secretary mail this letters? (tomorrow).
2.Have you sent a telegram to you parents yet? (already)
3 .What is the pupil drawing? (the picture)
4.Have you bought some bread? (not yet)
5.What do the people usually drink in England? (tea)
6.Where did the mother buy this medicine? (in the pharmacy)
7.How long was the father making this scheme yesterday (5 hours)
8.What answers had she written before the end of the lesson? (to the questions)
9.Who woke you up so early last morning? (my mother)
10. Whom have you given my book? (my friend)
11. What are they showing in that hall? (a new method)
12. Has your brother accepted an invitation to the cocktail party? (already)
13. Why didn't you come yesterday to Pete's birthday party? (not invite)
14. What have you lost? (my keys)
15. What were the children listening to with great interest? (aiairy-tail)
Exercise ГУ.
Откройте скобки, используя правильную форму в Active или Passive Voice:
1.Soon the plane (lose) in the clouds.
2.When the little houses (leave) far behind, he (hurry) along the road.
3 .When he (b e) 23 years old, Paul Morel (send) in a landscape to the winter picture show at
Nottingham Castle.
4.His picture already (admire) greatly & (talk) much about. 5.He is not afraid of difficulties. He never (lose) his head. 6.As he spoke his voice (rise) in excitement. 7.One morning the young postman (come) just as Paul (wash) in
the kitchen.
8.The front door of his,house (unlock) as he (leave) it. 9.MtsFripp(come)to irfoimhertectameralready(serve).
10.His phrase (greet) by a strange laugh from a student who (sit) near Hie wall. 11 .A note (bring) in, addressed to Eleanor, & (put) on the table to await her.
12. Suddenly Paul (hear) a loud cry that (come) from the front doer.
13. Not a single voice (raise) against him, everybody was sure he was right.
14.He (leave) his home town in 1970.
15. The stillness in the room (break) only a clock upon the wall.
16. When the door (close) old Jolyon (drop) his paper & (stare) long & anxiously in front ofrrim.
17.Finallyhisname(call) & the boy (push) forward to her.
18. It almost (break) her heart to leave the old home.
19. But when autumn (come) the cows (drive) home from the grass.
2 0. At lunch nothing (discuss) but the latest news.
21. She (tap) on the door. John (open) i t.
2 2. Anyone who (want) to visit the country (walk) across the mountain!?, or (carry) by porters.
2 3. The building of the road (finish) a few years ago.
2 4. This road (run) through very beautiful country a lot of which (cover) with thick forest
25 .Look! There's nothing here. Everything (take) away.
Exercise V.
Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на Passive Voice:
I. М у bicycle was stolen two weeks ago.
2.He was given a ten days' leave.
3.They were told to wait
4 A beautiful melody was being played'all that night
5. When Tom was young, he was taught 2 languages.
6.The houses are built of stone, brick & wood.
7My brother hadjust been offeredaverygoodjob.
8.As I hadn't been told the exact time of my appointment I was late.
9.HeV&s being listened to in suence as he was speaking about interesting fhini^s.
10. The children are always looked after very carefully.
I1. His pictures were looked at with admiration.
12. He is spoken about with warmth.
13. She always feels uncomfortable when she is looked at in such manner.
14. The engineer was given 2 days to think the matter over.
15. When we watched TV last night, the people were being killed all the film on the screen.
16.The new worker will be shown his new working place tomorrow.
17. By the end of the day I hadn't been given any explanations about my sal ay yet
18. The lecturer was thanked for his discussion.
Exercise VL
Переведите предложение на английский язык, используя Active и Passive Voice:
I Новая модель была показана на выставке.
2. В библиотеке ему предложили ряд статей на эту тему. 3.Почему вам запретили играть в футбол? 4.Когда вам продиктовали это письмо?
5В этот год как раз строилась школа, когда нас перевели в этот район
6.Мне много раз повторяли, что мне надо бростъ курить.
7.Дверь открыла пожилая женщина, и Джейн ввели в маленькую гостиную. 8.ЕЙ дадут квартиру в этом доме.
9 После лекции профессору целый час задавали вопросы.
10. Его выбор был всеми одобрен.
I1 .Мне рассказывали о нём уже несколько раз до того, как его мне представили.
12. Нам прочитали его письмо вслух.
13.Мальчику купили новое пальто до того, как его приняли в школу.
14. Детей поведут в театр в воскресенье.
15 .Яблоко разрезано на 4 части.
1 6 . Мне заплатили за перевод статьи сто рублей, и они были потрачены на покупку
новой книги.
17. У него было такое чувство, что за ним кто-то идёт. 18. Что объясняли группе, когда вы присоединились к ним?
1 9. Его слушали с таким интересом, что никто не заметил, как я вошла
2 0. У меня украли коллекцию марок, поэтому со мной беседовали в полиции целый час.
Exercise УП.
Исправьте предложения, которые даны в неправильном залоге:
1 was thinking that I was married
2. Everybody understood that new plan of construction was wrong.
3.She was envied by everybody.
4.1 can talking many times how to do i t, but anyhow I didn't understand it
5. The filrn is being showed that's why it is dark here.
6 .1 hajBnentioned about this fact by my chief.
7. The cup of coffee was offered me with sugar & milk.
8. They were described to us the life in this place.
9. The letters were rewrite several times yesterday, so much paper wels lost.
10 .Among other things he was repeated the same thing to them once: more.
11. He was teaching English, when he was a child.
12 .People always laughed at his jokes.
13 .She likes when people are talked about her.
14. These papers have been looked through this morning.
15.Nobody has been heard a single sound.
1 6. He was give three days more to finish the work.
17. You will laugh if you put on this hat.
18. The life of the poor people described in many novels of the writer.
19.1 wasrmjmisedafourdayholidaysbymy chief 20. They were lost as they hadnt shown the way.
Exercise УШ.
Составьте ситуативный диалог, используя Passive Voice.
Thursday School
(after RoaWDahl)
The next day was Thursday. Something terrible happened on that Thursday morning after my father had left me at the school gate. We were having our first lesson with a teacher called Captain Lancaster. He had carrot-colored hair and a fiery temper. He had been a captain in the army during the war against Hitler and that was why he still called himself Captain Lancaster instead of just plain Mister. We were all terrified of him. He used lo sit at his desk watching us, searching for trouble. He gave us a lot of multiplication sums to work out in our exercise books. My friend Sidney Morgan, silting next to me, covered his mouth with his hand and whispered softly to me: "What arc eight nines?" "Seventy two", I whispered back.
Captain Lancaster looked up and shouted: "You. stand up!" "Me, sir?", I said. "Yes, you, you little idiot! You were talking! What were you saying?" I kept silent. "Please, sir", Sidney said. "It was my fault. I asked him a question". "And what exactly did you ask him?" the teacher said, speaking more quietly now and more dangerously. "I asked him what arc eight nines", Sidney said. "And I suppose you answered him?" "Yes, sir", I said. "So you were cheating!" he said, "both of you come up here!" As I walked towards the desk I knew exactly what was going to happen. I had seen it happen to others many times but up until now, it had never happened to me. Captain Lancaster look a long and very thin cane from the top of the shelf. "You first", lie said, "hold out your left hand". It was almost impossible to believe that this man was about to injure me physically. The long white cane went up high in the air and came down on my hand with a crack and about two seconds later I felt the burning pain. I managed not to cry out loud but I couldn't keep the tears from pouring down my checks. Then I heard another crack and I knew that poor Sidney had just got it as well.
When I got home from school that afternoon, my father immediately saw my swollen hand. "What's happened to your hand?" "It's nothing!" I answered. "Was it Captain Lancaster?" he cried. I told him everything. His face became whiter and whiter. "I'll kill him", he promised taking his Jacket from the peg on the wall and putting it on. "No, Dad. forget it, it won't do any good!" "I've got to" he said. "I'll bet they did it to you when you were at school", I said. "Of course they did". "And I bet your Dad didn't go risking to kill the teacher who did it". "No, Danny, he didn't", lie said softly. I helped him off with his jacket and hung it back on the peg. We never mentioned the subject again but just talked and talked and talked.
Exercise IX
1. Ответьте на вопросы
1. Did anything happen on that Thursday morning?
2. Captain Lancaster took part in the war, didn't he?
3. Was Captain Lancaster a kind man or was he a cruel man?
4. Who brought Danny to the school?
5. What kind of task did the teacher give the pupils?
6. Who was Denny silting with?
7. Why did Captain Lancaster gel furious?
8. How did the teacher punish the boys?
9. What was Denny's father going to do?
10. How did the day finish?
2. Выскажите свое мнение по следующим пунктам:
1. Captain Lancaster had such character because of his participation during the war.
2. The children were afraid of Captain Lancaster because they didn't behave themselves
correctly & that is why he always punished them, & besides they didn't know the subject
properly.
3. The boy's father was pitty for his son & was going to kill Captain Lancaster because he
was sure that his son couldn't do anything bad.
3. Обсудите ситуативные вопросы в классе, приведя свои аргументы:
1) Do you really believe that Captain Lancaster was s cruel man?
2) What do you think, could the boy's father really go to kill Captain?
3) What do you think, why didn't the boy's father go to Captain even to talk to
him?
4. Перескажите текст от лица:
Капитана Ланкастера, Синди, отца мальчика. При этом обоснуйте реакцию каждого говорящего по отношению к другим.