jet propulsion research group
group – группа
research group – группа для исследования
jet propulsion research group – группа для исследования реактивного движения
7. a)Read the text and substitute the underlined words and phrases with their synonyms from the box below.
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Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman to fly in space in 1963.
She didn’t (1)finish a university, because she had to help her mother support the family. She was a textile worker when she was selected (2)to take part in the Soviet Union cosmonaut program in 1962. She was the first cosmonaut who was not a pilot. She was (3)chosen mainly (4)because of her experience with parachute jumping. She had made more than a hundred jumps.
After 18 months of training, Tereshkova's Vostok 6 spacecraft was launched. On June 16, 1963 she went into orbit and in about 80 hours (more than three days) completed 48 orbits before returning to Earth. She parachuted from her (5)spacecraft as it fell to Earth. That is how the Vostok spacecraft (6)worked.
Her colleagues said that she (7)earned respect because of her enthusiasm and ambition, besides, she had great (8)organizational skills.
Tereshkova never flew in space again. She served in the Soviet parliament for a while.
(edited from http://www.astronautix.com)
b)Translate the text into Russian.
| You should remember the following words and phrases! | |
| to participate | принимать участие |
| managerial abilities | организаторские способности |
| decision-making | принятие решений |
| to deserve the credits | заслужить уважение |
| a weapon | оружие |
| space exploration | освоение космоса |
| to appoint | назначать |
| jet propulsion | реактивное движение |
| Deputy Chief | заместитель директора |
| cruise missile | крылатая ракета |
| manned vehicle | пилотируемое транспортное средство |
| to launch | запускать |
| space booster | ракета-носитель |
| artificial Earth satellites | искусственный спутник Земли |
| an interplanetary probe | межпланетная зондирующая ракета |
| authorities | власти |
| guidance | руководство |
| to operate | работать, управлять |
| to make contribution | сделать вклад |
| publically recognized | признанный |
Active voice – The subject performs the action
· The group of engineerslaunchedthe spacecraft.
Passive Voice – The subject receives the action
· The spacecraftwas launchedby the group of engineers.
Passive Voice is used when it is more important to stress the thing done rather than the doer, or when the doer is unknown. If the doer of the action or the instrument is mentioned, it is preceded by BY or WITH respectively.
| Tense | Form in Active Voice | Form in Passive Voice |
| Present Simple | V1, Vs /-,? do(does) | am/is/are +V3 |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are +Ving | am/is/are +being+V3 |
| Present Perfect | have/has+V3 | have/has+been+V3 |
| Present Perfect Cont. | have/has +been+Ving | - |
| Past Simple | V2(ed) /-/? did | was/were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | was/were + Ving | was/were + being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | had + been + V3 |
| Past Perfect Cont. | had + been +Ving | - |
| Future Simple | shall/will + V1 | shall/will + been + V3 |
| Future Continuous | shall/will + be + Ving | - |
| Future Perfect | shall/will + have + V3 | shall/will + have + been + V3 |
| Future Perfect Cont. | shall/will + have + been + Ving | - |
1. In the text (p. 3), underline all the predicates. Define the Voice.
2. Transform the Active Voice into Passive and vice versa.
a) Authorities have appointed Mr. Simon Deputy Chief of the space exploration program.
b) SSAU is publically recognized as the leading technical university in Russia.
c) I’m sure that our new manager will make a great contribution to the success of our organization.
d) The first artificial earth satellite was launched in 1957.
e) The team of engineers is testing the weapon at the moment.
f) The surface of the Moon has been explored by the interplanetary probes.
g) A new project will be presented by this research group.
h) In 1926 Korolev transferred his documents to the engineering college in Moscow.
i) Rocket weapons are being controlled by the leaders of the European Union.
j) Every year enthusiasts organize a research club in the laboratory.
3. Read the following text and out the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Active or passive Voice
“One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”
In July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong (1)__________ (to say) "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind". This was the day that men from the Earth first (2)__________ (to land) on the Moon. It was the culmination of years of research and development.
Neil Armstrong was born August 5, 1930 on a farm in Wapakoneta, Ohio. Neil (3)__________ (to work) at the local airport. After starting flying lessons at the age of 15, he (4)__________ (to give) a pilots license on his 16th birthday, before he had earned a driver's license.
Armstrong (5)__________ (to send) to Naval Air Station in Florida in 1949 before he (6)__________ (to graduate) from the university. He then (7) __________ (to flow) 78 combat mission in Korea, earning three medals, including the Korean Service Medal. Armstrong, being an engineer by training, (8)__________ (to criticize) by some of the non-engineering pilots, that his flying technique was too mechanical.
Then in September of 1963 he (9)__________ (to select) as the first American civilian to fly in space. Later Armstrong (10)__________ (to appoint) Command Pilot of the Apollo 11, which (11)__________ (to touch) down on the surface of the Moon on July 20, 1969. The American flag (12)__________ (to plant) on the surface by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.
The astronauts (13)__________ (to return) to the Earth on July 24, 1969. Armstrong and Aldrin (14)__________ (to award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
(edited from http://space.about.com)
4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
a) Ежегодно сотни исследовательских групп создаются властями для освоения космоса.
b) Первый пилотируемый космический аппарат был запущен 12 апреля 1961 года.
c) Этот молодой конструктор будет назначен заместителем руководителя группы по исследованию реактивного движения.
d) Проект по созданию нового ракетного оружия будет завершен к концу этого года.
e) Огромный вклад в развитие ракетно-космических технологий был сделан советскими космонавтами Юрием Гагариным и Владимиром Комаровым.
f) Русские были признаны первой нацией в мире, совершающей космические полеты.
g) Благодаря энтузиазму и организаторским способностям С.П. Королева крылатые ракеты, пилотируемые космические аппараты, ракеты-носители, искусственные спутники земли и межпланетные зондирующие ракеты были сконструированы и произведены в Советском Союзе.
h) Термин «пилотируемый» значит, что транспортное средство управляется человеком.
1. a) Work in groups of 2-3 people. Make a report on the biography of a famous cosmonaut or a designer and the contribution they made into the development of space exploration. You may choose to speak about:
Ø 
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Ø Kathryn Thornton
Ø Buzz Aldrin
Ø 
Vladimir Komarov
Ø Yury Gagarin
Ø Valentin Glushko
Ø Any other scientist you consider important
b) Choose one speaker from the group and make a two-minute presentation in the name of this person.
c) Prepare at least two questions to the other speakers.
By making notes you actively process and interpret ideas and information. This aids concentration and understanding so you learn more. Notes help identify main points and organize your ideas into a logical order.
1. Key words and phrases provide instructions about what to do; trigger your memory; lead on to other ideas / explanations. They must be easy to find within your notes. Highlight such words in the following text.
In June l967, Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. was named the first African-American astronaut, though he never made it into space. Several months later, on December 8, Lawrence died when his F-104 Starfighter jet, in which he was a co-pilot/passenger during a training flight, crashed at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. was born October 2, 1935, in Chicago. He received an undergraduate degree in chemistry from Bradley University in 1956, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant into the US Air Force upon graduation at age 20. Lawrence later earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1965 from Ohio State University.
Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. distinguished himself as an exceptional Air Force test pilot and was among the first to be named to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, which was a precursor to today's successful NASA space shuttle program.
In 1997, thirty years after his tragic death, the Chicago native son's name was the 17th added to The Astronauts Memorial Foundation Space Mirror. The mirror was dedicated in 1991 to honor all US astronauts who have lost their lives on space missions or in training for missions.
(taken from http://space.about.com)
2. Always write a heading or title to your notes. Give titles to the 4 paragraphs above.
3. Write notes in a logical order to show how ideas are related. The notes may be of two types: linear and patterned. Choose the one to your liking and complete it.
LinearPatterned
I. Brief Information
a) First Afro-American astronaut
b) never made it to space
c) died in a crash
II. Education
a)…
…
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4. Develop your own 'shorthand' using abbreviations and symbols. The following abbreviations could be useful:
e.g. – for example etc – and so on
i.e. – that is à so, therefore
< - less that aka – also known as
> - greater that
5. Make note on the text about S.P. Korolev (p.3) using the techniques above.
6. Be brief, but not so brief that your notes don't make any sense. You will need to read your notes in the future and should be able to understand what you have written. Be ready to retell the text about S.P. Korolev using the notes you have made.