DISTANCE DETERMINATION METHODS

CALENDAR PLAN

№№	Name of work stages	Performance period of work stages	Note
	Introduction with the thesis subject. Theme choosing	10.04.16	Done
	Investigation of distance determination methods	19.04.16	Done
	Main characteristics of a zimuthal omnidirectional beacon VOR-4000	29.04.16	Done
	Researching of Long-DME radio beacons Features of construction of ground beacons DME	12.05.16	Done
	Function and structure of the navigation channel signals VOR	25.05.16	Done
	Investigation of A Phase Detector and its main characteristics	1.06.16	Done
	Modeling of digital lowpass filter of phase detector	9.06.16	Done
	Electronic version of report	Before defense	Done

Student O.Matviychuk

Supervisor I.Prokopenko

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AB – Accumalator Bataries

AC – Aircraft

ACB – Accumulator Charges Box

AD – Amplitude Detector

AFD – Antenna Feedering Device

AI – Arrow Indicator

AM – Amplitude Modulation

Ap. C – Aperture Control

APR – Attenuator and Phase Rotator

AS – Antenna Switch

ATCT – Air Traffic Control Tower

BM – Balance Modulation

BSB – Box of Supplies Block

CB – Control Box

CME – Control Measuring Equipment

DAD – Distributed Antenna Device

DB – Distribution Board

DC – Directional Coupler

DMD – Difference Modulation Depth

DPD – Density of probabilities distribution

DS – Directional Section

F – Filter

GL – Glide Line

GPB – Glide Path Beacon

GS – Glide Slope

HFB – High Frequency Box

ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization

IHRB – Inner Homing Radio Beacon

ILS – Instrumental Landing System

ISF – Indentification Signal Former

L/LOC – Localizer

LF – Low Frequency

LFO – Low Frequency Oscillator

NC – Narrow Channel

OHRB – Outer Homing Radio Beacon

PD – Power Devider

PPI – Pointer Position Indicator

R – Rectifier

REE – Radoielectronic Equipment

RF – Radio Frequency

SDF – Sum and Difference Former

SMI – Sensor Measuring Information

T – Transmitter

TPC – Toleance Power Control

UHF – Ultra High Frequency

VHF – Very High Frequency

WC – Wide Channel

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….…..8

1. DISTANCE DETERMINATION METHODS…………………………...…….….9

1.1. Frequency method of distance measuring……………………………………….….9

1.2. Phase methods of distance determination………………………………………….12

2. AZIMUTHAL OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON VOR-4000…………15

2.1.Key Features of VOR-4000. Block diagram……………………………………....15

2.2.Long-DME radio beacons………………………………………………………....22

2.3. Distance Measuring Equipment system...…………………………………………25

2.4. DME Range measuring……………………………………………………………26

2.5. Equipment forming control signals and management……………………….......30

2.6. Function and structure of the navigation channel signals VOR……………..........35

3. PHASE DETECTOR AND ITS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS………………..45

3.1 Phase Detector Types……………………………………………………………...45

3.2. The operating principle of the channel bearing the phase measurement method...47

3.3. Phase detector computer modeling……………………………………...……..48

CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………………51

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………..53

INTRODUCTION

For radio systems range navigation and landing systems are providing positioning of the aircraft (aircraft) at a distance of 500 km with respect to the beacon, and the position of the aircraft relative to the runway while landing. Depending on the type of aircraft on board can be installed navigation and landing equipment or complex system of short-range navigation and landing.

The basis of short-range navigation systems (PRS) - a network of independent ground beacons (RM), which defines the parameters of the navigation. There are azimuth, long-range and long-range azimuthal beacons (RM), which is mounted on the ground and in the points corresponding to the characteristic parts of the airways. For RLS allocated plots the range of meter and decimeter waves, so their range of action is limited to a range of line of sight.

Navigation options range navigation systems - bearing and distance are determined on the aircraft with respect to the radio navigation points.

Types range navigation systems differ since the informative signal parameter used to determine navigation parameters, as well as the structure of the system as a whole. The most widely used system RSBN domestic and foreign ICAO standardized system VOR / DME.

DISTANCE DETERMINATION METHODS

Distance determination methods-it is the methods of establishing target distance and placement.

Types of ranging include echo,intermittent,manual,navigational,explosive echo,optical,radar,ect.

Members in the class of active ranging systems operate with unilateral transmission and passive reflections, as:

1. SONAR (= Sound Navigation And Ranging);

2. RADAR (= Radio Detection And Ranging) ;

3. LIDAR (= Light Detection And Ranging).

Special ranging makes use of actively synchronized transmission and travel time measurements, hence the time difference between several received signals is used to determine exact distances. This principle is used with SatNav, the Satellite Navigation class of systems. In conjunction with a standardized model of the Globe surface a certain location on the Globe may be determined with high accuracy. Ranging methods without accurate time synchronization of the receiver are called pseudorange, used e.g. in GPSpositioning.

With other systems ranging is obtained from passive radiation measurements only, hence the noise or radiation signature of the object is generating the signal that is computed for range. However such asynchronous method requires multiple measurements to obtain range by taking multiple bearings instead of appropriate scaling of active pings, otherwise the system is just capable to provide a simple bearing from any sole measurement.

Ranging is the term merely applying for distance metering with moving objects. Combining several metering results in a time sequence leads to tracking and tracing. Commonly used term for residing terrestrial objects is surveying.