Работа в парах. Со своим партнерам обсудите выдержку из доклада и составьте предложения по решению проблем, обозначенных в докладе из упражнения 6
| In my opinion… What I think is (that)… I feel (that)… I strongly believe (that)… Speaking of… To begin with,… First and foremost,… Our top priority is… But also important is… Aside from that ,… Last but not least | По моему мнению… Я думаю, что… Я полагаю (считаю), что… Я твердо убежден, что… Говоря о… Прежде всего… На первом месте, прежде всего, во-первых Наиважнейшим является… Важным является также… Помимо этого,… Последний по счету, но не менее важный |
Unit 4
JUDICIAL BRANCH OF AMERICA
1. Прочитайте текст и найдите ответы на следующие вопросы:
What is the judicial system in the United States made of?
Why are there two court systems in the United States?
Do both court systems have similar jurisdictions?
TEXT 4
THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES
The judicial system in the United States is unique insofar as it is actually made up of two different court systems: the federal court system and the state court systems. While each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact. Furthermore, solving legal disputes and vindicating legal rights are key goals of both court systems.
The U.S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as federalism. Federalism refers to a sharing of powers between the national government and the state governments. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the rest for the states. Therefore, while the Constitution states that the federal government is supreme with regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states remain supreme in matters reserved to them. This supremacy of each government in its own sphere is known as separate sovereignty, meaning each government is sovereign in its own right.
Both the federal and state governments need their own court systems to apply and interpret their laws. Furthermore, both the federal and state constitutions attempt to do this by specifically spelling out the jurisdiction of their respective court systems.
For example, since the Constitution gives Congress sole authority to make uniform laws concerning bankruptcies, a state court would lack jurisdiction in this matter. Likewise, since the Constitution does not give the federal government authority in most matters concerning the regulation of the family, a federal court would lack jurisdiction in a divorce case. This is why there are two separate court systems in America. The federal court system deals with issues of law relating to those powers expressly or implicitly granted to it by the U.S. Constitution, while the state court systems deal with issues of law relating to those matters that the U.S. Constitution did not give to the federal government or explicitly deny to the states.
Закончите предложения в соответствии с текстом, выбрав один из вариантов.
1. The judicial system of the US is made of __________________
a) the federal court system
b) the state court system
c) the federal court system and the state court systems
2. Key goals of both court systems are ______________________
a) punishing offenders for committing crimes and resolving civil disputes
b) making laws and introducing then into force
c) solving legal disputes and vindicating legal rights
3. The U.S. Constitution created a governmental structure known as __________________
a) federalism
b) separation of powers
c) separate sovereignty
4. This supremacy of each government in its own sphere is known ____________________
a) federalism
b) separation of powers
c) separate sovereignty
5. Both federal and state court systems have _________________
a) a right to resolve the same legal issues
b) a right to transfer any case from any federal court to any state court
c) a right to resolve legal issues within the jurisdiction of the respective court systems