THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
SEMESTER 2
Для успешного выполнения контрольной работы N2 необходимо изучить следующий грамматический материал:
Future Indefinite - Future Continuous
If and When Clauses
Modal verbs: ought to, shall, should
Numerals
Comparison: as...as/than
Nouns (uncountable), articles with uncountable nouns
Much, many
Some, any, no (somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing)
TEST 2 (Variant A)
1. Read the text:
HOW BELARUS IS GOVERNED
Under the Constitution of 1994 the Republic of Belarus is a unitary democratic social legal state. The Republic of Belarus possesses supreme and absolute power on its territory, it independently exercises its home and foreign policy. The power in the Republic of Belarus is exercised on the basis of its separation into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The state bodies are independent within the limits of their authority: they interact, restrain and balance each other (the system of checks and balances).
The principle of the supremacy of law is established in the country. (1)The State, all its bodies and officials act within the Constitution and laws adopted according to it. (2)The Republic of Belarus recognizes the priority of universally recognized principles of international law and provides the correspondence of the national law to these principles. (3)The citizens of the Republic aged 18 and above enjoy the right to elect and to be elected to governmental bodies on the basis of general, equal, direct or indirect suffrage by secret ballot.
The President of the Republic of Belarus is the Head of the State. He is the guarantor of the Constitution, the rights and freedoms of people and citizens. The term of office of the President is five years.
* The supreme legislative power of the Republic is Parliament - The National Assembly. It consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. The term of office of the National Assembly is four years. The supreme executive power of the Republic is the Council of Ministers. The head of the Council is the Prime Minister. The supreme judicial power is the Supreme Court of the Republic. (4)The Constitutional Court checks the constitutionality of laws and the acts of the government. The local governmental bodies comprise councils of deputies and executive bodies. The local councils are legislative bodies. The members of the local councils are elected for the term of four years while the heads of the executive bodies are appointed by the President. There are regional and district courts at the local level, which are local judicial bodies.
2. Translate the marked (*) paragraph into Russian.
3. Put questions to the numbered sentences using the prompts:
1. General, Disjunctive.
2. What principles...? What...?
3. What right...? Alternative.
4. What...?
4. Use the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous:
1. This time tomorrow we (to fly) home. 2. I think my friends (to come) to the presentation of my wife’s book. 3. This box looks very heavy. I (to help) you with it. 4. Don’t even try to call him at 9 tonight, he (to watch) a match on TV. 5. Don’t worry, Tom. You (to pass) your exams. 6. According to the weather forecast it (to rain) tomorrow and it (to rain) the whole week and we (not/to be able) to hike.
5. Put questions using the words in brackets:
1. They will meet you at the railway terminus. (Who? When? Where?)
2. Mike will be waiting for you at his parents’ tomorrow at 9 a.m. (Alternative, General)
3. Marks and Spencer won’t close their shops down. (Why? Disjunctive)
6. Open the brackets:
1.I (to help) you with these letters if you (to find) a typewriter. 2. When you (to start) your work next week I still (to bask) in the sun. 3. What you (to do) if the car (to break down). 4. I don’t know whether they (to send) that cheque to the bank. 5. Their work (to be) good for nothing if they (to work) like this. 6. I just want to know when you (to be ready) with this grammar test.
7. Insert articles where necessary:
1. ...Lawyers are paid more than ... teachers. 2. I prefer ... classical music to ... pop music. 3. ... Life would be much easier without ... lawyers. 4. Are you interested in ... art or in ... architecture? 5. Did you like ... coffee we had yesterday after dinner? 6. I heard Mr Jackson was arrested by ... police. 7. I usually drink ... tea, because it is much cheaper than ... coffee. 8. I liked the film but ... music was awful.
8. Use much or many:
1. It is a little town, there isn’t ... to do. 2. How ... books do you have in your library? 3. He doesn’t drink ... coffee. 4. The pressmen didn’t ask him ... questions. 5. How ... time have we got before the train starts? 6. There is too ... sugar in this tea. 7. We didn’t take ... photographs in London.
9. Use some, any, no (nobody, nothing, etc.)
1. He couldn’t get help, there was ... around. 2. Do you have ... money on you? 3. Open the door, please. ... is knocking. 4. Did you see ... on the parking yesterday at 9 p. m? Yes, I saw ... people, but I didn’t recognise ... . 5. It was so dark, that I could see ... . 6. Sorry, but we have ... vacancies for you at the moment.
10. Choose the proper preposition from those in brackets:
1. He got used to count (on, at, for) himself. 2. They often refer (on, for, to) this article. 3. He was accused (in, for, of) robbery. 4. They couldn’t object (-, from, to) Mr Blake’s participation in the jury. 5. Before you make any decision you should talk (with, to, at) him. 6. We’ll have to insist ( to, on, at) the following amendments. 7. You have deprived me (from, of, -) the pleasure to defend him. 8. All his attempts ended (with, in, at) failure. 9. We have an enormous demand ( of, for, in) lawyers. 10. You should never judge people (on, by, at) appearances.
TEST 2 (Variant B)
1. Read the text:
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British constitution is formed by statutes, by common law and by practices and precepts (conventions). (1)There are three organs of government in the constitution: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The Crown is the supreme power in these three branches. (2)The Queen calls and dissolves Parliament, she opens a new session with a speech from the throne. The Queen confers honours and appoints judges, army officers, diplomats, and officials of the Church of England.
* Parliament consists of two houses - the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons consists of 650 members. The term of the Commons is five years. The speaker presides in the House. (3)Members of the House of Commons belong to one of the British political parties. The party that wins the majority of parliamentary seats forms a government with the party leader as prime minister.
The House of Lords has more than 1,100 members. These include hereditary peers, life peers, law lords and archbishops and senior bishops of the Church of England. It is not an elective body.
* The functions of Parliament are to make laws, to appropriate money for various state purposes, and to provide a forum for debate. Legislation is initiated by the introduction of bills in either house. (4)Finance bills can only be introduced in the Commons. The Lords cannot interfere with a money bill or with a bill that has been passed by the Commons in two consecutive sessions.
The head of the government is the prime minister. The prime minister selects a Cabinet of ministers. The Cabinet develops the government’s policies and exercises control over government departments. Ministers are responsible for the work of those departments.
Local government is carried out by locally elected councils. There are numerous administrative divisions (counties, boroughs, districts, parishes), each with its own council. These councils are responsible for garbage disposal, water supplies, sewerage, and street cleaning. They also administer the police, fire services, education, health services and housing.
The judiciary is independent of the legislature and the executive. The system has civil and criminal divisions, and uses the jury system for trying persons accused of serious crimes. The courts most often used for civil cases are county courts. Cases that involve large sums of money are heard in one of the divisions of the High Court of Justice. There is a Court of Appeal, from which a further appeal is possible to the House of Lords. Criminal cases involving minor offences are tried in magistrate’s courts.
2. Translate the marked (*) paragraphs into Russian:
3. Put questions to the numbered sentences using the prompts:
1. How many...? General.
2. Who...? What...?
3. Disjunctive.
4. What house...? Alternative.
4. Use the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous:
1. This time tomorrow I (to pass) my driving test. 2. I think Mr Hogarth (to accept) the invitation. 3. According to the weather forecast it (to rain) tomorrow and it (to rain) the whole week and we (not/to be able) to hike. 4. They (to remit) the mentioned sum by SWIFT. 5. Sorry, I (not/can) to attend your lecture next Monday, I (to be) busy the whole day. 6. I’m sure I (to enjoy) my vacations at the seaside. 7. I (to give) you a lift if you don’t mind.
5. Put questions using the words in brackets:
1. Marks and Spencer won’t close their shops down. (Why? Disjunctive)
2. The delegation will bring new proposals on Croatia problem. (What? General)
3. They will be enjoying the party: Margaret will see to it. (Will? What? Why?)
6. Open the brackets:
1. They (to accept) your proposal if the conditions (to suit) them. 2. When the police (to arrive) at the crime scene the offenders (to drive) fast to some remote place. 3. If you (not/to pay) your debt tomorrow they (can) to sue you. 4. When the hearing (to be over) they (not/to leave) the room, they (to discuss) the agenda for the next session. 5. What measures we (to take) if the situation (to become) unpredictable? 6. I shall know when they (to ship) the cargo.
7. Insert articles where necessary:
1. ... Life would be much easier without ... crime. 2. Are you interested in ... music or in ... painting? 3. Did you like ... man we met yesterday at the presentation? 4. I liked the film but ... music was awful. 5. John has gone to ... school to meet his wife after ... meeting she attended there. 6. When I studied at ... school I hated ... History. 7. ... Indifference and ... pride look very much alike. 8. Can you pass me ... salt, please? Sure, I don’t take ... salt at all.
8. Use much or many:
1. There isn’t ... work in the office today. 2. How ...employees work for this firm? 3. This job doesn’t require ... experience. 4. He will not ask you ... questions during the interview. 5. How ... free space have we got on the drive C of the computer? 6. There are too ... boring people around.
9. Use some, any, no (nobody, nothing, etc.):
1. ... has broken into the insurance agency. 2. Do you have ...to help you? 3. What is that noise? Is ... knocking at the door? 4. He has just moved to this area, so he knows ... here. 5. Collin, will you send ... here to give me ... help? 6. Just leave me alone! I want ... from you! 7. He has received ... salary this month, so he wants to borrow ... money from me.
10. Choose the proper preposition from those in brackets:
1. I don’t intend to object (-, from, to) these proposals. 2. I must admit that I’m quite satisfied (by, at, with) your draft. 3. They were accused (in, for, of) counterfeit. 4. He counts too much (on, at, for) his assistant. 5. You should talk (with, to, at) him, he knows the subject very well. 6. I think they will insist (to, on, at) some amendments concerning the terms of payment. 7. We shall be back home (at, after, in) two weeks. 8. If you have any problem refer (on, for, to) this instruction.
TEST 2 (Variant C)
1. Read the text:
THE USA GOVERNMENT
Under the Constitution, the federal government of the USA is divided into three branches, each chosen in a different manner, each able to check and balance the others.
* The executive branch is headed by the president, who is chosen in nation-wide elections every four years. The elective process for a US president is unique. (1)Americans vote for slates of presidential electors equal to the number of senators and representatives each state has in Congress. The candidate with the highest number of votes in each state wins all the electoral votes of that state. The presidential candidate needs 270 electoral votes to be elected. Any natural-born American who is 35 years old or older may be elected to this office. The president proposes bills to Congress, enforces federal laws, serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and, with the approval of the Senate, makes treaties and appoints federal judges, ambassadors and other members of the executive departments. Each head of an executive department holds the title of a secretary and together they form a council called the Cabinet.
The legislative branch is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The 435 seats in the House of Representatives are allocated on the basis of population, every state has at least one representative. (2)Each state elects two members of the 100-member Senate: a senator’s term of office is six years.
Both houses must approve a bill for it to become law, but the president may veto, or refuse to sign it. If so, Congress reconsiders the bill. (3)If two-thirds of the members of both houses then approve it, the bill becomes law without the president’s signature.
The judicial branch is made up of federal district courts (at least one in very state, total number - 91), 11 federal courts of appeals and, on top, the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by president with the approval of the Senate; the appointments are for life. Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts between states, between citizens of different states. (4)An American who feels he has been evicted under an unjust law may appeal his case to the Supreme Court, which may rule that the law is unconstitutional.
2. Translate the marked (*) paragraph into Russian:
3. Put the questions to the numbered sentences using the prompts:
1. What...? Disjunctive.
2. How many...? Alternative.
3. When...? General.
4. Where...?
4. Use the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous:
1. What you (to do) tomorrow at 5 o’clock? 2. Don’t worry. I (to try) to take a loan from the bank. 3. This work needs some skill. Wait, I (to help) you. 4. It will be very difficult to contact him: he ( to write) his monthly report. 5. I promise that they (to deliver) the required equipment next Tuesday. 6. I expect Mr Beet (to inform) you about the time of his arrival.
5. Put questions using the words in brackets:
1. The inspector will arrive at the hotel at 13.30. (Who? When? Where?)
2. He will be having lunch with Mr Richardson at 12. (Alternative, General)
3. They will not dare to rob the bank in broad daylight. (Why? Disjunctive)
6. Open the brackets:
1. I (to be) surprised if she (to come) to work in time. 2. While you (to show) our guests around the building I (to book) a table for dinner. 3. What you (to tell) her if she (to ask) the money back? 4. If he (not/to show up) in five minutes he (to be) fired. 5. I don’t know whether they (to manage) to remit the sum tomorrow. 6. When you (to arrive) in Paris I (to slave) on my diploma.
7. Insert articles where necessary:
1. Julia has ... confidence in his brother. 2. Their mistake was that they didn’t think ... problem had ... real importance. 3. You should have asked Mr Craig for ... advice. 4. John is out, he is having ... coffee at ... cafeteria. 5. My friend is ... man of ... decision and he has ... experience. 6. ... Curiosity kills ... cat. 7. He looks at people with ... interest. 8. ... Attention he paid to that minor discrepancy was surprisingly great.
8. Use much or many:
1. We must be ready tomorrow morning, not ... time is left. 2. How ... printer paper should I buy? 3. She doesn’t send ... letters, so she doesn’t need ... postage money. 4. Will this project create ... jobs? 5. They don’t invite ... guests to their receptions. 6. They won’t have ... work next week: the boss is leaving.
9. Use some, any, no (nobody, nothing, etc.)
1. When I entered the room there was ... there, but I swear I heard ... voices. 2. She was out shopping but she bought ... . 3. Did you see ... car in the street? Yes, there were ... cars, but none of them was red. 4. What’s the noise? I think ... has dropped ... in the room next to ours. 5. Did she tell ...? No, she didn’t. How could she tell ... if she had been miles away from the crime scene?
10. Choose the proper preposition from those in brackets:
1. We have arranged to meet (on, in, at) the end of the street. He will be waiting (at, on, in) the corner. 3. You must be present (on, at, in) the conference. 4. Grant saw Molly as soon as he went (to, in, into) the room. 5. He usually gets (at, in, to) the office (on, by, in) car. 6. The train left (in, on, with) time. 7. He sent me a cheque (with, on, for) $65 for the work done. 8. She took the advantage (of, in, at) staying alone (in, at, into) the office and telephoned (to, -, at) all her friends.
TEST 2 (Variant D)
1. Read the text:
THE USA
The United States of America stretch from the Atlantic seaboard, across the rich flat central Plains, over the Rocky Mountains to the fertile, densely populated West Coast. The continental United States with Alaska and Hawaii covers 9,372,614 square kilometres. In area, it is the third largest nation in the world (behind Canada and China).
(1) America is a land of physical contrasts. The southern parts of Florida, Texas, California and the entire state of Hawaii have warm temperatures year round. Most of the United States is in the temperate zone, with four distinct seasons, while the northern states and Alaska have extremely cold winters. The land varies from heavy forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep canyons.
The United States is also a land of bountiful rivers and lakes. The northern state of Minnesota, for example, is known as the land of 10,000 lakes. The broad Mississippi River system is the world’s third longest river after the Nile and the Amazon. The five Great Lakes make the world’s largest inland water transportation route and the biggest body of fresh water in the world.
(2) The USA has a highly developed agriculture. American farmers plant wheat on the cold western Plains; raise corn, wheat and beef cattle in the Midwest and rice in Louisiana. Florida and California are famous for their vegetable and fruit production, and the cool, rainy Northwestern states are known for apples, pears, berries and vegetables.
*(3) Underground, a wealth of minerals provides a solid base for American industry. America’s yearly production of gold is $1,374.700,000. It is far exceeded by the value of its petroleum, natural gas, clays, phosphates, lead and iron. The production value of crude oil alone is about $39 thousand million annually.
* The American economy is a free enterprise system. Together, all sectors of the American economy produce almost $4,527 thousand million dollars worth of goods and services annually. (4) The government plays an important role in the US economy. The federal government strongly supports the development of transportation. America’s 50 states have been most active in building roads and in the field of education. Despite the fact that the U.S. government supports many segments of the nation’s economy, economists estimate that the public sector accounts for only one-fifth of American economic activity.
2. Translate the marked (*) paragraphs into Russian.
3. Put questions to the numbered sentences using the prompts:
1. What kind ...? Disjunctive.
2. General.
3. What ...? What ... for?
4. Why ... ? Alternative.
4. Use the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous:
1. I think I (to cope) with the problem myself. 2. Unfortunately, tomorrow at 5 o’clock I (to fly) to New York, so I (not/can) to be at your birthday party. 3. I (to write) a letter to Mr Horn. I (to send) your best regards to him, Mike? 4. He probably (to arrive) at Victoria station. 5. Tom (not/to hold) his post for long: he does not suit it. 6. You (to use) your computer tomorrow morning?
5. Put questions using the words in brackets:
1. Mr Jackson will be waiting for you in his office at 11 p.m. (Who? When? Where?)
2. They will not accept the promissory note without your signature. (Alternative, General)
3. Mrs Harvey will co-ordinate the work of the both teams. (Why? Disjunctive)
6. Open the brackets:
1. They (to stay) in your room if you (not/to mind). 2. If you (to phone) me as soon as you (to return) we (can) organise a briefing. 3. If she (to mail) the documents we (to process) the information the whole weekend. 4. Next Monday when you (to sit for) your exam my friends and I (to go) by train to the Black Sea. 5. I don’t know whether they (to have) time to visit our premises. 6. I think they (to give) you this job if you (to apply).
7. Insert articles where necessary:
1. He drinks neither ... tea nor ... coffee, only ... mineral water. 2. ... doctors and ... lawyers are ... very highly paid specialists. 3. They both are keen on ... history. 4. I think he is just afraid of ... people. 5. Look! There are ... people we saw the other day. 6. Excuse me! These people are looking for ... accommodation. Can you give them ... advice? 7. She has got ... very long hair. 8. .. rich rule ... law.
8. Use much or many:
1. Dad usually doesn’t have ... work at the end of a month. 2. How ... people can we engage in the project? 3. Why was there so ... meat contaminated by dioxin? 4. They don’t spend ... money on books, they buy ... CDs instead. 5. Do they need ... support from the state? 6. The country doesn’t have to import ... machinery.
9. Use some, any, no (nobody, nothing, etc.)
1. He has ... on his account with our bank. 2. Have your ever received ... sponsorship? 3. ... has sent me a letter with a murder threat. 4. It is a very personal question: ... will answer it. 5. There have been ... visitors so far. 6. You can do ... about it at the moment.
10. Choose the proper preposition from those in brackets:
1. He usually works overtime (at, on, in) Monday evenings. 2. I have to answer hundreds of letters (while, for, during) a week. 3. The delegation will arrive (at, in, to) France next week. 4. The car broke and they had to get (at, to, --) the station (by, with, on) foot. 5. They decided to start their business in Italy (at, to, in) end. 6. We spent plenty of time looking (at, for, to) a solution (of, to, with) the problem. 7. The parties were satisfied (by, on, with) the verdict. 8. He was suspicious (about, with, of) my intentions. 9. The board was impressed (with, by, at) his simple but effective plan. 10. The man is similar (for, to, by) me.
TEST 2 (Variant E)
1. Read the text:
GREAT BRITAIN
The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is a political union of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK is situated on the British Isles to the West of the mainland of Europe. (1)This group of islands consists of about 5,000 islands with two of them being very big: Great Britain and Ireland. Three parts of the state: England, Scotland and Wales are situated on Great Britain, Northern Ireland occupies northern part of Ireland.
* The unification of minor independent states into one powerful unit was started in the 13th century with conquering Wales. Scotland remained independent for a long time. The final unification took place in 1707 with the signing an agreement to form a common parliament for Britain and Scotland. Ireland became Britain’s colony in the 11th century. There were bloody battles on religious background till 1921 when Ireland was separated into two countries: the Irish Republic and Ulster, which belongs to Britain. The Ulster problem is still a painful point of Britain’s policy.
(2)The geographical position of the country influences greatly the climate of Great Britain. The country is surrounded by the sea what makes the climate rather mild. Besides the Gulf Stream warms the country and all this causes relatively small seasonal changes of weather. The difference between winter and summer temperatures is not very big. The relief and the landscape of the country vary greatly in different parts of the country: from plains in the South-East to high mountains in the North. In fact Great Britain has all the landscapes which can be found on our planet but deserts and glaciers. The diversity of the landscape is really great and it provides the diversity of wild life.
The UK is a highly developed country with very long industrial traditions. (3)The country gave the birth to the industrial revolution, which changed the ways of history all over the world. Traditionally Britain has very developed machine-building and ship-building industry. Metal ore and coal extraction, the two more traditional fields, are experiencing hard times now. A very important break-through in economy was the exploit of the oil and gas fields on the North Sea shelf what reduced the dependence of the country on the import of these materials. Pacing with progress Britain has developed some new industries: aerospace, electronic and chemical industries. (4)The country occupies a middle position in the list of the European Community countries.
2. Translate the marked (*) paragraph into Russian.
3. Put questions to the numbered sentences using the prompts:
1. How many...? Alternative.
2. General, Disjunctive.
3. What ... to?
4. Why ... ? What position ...?
4. Use the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous:
1. He is so boring! He (to tell) you his African experiences the whole weekend. 2. I promise I (to see) my doctor on Friday. 3. So I (to wait) for you at 5 p.m. sharp in the hall. 4. I think he (to arrive) in two weeks. 5. I (to go) downtown later. Can I get you anything? 6. I (not/to be) in the office tomorrow.
5. Put questions using the words in brackets:
1. Judge Blake will expect you in the courtroom at 10 a.m. on Thursday. (Who? When? Where?)
2. Mr Crage will not be able to make a speech. (Why? General)
3. The assistants will be working on the report the whole day. (Alternative, Disjunctive)
6. Open the brackets:
1. I (to phone) you when I (to get) home from work. 2. I don’t know when he (to try) to contact you. 3. I bet she (to reprimand) you as soon as she (to come) back. 4. You (to be) at home if I (to come) at half past nine? 5. If we (not/to start) working at once we (not/can) to finish the work by the end of the week. 6. If the alarm (to work) the police (to arrive) in 6 minutes.
7. Insert articles where necessary:
1. He signed ... agent agreement on selling ... glass. 2. Mark was very good at ... mathematics at school. 3. We are searching for ... information. ... information we possess at the moment is not enough. 4. Our office spends big sums on ... stationary. 5. We will not buy ... furniture made of ... metal and ... plastic. 6. I want to leave early today, so I have to ask for ... permission. 7. I have never dealt with ... police before. 8. ... revenge is ... inhuman word.
8. Use much or many:
1. Do they usually take ... luggage? 2. The work will not take you ... time. 3. How ... VAT do you have to pay monthly? 4. This new engine does not take ... fuel. 5. ... people are against death penalty. 6. His career is finished: he drinks too ... alcohol.
9. Use some, any, no (nobody, nothing, etc.)
1. We have already ordered ... pieces of furniture. 2. I can’t find ... papers on our negotiations with Shell company. 3. Has ... asked me? No, sir, ... . 4. These idle deliberations bring ... peace of mind at all. 5. ... has left a message for you. 6. I have heard ... from him lately.
10. Choose the proper preposition from those in brackets:
1. He is very proud (about, of, with) his son. 2. It was very stupid (from, with, of) you to sign that contract. 3. The plan consists (with, in, of) three chapters. 4. He greatly influenced (on, at, -) the foreign policy of Britain. 5. He was disappointed (at, by, with) the results of his exam. 6. Who was responsible (at, about, for) the market studies? 7. The retail price depends (-, at, on) the transportation expenses. 8. Sometimes I feel so tired (with, by, of) my routine life. 9. I must apologize (for, about, at) my mistake. 10. I can’t rely (at, -, on) my assistant any more.